A woman in a brothel is like a doll in the hands of others. She rarely makes decisions for herself once in her life. They are arty and cling to power, just to end their flashy and empty life, find the one they love, and live a peaceful life. These beautiful but unlucky women have never been noticed by official history, but in the unofficial history of the past dynasties, they have left a brilliant mark, with their passionate, chivalrous, gentle and spiritual lives. The gesture adds another colorful historical symbol to our nation. This is the erotic history of a famous prostitute.
Top Ten Famous Prostitutes in Ancient Times Editor
Editor
The number one heroine actually bowed in comparison to her male counterpart ------- Liang Hongyu
< p>Liang Hongyu was born in Beichenfang, Chuzhou (now Huai'an) in the Song Dynasty. She was born in the first year of Chongning, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. Her father was a soldier. Later, he was defeated in the battle of Fangla and was convicted and killed. Hongyu became a prostitute in the Jingkou camp.She was proficient in calligraphy, had supernatural powers, and could draw a strong bow. She met the outstanding and famous general Han Shizhong at a banquet in Jingkou. The two cherished each other and got married. After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin army continued to move south and encountered Han Shizhong's troops at Jingkou.
Liang Hongyu, with her heroic appearance, wearing red makeup, and waving the Jinshan war drum, defeated Jin Wushu with ten times less than the enemy's force, and besieged the Jin soldiers in Huangtian for forty-eight days, thus becoming famous in China. , Wei Yang Yi Di.
Later, Han Shizhong, Yue Fei, and Liu Jun went on the Northern Expedition. Liang Hongyu led a team of female soldiers, who repeatedly defeated the Jin Dynasty and made extraordinary achievements. This is where the phrase "women should not give way to men" comes from.
Throughout Chinese history, the only women who can really make men bend their waists are Hua Mulan, Wu Zetian, and Liang Hongyu. Zhaojun and Diao Chan took the "curved" path of saving the country, which is fundamentally different from the first three. It is incomparable, and whether there is a Hua Mulan in history remains to be verified.
For a prostitute to achieve such a glorious status and achievement in history, the "Martial Prostitute" is completely different from the experiences of the other nine literary prostitutes.
For such a "great chivalrous person" who is as good as any man, serves the country and the people, and is brave, resourceful and courageous, if she is willing to be second, then who can be the first?
Second place is the famous Qiantang prostitute ------ Su Xiaoxiao
Su Xiaoxiao was born in a well-to-do family in Qiantang. He served as an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the fall of Jin, his family lived in Qiantang. The Su family used the gold, silver and jewelry they carried as capital to do business in Qiantang. By Su Xiaoxiao's parents' generation, they had become local wealthy businessmen. Su Xiaoxiao is the only daughter of her parents, so she has been regarded as the apple of her eye since she was a child. She was named Xiaoxiao because of her delicate appearance.
Although the Su family is a family of merchants, it has inherited the legacy of its ancestors' incense calligraphy. The smart and intelligent Su Xiaoxiao was deeply influenced by it. He was good at writing and poetry since he was a child, and his literary talent was outstanding. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. When she was a teenager, her family fell into decline, and Su Xiaoxiao eventually became a famous prostitute in Qiantang of the Southern Qi Dynasty.
She was good at singing and dancing, and her public skills were outstanding at the time. However, fate played a trick on her, and she met Ruan Lang in Xiling. They fell in love at first sight and became partners. Unfortunately, he was abandoned by Ruan Yu, and later Xiaoxiao was repeatedly bullied by officials.
She was eighteen years old and encountered a cold wind. Aunt Jia advised her to respect herself, but she felt that she had no nostalgia and stopped taking medicine. She died at a young age, leaving only the fragrance of spring in the world. A generation of beauties who were ill-fated finally died in love with regret and sang a sad and beautiful song with their lives.
No wonder later generations of literati chanted it endlessly. The poet Yuan Mu in the early Qing Dynasty was even proud that he and Su Xiaoxiao were fellow villagers, and engraved a seal saying "Qiantang Su Xiaoxiao is a fellow villager."
Su Xiaoxiao's life can be described as the swan song of classical aestheticism. She did not make friends with emperors, generals, or heroes. After her death, she became a literati of all ages, either paying homage to her with poems or writing articles. As a biography, he has a strong attachment to Su Xiaoxiao.
She has left an indelible name in the history of Chinese erotica, so it is not an exaggeration to rank her second.
