1. Forming method of carbon fiber composite material
1, molding method. In this method, the carbon fiber material pre-impregnated with resin is put into a metal mold, and the excess glue overflows after being pressurized, and then cured at high temperature, and the finished product comes out after demoulding. This method is most suitable for manufacturing automobile parts.
22, hand paste lamination method. Cut and laminate the carbon fiber sheets soaked with glue, or brush resin while laying, and then hot-press molding. This method can choose the direction, size and thickness of fiber at will and is widely used. Note that the shape after delamination is smaller than that of the mold, so that the fiber will not bend when pressed in the mold.
33, vacuum bag hot pressing method. Laminate the mold mound, cover it with a heat-resistant film, apply pressure to the lamination with a soft bag, and cure it in hot-pressing irrigation.
44, winding forming method. The carbon fiber monofilament is wound on the carbon fiber shaft, which is especially suitable for making cylinders and hollow utensils.
55, extrusion molding method. Firstly, carbon fiber is completely soaked, resin and air are removed by extrusion, and then solidified in the furnace. This method is simple and suitable for preparing rod-shaped and tubular parts.
Second, the carbon fiber composite molding process
1. Hand paste molding:
Coating release agent and gel coat on the working surface of the mold, laying the cut carbon fiber prepreg on the working surface of the mold, brushing or spraying resin system glue, forming and curing, and demoulding after reaching the required thickness. Today, with the highly developed preparation technology, hand paste technology is still widely used in petrochemical containers, storage tanks, automobile shells and many other fields with the advantages of simple process, low investment and wide application. Its disadvantages are loose texture, low density, low product strength, unstable quality and low production efficiency, mainly relying on labor.
2. Injection molding:
And belong to low-pressure forming of a hand paste proces. The chopped fiber and resin are mixed with a spray gun, compressed air is sprayed on the mold, and after reaching a predetermined thickness, it is manually pressed with a rubber scrub, and then solidified and molded. A semi-mechanized molding process is created to improve the manual paste molding, which improves the working efficiency to a certain extent and is used to manufacture the transition layer of automobile body, hull, bathtub and storage tank.
3. Lamination molding:
Under pressure, the prepreg stacked layer by layer is placed between the upper and lower flat dies, heated and cured. This process can directly inherit the production method and equipment of wood plywood, and be improved and perfected according to the rheological characteristics of resin. Lamination molding process is mainly used to produce composite plates with various specifications and different uses. It has the characteristics of high mechanization and automation and stable product quality. , but the one-time investment in equipment is large.
4. Winding forming:
The process of winding continuous fiber or cloth tape impregnated with resin glue on a mandrel according to certain rules, and then curing and demoulding to become composite products. Carbon fiber winding can give full play to its characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus and low density, and can be used to manufacture cylinders, spheres and some positive curvature rotating bodies or cylindrical carbon fiber products.
5. Pultrusion molding:
The continuous carbon fiber tow, belt or cloth impregnated with resin glue is molded and solidified by extrusion die under the traction, and the profiles with unlimited length are continuously produced. Pultrusion is a special process in composite molding process, and its advantage is that the production process can be fully controlled automatically and the production efficiency is high. The fiber content in pultruded products can be as high as 80%, and impregnation under tension can give full play to the role of reinforcing materials. The product has high strength, and the longitudinal and transverse strength of the finished product can be adjusted at will, which can meet the different mechanical performance requirements of the product. This process is suitable for the production of profiles with various cross-sectional shapes, such as I-shaped, angular, grooved and irregular cross-sectional pipes and composite cross-sectional profiles composed of the above profiles.
6. Liquid molding:
The liquid monomer is synthesized into polymer, and then the curing reaction of polymer into composite material is directly completed in the mold at the same time, which not only reduces the energy consumption in the process, but also shortens the molding cycle (a product can be completed in about 2 minutes). However, the application of this technology must be based on accurate pipeline transportation and measurement and automatic control of temperature and pressure, which belongs to the cross category of polymer materials and modern high-tech science and technology, and its application is not very wide at present.
7. Vacuum autoclave:
A composite green body formed by laminating a single-layer prepreg in a predetermined direction is placed in an autoclave, and the curing process is completed at a certain temperature and pressure. Autoclave is a special pressure vessel that can withstand and control a certain temperature and pressure range. Pave the blank on the surface of the mold with the release agent attached, then cover it with porous anti-sticking cloth (film), adhesive absorbent felt and breathable felt in turn, seal it in a vacuum bag, and then put it in an autoclave. Before heating and curing, vacuum the bag to remove air and volatiles, and then heat and pressurize it according to the curing system of different resins. The formulation and implementation of vulcanization system is the key to ensure the quality of autoclaved parts. This molding process is suitable for manufacturing aircraft doors, fairings, airborne radomes, supports, wings, tails and other products.
8. Introduction to vacuum:
VIP, for short, spreads a layer of "dry" carbon fiber composite material on the mold, and then spreads a vacuum bag to evacuate the vacuum in the system and form a negative pressure in the mold cavity. The unsaturated resin is pressed into the fiber layer by the pressure generated by vacuum through the pre-laid pipeline, so that the resin penetrates into the reinforcing material and finally fills the whole mold. After the product is cured, the vacuum bag material is removed to obtain the required product from the mold. The patent record of this process appeared in 1950, but it was only developed in recent years. In vacuum environment, impregnating carbon fiber with resin leads to less bubbles, higher strength, lighter weight, more stable product quality and less resin loss. The product with smooth surface can be obtained with only one mold, and the thickness of the product can be better controlled. Generally used in rudder and radome of shipbuilding industry, blades and nacelle cover of wind energy, various roofs, windshields and carriages of automobile industry.
Abstract: With the deepening and development of the application of carbon fiber composites, the molding methods of carbon fiber composites are constantly emerging in new forms. However, various molding processes of carbon fiber composites do not exist in the form of renewal and elimination. In practical application, in order to achieve the best results under different conditions and environments, there are often multiple processes coexisting. At the same time, carbon fiber is lighter than aluminum and stronger than steel, and has the advantages of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and high modulus, so it is called "the king of emerging materials". Carbon fiber products have applications in many fields. I hope the above knowledge can help you, and I wish you a happy life.
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