How to innovate enterprise technical management? First, simple division of labor management.
The emergence of division of labor is a long-span promotion of human social activities, which enables every labor force to develop its strengths and avoid its weaknesses, ensures that the labor force can be better utilized, and thus greatly improves the social labor efficiency. As far as today's society is concerned, the continuous development of science and technology makes the division of labor increasingly detailed, which leads to the differentiation of enterprise business processes. On the negative side, bureaucracy and hierarchy are born, which makes it difficult for employees to get in touch with cross-disciplinary colleagues or even cross-level superiors in production and business activities, which not only stifles the creativity, initiative and enthusiasm of excellent employees, but also greatly reduces the information circulation within enterprises, thus weakening the market of enterprises. The development of division of labor management mode has roughly experienced two stages: simple division of labor management and comprehensive division of labor management; The latter stage is the enrichment and expansion of the former stage, and the former stage is the foundation and condition of the latter stage. In some traditional industries that are less affected by scientific and technological innovation, as well as small-scale or early-stage enterprises, enterprises often adopt more? Simple division of labor management mode? Its basic elements include personnel, finance, production, logistics, supply and marketing. Under this management mode, enterprises can basically connect all production activities in series through a complete management chain.
Direction II. Comprehensive Division of Labor Management
With the continuous improvement of enterprise scale and the increasingly fierce market competition, in the overall management of enterprises, management is generally divided into two parts: guarantee management and production management. Safety management mainly includes financial planning and management, information management, material and asset management, human resource development and management, etc. Production management mainly includes manufacturing management, resource supply management, technology and R&D management, service management and marketing management. These two management parts are complementary to each other regardless of primary or secondary, but for enterprises, the division of labor and salary between the two management parts are often unbalanced due to the production focus or the industrial structure of the enterprise itself, which affects the cooperation and cohesion within the enterprise, and even produces internal contradictions among employees, greatly reducing the production efficiency of the enterprise.
Direction 3, information management
With the rapid development of science and technology and the frequent emergence of innovation, especially the rapid development of information technology and its application, the modern enterprise management mode has undergone profound changes. Informatization will affect the management mode of enterprises. High-tech information management should not be blindly moved, and information management measures suitable for enterprises themselves should be taken. On the premise of mutual adaptation, on the one hand, information management will continuously promote and promote the efficient cooperation and linkage of management departments, thus improving the production efficiency of enterprises themselves; On the other hand, the improvement of management efficiency will bring about the improvement of information circulation, which in turn will promote the implementation of information management, thus achieving a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between management and information exchange. However, it should be noted that this adaptation should not be the complete adaptation of information management to the original enterprise model and composition, but a substantive reform with the overall goal of improving enterprise efficiency. Both the enterprise itself and the information management mode need drastic attempts, but considering the interests of the enterprise itself, this attempt should not be too blind, and comprehensive investigation and research should be carried out on the premise of mutual cooperation. Based on the overall management level of enterprises and the quality level of employees themselves, we should not only learn from the experiences and lessons of other practitioners, but also be good at summing up the problems we encounter.
How to innovate the learning and accumulation of employees' knowledge and skills in enterprise technology management?
Including the knowledge and skill level and structure of employees, the overall quality and knowledge and skill structure of all employees in the enterprise, and the experience accumulated in the long-term operation of the enterprise. The learning and accumulation of knowledge and skills is a continuous dynamic process. With the rapid development of science and technology, the cycle of knowledge updating is greatly shortened, and the external environment of enterprises is constantly changing. Both employees and enterprises must pay attention to the updating and improvement of knowledge and skills and the reorganization of knowledge structure. Through various forms of training and employee self-study, employees' ideology, knowledge level, technical level and management level will be continuously improved.
Clarify the orientation and development direction of enterprise technological innovation.
Any successful enterprise in technological innovation must have excellent entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial spirit. It is entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial spirit that promote, guide and drive the technological innovation of enterprises from the inside. Therefore, the stronger the innovative spirit of entrepreneurs, the more actively enterprises will look for innovative opportunities and take the initiative to innovate. It is not only reflected in the lead in innovation time. But also bring the leading position of innovation and technology to enterprises, thus making enterprises form a sustainable competitive advantage. For high-tech engineering projects contracted by construction enterprises, the enterprise technology center should participate in the early planning of the project, and promote and apply some advanced four new technologies from a higher level in a planned way.