Third place: Orchid in the empty valley, the most beautiful woman in the world, the legendary talented woman------Dong Xiaowan
Since ancient times, there have been many talents in the south of the Yangtze River, and the beautiful water and green mountains have cultivated beauties. In the late Ming Dynasty, a talented woman named Dong Xiaowan who was famous in the south of the Yangtze River and whose skills surpassed all the other girls was born here. One of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, a native of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). Her name was Bai, her nickname was Qinglian, and she was also nicknamed Qinglian Nu Shi. Both her name and given name were derived from her admiration for Li Bai. Born in a brothel in Nanqu, she is gifted and intelligent, has a beautiful appearance, is good at singing and dancing, knows all kinds of music, chess, calligraphy and painting, is proficient in all kinds of poetry and prose, likes to travel, and is obsessed with the joy of mountains and rivers.
Dong Xiaowan was born as a firework, and has experienced all the joys and sorrows of the world, but she has an otherworldly elegance and aura. She is extremely intelligent and has outstanding talents, which has attracted the surprise and admiration of countless talents and beauties.
Dong Xiaowan is good at embroidery and craftsmanship. She is known as the "Saint of Needlework". She is also one of the top ten famous chefs in ancient China. She personally created the famous Rugao "Dong Tang" and exquisite dishes. "Dong Meat" also belongs to her invention patent. Dong Xiaowan has the reputation of "the best concubine in history" and is the author of the book "Lian Yan" handed down to the world.
She valued love and righteousness, weathered all the calamities, and finally got to stay with her husband forever; she had an awe-inspiring integrity and helped her husband to pursue the great cause of the nation. Although the flower name withered when he was only twenty-eight years old, "when the golden wind and jade dew meet, they will win over countless people in the world" and become a legend throughout his life. Dong is so versatile, it is a pity to be ranked third.
However, some versions say that this Dong Xiaowan was Concubine Dong E who was dedicated to Shunzhi by Hong Chengchou as his concubine. She was the first heroine who was sentenced to death by the Empress Dowager, which caused Shunzhi to become passive and world-weary, and went to Mount Wutai to become a monk.
If this is true, and she did not stay privately with Ruyi Langjun but was later given to Emperor Shunzhi, then I think her ranking will not be ranked third. Because if this is the case, then she is another woman who changed history. With her own talents and experience, she should be better than Su Xiaoxiao.
No matter what the truth is, I have always felt pity for Dong Xiaowan and especially admired him.
The fourth legendary prostitute in the Northern Song Dynasty with both talent and beauty - Li Shishi
Li Shishi was originally the daughter of Wang Yin who ran a dye house in Bianjing City. When she was three years old, Her father sent her to a Buddhist temple, and the old monk rubbed her head, and she burst into tears. The old monk thought that she looked very much like a Buddhist disciple. Because everyone called Buddhist disciples "Master", she was called Master Li. A year later, my father died in prison for his crime. She was raised by neighbors and gradually became more beautiful and fair-skinned. She was adopted by Li Lao, who ran a brothel, and taught her music, chess, calligraphy, painting, singing, dancing, and waiting. For a time, Li Shishi became a famous prostitute in Bianjing, and was the object of competition among literati, princes, and grandsons. In the end, even Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty heard about his name and wanted to kiss her. Gao Qiu and Yang Jian naturally encouraged Song Huizong and vowed not to leak the news.
As soon as he saw Li Shishi, Song Huizong felt that his life had been in vain these years. Li Shishi's gentle and elegant temperament, neither humble nor arrogant, made Song Huizong feel like he was in a dream. Li Shishi and Gao Qiu had known each other for a long time. He was confused when he saw that the high-ranking Master Gao was respectful to this strange guest. However, he was sure that this was a high-ranking official who could not be offended, so he served him diligently.
Before dawn the next day, Song Huizong hurriedly got dressed and rushed back to court with Gao Qiu and Yang Jian. From then on, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty turned a blind eye to the beauties in the harem. From time to time, he went out of the palace to have fun with Li Shishi on the pretext of observing the public sentiment. Sometimes he would ask Wang Fu, a great scholar, to go with him. Master Li gradually came to know his true identity. How dare he not flatter him in every possible way when the Lord Long Live is here! Today's Master Li is no longer what he used to be. Although he is still a famous prostitute, he is still "famous and has an owner." The powerful princes and nobles can only look at "the master" and sigh.
