How does UWB positioning technology achieve accurate positioning?

UWB ultra-wideband technology is a new wireless communication technology, which makes the signal have GHz bandwidth by directly modulating pulses with steep rise and fall times. It has the advantages of insensitivity to channel fading, low power spectral density of transmitted signal, low interception ability, low system complexity and positioning accuracy of several centimeters. It was used for short-distance high-speed data transmission earlier, and its sub-nanosecond ultra-narrow pulse has been used for short-distance accurate indoor positioning at home and abroad in recent years.

Positioning principle

The positioning principle of UWB is very similar to that of satellite navigation. As shown in the figure below, given the satellite coordinates in the sky, the receiving equipment on the ground can determine its position coordinates (plane and elevation coordinates) by receiving four satellite signals at the same time. The positioning principle of UWB is to arrange four positioning base stations with known coordinates indoors, and the person or equipment to be positioned carries a positioning tag. The tag emits pulses at a certain frequency, continuously ranging with four base stations with known positions, and accurately calculates the position of the positioning tag through a certain algorithm.