Perfection of technical system.
Technical system is an organic system consisting of a series of supporting technical patents, technical know-how, facilities and equipment and technical specifications, including the relationship and synergy between hardware and software. It includes both tacit technical resources in the form of knowledge technology and explicit technical resources in the form of core products.
Enterprise technology system usually takes one or several key technologies as the core.
The technological advantages of enterprises are often reflected in these core technologies. Identifying, developing and effectively utilizing these core technologies and forming a unique technical system and core products around them can often lay the foundation for enterprises to establish competitive advantages. The construction of technical system is the strategic behavior of enterprises. Having an advanced or unique technology system will not only help enterprises to improve their short-term income, but more importantly, enable enterprises to effectively carry out technological innovation. However, the construction of technical system must be carried out around the core competitiveness of enterprises, because only the technological advantages of enterprises do not necessarily lead to the advantages of enterprises in economic performance.
Establish and improve the scientific and technological progress and innovation system of enterprises.
Including the establishment of the leadership organization structure, the establishment of scientific research centers and the establishment and improvement of various management systems, especially strengthening the close cooperation with scientific research institutions in colleges and universities, and establishing a harmonious division of labor and cooperation with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, scientific research institutions participating and government departments guiding? Production, learning, research and politics? Linkage scientific research innovation system.
Increase investment in science and technology of enterprises.
According to the orientation and development direction of enterprise's technological innovation, make a work plan for technological innovation, select key scientific and technological projects, and make good use of funds for scientific and technological projects. Enterprises can extract some funds to invest in the research and application of key projects, so that company managers can effectively carry out innovative research, gain first-hand experience and data, and then summarize and form independent knowledge and technology of enterprises. For example, the application of new formwork system, green construction technology and advanced project management technology. The popularization and application of many achievements need the investment of related equipment, materials, instruments, personnel training and other resources in the early stage. After several projects' turnover application, it may produce economic benefits, and some financial support from enterprises is also needed in the early stage of application. At the same time, enterprises should realize that technological innovation is risky, allow the failure of innovation work and pay a certain price.
Continue to strengthen core technological innovation.
Taking the development of national construction methods and invention patents as a breakthrough, we will promote the independent intellectual property rights and core technology innovation of enterprises. Actively promote the application of 10 new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, especially in view of the technical difficulties and construction highlights of different projects, carry out technological innovation to enhance the scientific and technological content of construction technology of construction enterprises. Taking the Luban Prize project as the carrier, the systematic method of lean construction is used to control the generation process of building products. To create a green construction demonstration project as the carrier, actively promote the application of advanced and applicable technologies, and strive to enhance the green construction capacity of enterprises.
Continue to strengthen the construction of innovative talents.
Continue to strengthen the training of internal experts, establish a high-quality innovative technical team, make full use of existing technical resources, and strengthen the training of technical personnel's scientific and technological innovation ability; Deepen the competition mechanism and enhance the innovative spirit of scientific and technological personnel; Strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation.
Strengthen the construction of technology centers.
Enterprise technology center should gradually improve the coordination ability of scientific and technological innovation management, coordinate the relevant production resources and human resources of enterprises, and create a better foundation for technical management. Further improve the incentive mechanism for technological innovation of enterprises, clarify the orientation of enterprises, and give necessary rewards to employees who have contributed to technological progress of enterprises.
How to innovate enterprise technology management I. New concept of enterprise technology innovation based on knowledge management
1. Technological innovation based on knowledge management is an important means for enterprises to gain core competitiveness. On the surface, technological innovation is a process, that is, the generation, research and development, trial production, production and sales of new ideas, that is, the process from ideas to objects. But in essence, every activity of technological innovation involves knowledge. The whole process of technological innovation can generally be divided into three stages: innovative idea, technological innovation development and technological and economic development. A technological innovation often comes from market demand, and the process of obtaining market information by enterprises is actually the process of acquiring knowledge, because information is basically knowledge. After obtaining the market demand, enterprises begin to carry out technological innovation and development. This stage is to use the relevant knowledge inside and outside the enterprise to transform technological innovation ideas into new technologies containing innovative knowledge. Finally, new technologies or new products are sold to the market after they are developed, which is actually the maximum application of new technologies containing innovative knowledge and the diffusion and dissemination of new knowledge. Therefore, the essence of enterprise technological innovation is knowledge innovation, and the whole process of technological innovation is the whole process of knowledge innovation. With the development of technological innovation, the accumulation of new knowledge produces new technologies and develops new products, thus forming the core competitiveness of enterprises.
