Technological innovation is the source of economic growth and economic development. Enterprises are the carrier of economic growth and economic development. The technical level and technological innovation capabilities of enterprises not only directly determine the competitiveness of enterprises, but also have an impact on the entire industry and Economic development plays an important fundamental role. In technological innovation, technology-based small businesses are as important as large enterprises. Large enterprises have relatively strong financial and technical strength, which enables them to engage in product innovation and large-scale process updates. However, many technology-based small enterprises are founded by scientific and technological personnel with innovative awareness and ability, with flexible mechanisms and decisive decision-making. Once there is financial support, they will be more willing to engage in innovation.
1 Improve and improve corporate technological innovation incentive policies and enhance the "power source" of corporate technological innovation
Government support for corporate technological innovation can be through direct or indirect means, such as direct funding , tax policy, government procurement, industrial policy, coordination role, infrastructure services and other measures to support enterprises. The direct support method means that the state directly encourages and supports the technological innovation activities of enterprises through financial means, industrial policies, etc. This method generally produces results quickly. The disadvantage is that it easily increases the dependence of enterprises and weakens the ability of market regulation. Moreover, the government's support also It is difficult to ensure fairness. Indirect support only encourages and guides the innovation activities of enterprises and does not directly intervene in the technological innovation activities of enterprises. Today, the United States ranks first in the world in many fields of science and technology, and technological innovation and development have greatly promoted the continued growth of the U.S. economy. It can be considered that since the 1980s, the core of the U.S. science and technology policy system has been to implement a series of policy measures to encourage enterprises to increase investment in technological innovation, such as taxation, government procurement, etc. In order to enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises for independent innovation and enhance the "power source" of enterprise technological innovation, the incentive policy for enterprise technological innovation must be improved and perfected.
(1) Deepen the reform of the property rights system of state-owned enterprises, establish and improve the modern enterprise system, and make state-owned enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises above designated size, truly become market-oriented market entities. Strengthen the awareness of state-owned enterprises to independently select innovative projects suitable for their development goals based on changes in market demand and market competition, and raise funds, invest and bear corresponding risks, so that state-owned enterprises can become the leading force in promoting regional innovation.
(2) Encourage scientific and technological personnel from colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, state-owned enterprises, returned overseas students and all sectors of society to lead and participate in the establishment of private science and technology enterprises. By improving the property rights protection system, eliminating market access discrimination, lowering the threshold for private investment, improving the financial support system, optimizing the development environment and other policy measures, we will promote private technology enterprises to increase their scale and level, and make private technology enterprises a new force in promoting regional innovation.
(3) Adjust and improve tax incentive policies for corporate technological innovation. Shift from encouraging the introduction of foreign capital and technology to stimulating independent innovation of enterprises, focusing on providing systematic and complete support for the research and development process of technological innovation of enterprises, paying attention to tax incentives for human capital in technological innovation enterprises, and gradually piloting the implementation of high-tech industrial zones under the same technical conditions and equal tax preferential policies outside the region. Tax incentives give priority to encouraging the development of technological innovation enterprises and scientific research projects with high scientific and technological levels that can be quickly transformed into productivity and can significantly improve production efficiency, so as to encourage enterprises to continue to carry out technological innovation.
(4) Flexible use of government public procurement and public fiscal policies. It is necessary to formulate government procurement policies that encourage independent innovation in accordance with my country's specific conditions and government procurement regulations on the premise of drawing on international practices and complying with WTO rules, and activating enterprises' investment and intrinsic needs for technological innovation. Local governments can give priority to purchasing local products through budget control, bidding and other forms. At the same time, they must also create conditions for products from local high-tech industries to enter the government procurement system.
(5) Encourage enterprises to significantly increase investment in technology digestion and absorption while introducing technology, increase the proportion of technology digestion and absorption funds in enterprises’ science and technology expenditures, and digest key technologies and equipment introduced by enterprises. Absorb and reinnovate.
2 Actively promote enterprises to establish technology development centers or technology alliances to improve their technological innovation capabilities
The construction of enterprise technology development centers or technology alliances is an important link in the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises, and it is also The inherent needs of enterprises for self-development and improvement of competitiveness and the inevitable choice to become the main body of technological innovation. The United States has taken a series of measures to encourage companies to establish technology development centers or technology alliances, such as consolidating and strengthening the National Science Foundation's financial support for universities and companies to cooperate in research, development and experiments, and strengthening the transfer of military technology from the Department of Defense to companies. The British government has successfully organized and implemented the "Alvey Information Technology Plan" to promote collaborative research among government ministries, government research institutions, universities and enterprises. So far, the British government has invested 400 million pounds in joint industry-government-academic research projects.
(1) Formulate development plans, strengthen local legislation, and guide enterprises, especially enterprises above designated size, to establish technology centers or technology alliances to enhance their technological innovation capabilities. Formulate and improve the identification and management methods for enterprise technology centers. For technology centers or technology alliances established voluntarily by enterprises, the government can arrange financial assistance and provide tax incentives based on the relationship between the project and national industrial policies.
(2) Encourage colleges and universities and scientific research institutes to jointly establish technology centers or technology alliances with enterprises through various methods such as joint ventures, investments, and equity participation, and develop enterprises as the main body, and scientific research institutions and universities are interconnected. dynamic technological innovation network. Based on the principles of complementary advantages and maximum sharing of benefits, the optimal combination of technological capital, industrial capital and talent capital is achieved.