However, Jia Yi, a martial arts officer who had a close friendship with Master Li, met Master Li by chance one day and went to stay at her home. After drinking, he became jealous and wrote a poem that satirized Song Huizong: Leisure. Stepping in front of the small building, I saw a beautiful woman who looked like a fairy; I secretly thought that the holy love was like a dream, holding hands in pursuit of love, enjoying the orchid room, and talking about alliances all night. Shen Tan was full of smoke, and he reported that he would return to Luan in the morning and return to Luan in the evening, leaving the shark's silk as money for the night. Song Huizong was furious when he heard about it and almost killed him. In the end, he was demoted to Qiongzhou and joined the army.
In fact, among all the guests, Li Shishi’s favorite was the great talent Zhou Bangyan. Once Song Huizong was ill, Zhou Bangyan took advantage of this opportunity to come to visit Li Shishi. While the two were chatting, a messenger suddenly arrived. Zhou Bangyan couldn't avoid it and hid under the bed. Song Huizong gave Li Shishi a fresh orange, and after chatting for a while, he was about to return to the palace. Li Shishi pretended to stay and said: "It's already three o'clock, the horse is slippery and the frost is thick, and the dragon's body is important." It was because Song Huizong was not in good health that he Not daring to stay overnight, I left in a hurry.
Zhou Bangyan added a sour line: The swords are like water, Wu Yan beats the snow, and the slender fingers break the new oranges. The brocade curtain is warm at the beginning, and the fragrance of beasts is constant. They sit opposite each other and tune the zither. Ask in a low voice: Who are you going to spend the night with? It's already the third watch on the city, and the horses are slippery and frosty. It's better to leave. There are only a few people walking. Little did they know that after Song Huizong recovered from his illness, Li Shishi had a banquet here, and Li Shishi forgot his emotions and sang this poem. Song Huizong asked who did it, and Li Shishi casually said it was Zhou Bangyan. He regretted it as soon as he said it.
Song Huizong immediately understood that Zhou Bangyan must also be in the house that day. His expression suddenly changed, and after a few days he found an excuse to demote Zhou Bangyan out of Bianjing.
Li Shishi saw him off and sang "Lanling King" composed by him to Song Huizong: The willow shade is straight, the smoke is silky green, and on the Sui embankment, I have seen several blows. Water, floating color to see you off. When I climb up to look at my homeland, who foresaw the tired travelers in Beijing? On Changting Road, every year, I should break mulberry branches over a thousand feet, leisurely looking for traces of the past, and drink while mourning, and leave the banquet with the light of the lamp. The fire of pear blossoms and elm encourages cold food, and when you are worried, the wind is fast and the waves are warm. When you turn around, you will count the posts after a long journey, and look at people on the sad side of the sky in the north. Hate accumulates, gradually leaving the lake, the lake lingers, and the lake becomes quiet. The sun is setting slowly and the spring is endless. I remember holding hands on the moon pavilion, listening to the flute on the exposed bridge, thinking about the past as if in a dream, and crying secretly. Song Huizong also felt that it was too harsh, so he recruited Zhou Bangyan back.
Song Huizong lost his mind by playing with things and did not care about the crisis on the border. He finally became a prisoner in the Jingkang Incident. The Jin army originally wanted to capture Li Shishi as well, but failed. After the Song Dynasty moved south, the whereabouts of Li Shishi were unknown. Some people said that she donated her family property to fight against the gold and escaped into Buddhism by herself. Some people say that she was robbed by the Jin army and committed suicide by swallowing the gold. Some people also say that she randomly married a businessman and later drowned in the Qiantang River.
Although this legendary woman does not have Liang Hongyu’s deeds of defending the country and serving the people, is not as popular as Su Xiaoxiao, and does not have Dong Xiaowan’s sadness, her talents are on par with them. Coupled with her connection to the royal family, it is especially a pity to be ranked fourth.
Fifth place: Liu Rushi, the first of the eight beauties of Qinhuai, who is talented, talented and courageous.
Liu Rushi was born in 1618 in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. A strange flower among the beauties on the banks of the Qinhuai River, one of the eight beauties of Qinhuai, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. My real name is Yang Ai, Yang Yinglian, later I changed my surname to Liu, my given name is Yin, also known as Shi, with the courtesy name Rushi and the small character Zhiwu. I read Xin Qiji's poem: "I see how charming the green mountains are, and I expected that the green mountains should be like this when they see me.", so I named myself Rushi. , later also known as "Hedong Jun" and "Miwu Jun".
When she was ten years old, she was sold into a prostitute due to family difficulties. The skills necessary for prostitution were the first chapter of her life. She was quite famous for her talent, intelligence, pretty appearance, and excellent poetry and painting. Although Liu Rushi was a prostitute, she hated the life of prostitution.