2. Technological innovation based on knowledge management helps to reduce enterprise costs and improve enterprise performance. Enterprise technological innovation is the evolutionary process of knowledge generation, creation and application. There are all kinds of knowledge in enterprises, including personal knowledge and organizational knowledge; Have explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge; There are recognized knowledge and unrecognized knowledge; There are lessons learned, as well as knowledge existing in corporate culture. Through knowledge management, enterprises identify and process all kinds of knowledge of enterprises, including personal knowledge, organizational knowledge, invisible knowledge and explicit knowledge, and display them in a way suitable for the internal and external environment of enterprises, and concentrate them into a knowledge base to help and promote employees to acquire, absorb, use and enjoy these knowledge. By spreading and collecting knowledge, knowledge management can communicate with consumers in time and accurately understand the latest market trends, so that the technological innovation of enterprises can better meet the needs of the market; At the same time, for failed cases, enterprises record the whole process of technological innovation through knowledge management and form a certain database, thus effectively avoiding repeated development and construction, saving enterprise resources, reducing innovation costs, improving development speed and increasing enterprise performance.
3. Technological innovation based on knowledge management is helpful to reduce the risk of enterprise innovation. Technological innovation not only brings double benefits to enterprises, but also has the problems of high cost and even some risks. In the process of technological innovation, the opportunity cost is high, the investment time of innovation is long, and a lot of capital investment is needed; Technological innovation is not achieved overnight, and it needs to be tried constantly, and there will be many uncertainties. In many cases, the risk of enterprise technological innovation comes from the lack of some important knowledge. To some extent, knowledge management is to check and fill the knowledge gap of enterprise technological innovation and play a guiding role in enterprise technological innovation. With the help of knowledge management, internal and external knowledge networks can be established in the whole process of new ideas' generation, R&D, trial production, production and sales, and explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, external knowledge and internal knowledge can be effectively concentrated to realize effective knowledge exchange and knowledge sharing, so as to avoid the failure of technological innovation caused by insufficient information and knowledge collection in technological innovation; Through the analysis and utilization of knowledge, the technological innovation of enterprises can better meet the market demand and reduce the risks brought by some uncertain factors in the process of technological innovation. At the same time, the new knowledge gained in technological innovation enriches the knowledge management theory.
Second, the content of knowledge management in enterprise technological innovation
1. The conception (and decision-making) stage of enterprise technological innovation. The conception stage of enterprise technological innovation is the initial stage of innovation. The quality and source of innovative ideas determine the level of innovation. Its source can be the discovery of natural scientists or engineers engaged in technical activities, or the feelings of marketers on market environment opportunities and consumer demand. Enterprises need to identify, collect, organize and store knowledge about potential market demand, current advanced technology, natural and social environment, internal resources of enterprises and externally available resources. With the concept of innovation, enterprises need to systematically evaluate their own production capacity and available resources, and finally apply them to the systematic process of technological innovation. The problem to be solved in the decision-making stage is whether the product through technological innovation can be transformed from an idea into a truly feasible commercial product. This largely depends on the acquisition of the above knowledge. At the same time, pay attention to the knowledge exchange and sharing among members of the enterprise, so that innovators can obtain information in time through knowledge management, organize and form an innovation plan, and lay a good foundation for the next stage of technological innovation.