(3) Emphasize the market awareness, overall awareness, benefit awareness and innovation awareness of the technology development center or technology alliance to provide technical support for the development of the enterprise. The technology center can expand funding sources and improve research and development levels by undertaking research projects for national, provincial and other enterprises, carrying out technology development, technology consulting, technology transfer, technology services and other technical activities. The technology development center or technology alliance should be compatible with the enterprise's organizational structure and development scale, and should take into account the enterprise's long-term, medium-term and short-term research and development.
(4) Focusing on priority development areas such as electronic information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, and environmental science and technology, select some enterprises and scientific research companies with good conditions, high enthusiasm, and advanced and mature scientific and technological achievements. The institute has built a number of technology development bases that provide technical support and product development for high-tech industries and pillar industries, and provide systematic, supporting and engineering technology and information services for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
3 Deepen the reform of applied scientific research institutes and give full play to the leading force of technological innovation
The so-called reform and transformation of scientific research institutes refers to the transformation of scientific research institutes from public institutions to scientific and technological enterprises Or enter the enterprise, and the non-material production department is transferred to the material production department. The key to the reform is to make the enterprise the main body of technological innovation through the transformation of scientific research institutes and take the road of scientific and technological industrialization. The transformation of scientific research institutes into enterprises is a major strategic decision made by the party and the country to accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body and comprehensively improve my country's industrial innovation capabilities and competitiveness. It is also a very important step in the reform of my country's science and technology system. content. The gradual transformation of scientific research institutes into various types of social and economic entities can promote technological innovation and the commercialization and industrialization of high-tech achievements. At this stage, it is necessary to continue to study the transformation experience and methods of different types of scientific research institutes, promote the transformation of applied scientific research institutes into enterprises, and promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation.
(1) Deepen the reform of applied scientific research institutes, mainly through strategic asset reorganization and restructuring of scientific research institutes that focus on technology development and have complementary advantages with enterprises, and can be integrated through mergers Enter the enterprise and become the enterprise's technology development organization. High-tech enterprises converted from scientific research institutions or founded must establish modern enterprise systems and new operating mechanisms, rely on scientific and technological advantages, improve innovation capabilities and research and development levels, achieve industrialization, and play an important role as a leading force in technological innovation.
(2) Deepen the reform of the property rights system after the transformation of applied scientific research institutes based on the principles of marketization of capital rights, integration of the institute’s advantageous assets into the market, and increasing equity in employee incentive mechanisms.
Since the assets, personnel quality, and degree of industrialization of each scientific research institution are different, the key issues such as equity setting and equity nature that arise in the joint-stock reform of scientific research institutions should be based on the principle of combining national, collective, and personal interests and have the courage to practice. Boldly explore a new joint-stock reform model suitable for the development of scientific research institutions.
(3) The government will continue to support the revolutionary, critical, and cutting-edge industrial technology research activities conducted by technology-based enterprises transformed from scientific research institutes through technology project bidding, so as to inspire the majority of scientific and technological personnel. The enthusiasm for technological innovation activates the creativity of scientific and technological personnel.
(4) Clearly stipulate supporting policies for the transformation of scientific research institutions, such as equity incentives for scientific research institutes, social security, etc., and formulate more preferential policies to attract and support the localization of centrally located scientific research institutions. Scientific research institutions from other provinces and cities that have industrialized their results can enjoy the relevant preferential policies of the province.
4 Increase the protection of intellectual property rights and promote and protect the technological innovation achievements of enterprises
In the process of technological innovation, enterprises are constantly accompanied by technological inventions and the technical know-how and know-how formed therefrom. Proprietary technology and patented technology are unique intangible assets of an enterprise and an important part of its core capabilities. The intellectual property protection system is a powerful basic legal system and effective mechanism that maintains fair and orderly competition in the market economy and encourages, promotes and protects technological innovation. At present, not only the United States and Japan have incorporated intellectual property protection, especially the protection of intellectual property rights in the process of technological innovation, into national strategies, but also countries such as Russia, Ukraine, South Korea, and India have also formulated or are formulating technological innovation strategies while also incorporating intellectual property protection into their national strategies. Incorporate intellectual property protection in the process of technological innovation into national strategies. To cultivate technological innovation subjects in enterprises, we must increase the protection of intellectual property rights and safeguard the interests of enterprises' technological innovation achievements.
(1) Optimize the intellectual property protection environment and effectively maintain market order. We must make cracking down on intellectual property violations that disrupt market order the primary task of intellectual property administrative law enforcement. We must eradicate repetitive, group-based, and stubborn intellectual property violations through comprehensive management, and incorporate intellectual property protection into the construction of the social integrity system.
(2) Promote local intellectual property legislation and improve the intellectual property legal system. Conscientiously implement local intellectual property laws and regulations that are connected with national intellectual property laws and regulations and are consistent with local productivity levels and development needs.
(3) Establish the dominant position and role of enterprises in the creation, protection and implementation of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to enhance the awareness and legal concept of intellectual property protection in enterprises, promote enterprises to formulate and implement intellectual property strategies, integrate intellectual property protection throughout the entire process of technological innovation, cultivate a group of enterprises with independent intellectual property rights, and make enterprises truly become the creators and protectors of intellectual property rights. and the subject of implementation.
(4) Give full play to the government's guidance, conduct patent searches for research, development and industrialization projects of financially funded enterprises before the project is approved, and arrange a certain proportion of funds in the project for the formation and development of intellectual property rights. Protection-related costs, the number of patent applications, ownership and implementation benefits are important indicators for evaluating an enterprise's technological innovation and management level.