She once fell in love with Zhou Daodeng, then fell in love with Song Zhengyu, then fell in love with Chen Zilong, and finally grew old together with Qian Qianyi. She dared to love and hate, and regarded feudal etiquette as nothing. She was heroic and did not give in to men, and was loyal to the country. When the Ming Dynasty died, she urged her husband to sacrifice his life and commit suicide for his country by drowning himself. He was extremely courageous and had a deep love for the couple. He was willing to die to save his husband.
After a generation of romance, the fragrance of the jade has faded. Qian Qianyi and Liu Rushi were buried separately in Fushui Villa, their former residence in Yushan, Changshu. The two tombs were about 20 meters apart. Qian Qianyi’s tombstone said " The tomb of the old man Dongjian", and the stone tablet in front of Liu Rushi's tomb reads "The tomb of Lord Hedong". The tombs of Qian and Liu were buried in the third year of Kangxi's reign, more than 330 years ago, and are now well preserved. When Qian Qianyi was still alive, he once wrote a poem praising: There is a good wife in the midst of hardships!
She is talented and ranks first among the famous prostitutes in Qinhuai. Her poems are vigorous and powerful, magical and wonderful, and she is full of pink and girly... Liu Rushi is a living legend!
The moral integrity of this prostitute is enough to put countless men to shame, leaving endless fragrance in the world like a white lotus emerging from the mud.
The sixth place was so angry that he won the beauty and returned it with a horse------Chen Yuanyuan
The Ming and Qing Dynasties changed, and the situation changed. The headstrong Chongzhen, the arrogant Tian Hongyu, the capricious Wu Sangui, the arrogant Li Zicheng, the vulgar and arrogant Liu Zongmin, the insidious and cunning Niu Jinxing, and the authoritarian and lustful Dorgon. . . .
These men whose weight was momentary and destined to be recorded in history were divided into three parties, writing a complicated and thrilling history. However, a Gone with the Wind suddenly appeared on this stage and immediately became the focus of this man's world. She played a role that all men could not play, causing the historical code to lose its balance and allowing these men to change without losing the opportunity and at any cost. Because of their own actions, the situation suddenly changed, changing their destiny and changing the history of China.
Chen Yuanyuan, this peerless beauty on the banks of the Qinhuai River, caused the mountains and rivers to change color, and the earth to collapse; the emperor's star fell, the overlord became a monk, and the heroes of the world fought for it; the lives were ruined, and the country and the city were ruined. . . . .
This is the comment on Chen Yuanyuan in most versions, but I personally agree with it: "The Chen family rose to fame because of the emperor, but also lost their talents and sentiments because of the emperor. The same is true with history, and the same is true without history." This statement.
I also appreciate the many rhetoric that vindicated Chen Yuanyuan.
After all, such a turbulent era cannot be changed by a woman. She only plays the role of "fueling the flames"! Just like Diao Chan, one of the "Four Beauties". I think Diao Chan is just an excuse for Lu Bu and Dong Zhuo, because only one of the two strong men can stay on the same platform, and the role of those beauties in ancient times is just a suitable reason. Moreover, there are also versions saying that Wu Sangui was originally the uncle of a historian in the Qing Dynasty. . There is no discussion of truth or falsehood here. . . . And I ranked Chen Yuanyuan in sixth place, just because she is a beauty that "powers the country and the city".
The seventh talented woman with red paper, the only one who will never live up to legend------Xue Tao
Xue Tao, a female poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Hongdu means Hongdu. A native of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), he was born in Chengdu. Xue Tao was beautiful in appearance and intelligent in nature. He was able to write poems at the age of 8, was well versed in music, had many talents, and was famous for a while.
After his family fell into decline, he fell into music at the age of 16 and began serving wine, composing poems, and playing and singing to entertain guests at the entertainment venue. He was called a "poetic performer". In the Tang Dynasty, there were many singing and dancing houses. For a weak woman, I don’t know whether the life in the singing and dancing house is a torment; I only know that "flowers bloom differently, and flowers fall differently."
Wei Gao, the governor of Jiannan, suppressed Shu. Cherishing Xue Tao's talents, he prepared to petition the court to let Xue Tao serve as the school secretary. Although it was not implemented, the name of "female school secretary" spread like wildfire and she became a famous camp actress in Chengdu.
If you want to know where you miss me, when the flowers bloom and fall," the song will float gently in your ears. Xue Tao is also known as the "talented man who sweeps his eyebrows". He retired to Huanhua Creek in the western suburbs of Chengdu and created "Xue Tao Jian", a small red eight-line paper. His calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, without any trace of rouge; the beauty of his calligraphy is quite worthy of Wang Xi's method. There are 5 volumes of "Jinjiang Collection", which are lost today. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" records one volume of his poems.