2. The development stage of enterprise technological innovation. The technological innovation and development stage of an enterprise is a research stage in which all kinds of technologies, manpower, material resources, funds and equipment owned by the enterprise are deployed according to the needs of the previous stage, and innovative products are transformed from an idea into product prototypes with clear characteristics, that is, new technologies are created and new products and processes that can be used are developed. This requires employees to have cutting-edge scientific knowledge, technical knowledge and market information related to product development, and can comprehensively apply these knowledge to new products to be developed by enterprises. Through knowledge management, enterprises comprehensively monitor the information involved in the process of technological innovation, including changes in internal and external market environment, consumer demand and competitors, and enjoy organizational knowledge and personal knowledge in the process of technological innovation to the greatest extent, thus promoting the transformation of personal invisible knowledge into explicit knowledge, and stimulating new invisible knowledge through sharing and utilization. At this stage, effective knowledge exchange is the most important. Only by communication can we enjoy knowledge to the maximum extent, make knowledge play its due value and function, and improve the efficiency of new product and new process development. A survey shows that the more successful an enterprise is in implementing knowledge management, the shorter it takes to develop products and realize production capacity. 3. The realization (and diffusion) stage of enterprise technological innovation. This stage is the process from small batch production to large batch production of new products. The application of new technology in the production process requires employees' long-term accumulated practical experience, and the comprehensive application ability of employees' various knowledge is very important. Knowledge needs to be transformed into various skills, that is, explicit knowledge needs to be transformed into invisible knowledge. In addition, enterprises will encounter new technical problems for smooth production, so employees need to re-learn the knowledge related to new product manufacturing. There are many uncertainties in the process of technological innovation, and the fundamental reason for enterprises to form knowledge demand for technological innovation is to reduce the uncertainty and risk of technological innovation. Therefore, knowledge management at this stage is the management of customer knowledge.
Third, realize effective knowledge management according to the goal of technological innovation
1. Build a knowledge management platform and a knowledge management database with the help of information technology. In the process of technological innovation, enterprises collect information through information search, open communication, competition, project feedback and external reference, and establish a knowledge system in the form of documents, data and tables; At the same time, with the help of external forces, such as knowledge sharing between various channels, we will establish relationships with service organizations such as enterprise information investigation and consultation to obtain external knowledge needed by enterprises. Through the analysis and feedback of information in each stage, enterprises use knowledge management to record the whole process of technological innovation in detail, and organize the data in each stage into a database to store knowledge. With the help of information technology, they build a knowledge management platform and form a transformation mechanism between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, personal knowledge and organizational knowledge, which is conducive to the acquisition, enjoyment, innovation and application of knowledge.
2. Pay attention to creating a cultural environment conducive to creating new knowledge and establishing a learning organization. In enterprise knowledge management, enterprises can increase the stock of knowledge, create a corporate culture environment conducive to organizational learning, sharing and creation through the transmission and sharing of personal knowledge and experience within the enterprise, as well as exchanges and learning with customers, suppliers, research institutions and other related personnel outside the enterprise, and encourage employees to contribute personal knowledge and experience without reservation, so as to establish a relationship of trust, cooperation and mutual assistance among employees and turn passive into active. The technological innovation ability of an enterprise is to activate the internal and external knowledge of the enterprise. The most effective measure is to establish a learning organization, which can promote the formation and development of the learning organization by using systematic thinking, activating employees' self-transcendence, challenging mental models, establishing a common vision and promoting team learning. By establishing cooperative teams and relying on team strength to acquire, integrate and create knowledge, enterprises can accelerate the realization of technological innovation goals.
3. Import the appropriate knowledge management mode. At present, knowledge management modes are generally divided into two categories: personalized management mode and coding management mode. Among them, personalized management mode emphasizes active investment in human resources, including the introduction of experts, scholars or experienced technicians; Discover and cultivate employees with tacit knowledge within the enterprise. Coding management mode emphasizes investment and information technology, and pays attention to the development of management system for collecting and disseminating knowledge. Knowledge is encoded and stored in a database, and enterprises can reuse it. Personalized management mode and coded management mode have their own advantages and disadvantages. Coding management mode can reduce the cost of enterprise knowledge sharing and improve the efficiency of high-tech development. Personalized management mode depends on experts' experience and skills (tacit knowledge). Enterprises need to choose the appropriate knowledge management mode according to their own conditions, such as relying mainly on explicit knowledge or tacit knowledge, and the characteristics of enterprise products. At the same time, enterprises can also organically integrate the two models and establish a knowledge management model that conforms to their own characteristics.
4. Pay attention to the construction of technological innovation talents and talent team. The technological innovation of enterprises can not be separated from high-quality technological innovation talents. To retain talents, we should not only give them sufficient development space, but also formulate a fair and diverse incentive system and attach importance to the individual differences of employees. Pay attention to the absorption and cultivation of talents, pay attention to ability rather than qualifications, enterprises should create training opportunities for talents, have perfect channels to promote the growth of employees and assist employees to grow themselves; At the same time, provide appropriate incentives to reward innovative talents with results; Encourage innovation and allow failure; Cultivate the values of mutual trust and the cultural atmosphere of sharing knowledge, and strive to build an excellent and stable team of technical innovation management talents.