However, when she came to later generations of feudal literati, she suffered the humiliation of "frivolous peach blossoms chasing water".
"Jade chopsticks hanging in the mirror, do you know the spring breeze?" For me personally, I especially appreciate Xue Tao's talent, and it is a pity to be ranked second to Chen Yuanyuan.
Eighth place Ma Xianglan is outstanding in poetry and painting
Ma Xianglan, one of the eight beauties of Qinhuai in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was born in Jinling (now Nanjing). Her given name is Shouzhen, her courtesy name is Xianglan, her nickname is Xuan'er, and her nickname is Yuejiao. She is known as "Siniang".
She has a smart nature, is good at poetry and painting, and is especially good at painting orchid and bamboo, hence her nickname "Xianglan". Her orchid pictures and orchid poems were exquisite, and they were the pets that the literati at that time eagerly collected. He once wrote two volumes of poems in "Xianglanzi Collection". There is also a legendary script "The Legend of Three Lives", which is lost today.
Her paintings have always been regarded as treasures abroad, and now the Forbidden City in Beijing also collects Ma's orchid albums among the exquisite paintings and calligraphy.
As a brothel girl, Ma Xianglan had a life-and-death relationship for more than thirty years with Wang Zhideng, a famous scholar of the contemporary era. The letters she wrote to Wang Zhideng are all collected in "Slips of Celebrities of the Past". On Wang's 70th birthday, Ma raised funds to buy a boat with dozens of singing prostitutes and went to Suzhou to buy wine and celebrate his birthday. "They feasted for months and sang and danced till the end of the night." After returning home, he fell ill and finally forced himself to take a bath in order to worship the Buddha and pass away while sitting upright. , 57 years old.
Ma Xianglan's "presence and appearance are as usual" and she was famous at that time. She became famous in later generations and became one of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" famous in history. Her talent is evident.
I personally don’t know much about Ma Xianglan. Maybe there is less praise for her in the current era, probably because she has no involvement with the royal family. However, even though she was not too involved with the royal family or celebrities, she was recorded in many books, which shows that her talents were extraordinary. Ranking eighth is not an exaggeration.
The ninth famous Ji Rouchang in troubled times - Li Xiangjun
Li Xiangjun is the red girl in Meixiang Tower by the Qinhuai River. Meixiang Tower by the Qinhuai River belongs to that kind of comparison In high-end brothels, most of the girls in such brothels are entertainers and entertainers rather than prostitutes. Li Xiangjun is a typical example of this.
Li Xiangjun is petite and exquisite, with a complexion as white as jade. She is nicknamed "Fragrant Fan Pendant". Among the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, she is not as gorgeous and charming as Chen Yuanyuan, nor as outstanding in poetry and painting as Liu Rushi and Ma Xianglan, but according to legend As soon as the play "The Peach Blossom Fan" came out, "using the feelings of separation and reunion to describe the feelings of rise and fall," Xiangjun's reputation for loyalty and steadfastness was almost universally known, and he won the highest reputation among the Qinhuai people.
She is loyal to love and determined to keep her chastity for Hou Fangcheng; her loyalty and righteousness surpass those of men, and she sang openly in front of Ruan Dacheng, the powerful minister of the Wei Dynasty, "The adopted son of Yu will be reused, and he will never be the descendant of the Wei family." She would rather not Teach men to be ashamed. Its awe-inspiring righteousness is like a proud plum blossom in the cold winter, which is enough to rewrite Du Mu's famous saying "The merchant girl does not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but still sings the flowers in the backyard across the river"!
Although she is not as brave and resourceful as Liang Hongyu, and she is not inferior to women, but I personally admire her "awe-inspiring righteousness". Although she was not serving the country or the people, she dared to openly sing the line "I will re-use my adopted son, and I will never destroy the Wei family" in front of the powerful minister Wei. She can be regarded as one of the top ten famous prostitutes.
The tenth famous courtesan in the late Qing Dynasty who fell in love with the West and the East - Sai Jinhua
Han Jinhua was famous all over the country, and even attracted the attention of the West. She was a famous figure in the late Qing Dynasty. . Her marriages were mixed and mixed throughout her life, which was full of legend. From a coquettish and romantic prostitute, to the concubine of the number one scholar, to the wife of an imperial minister, and then to a famous prostitute in a brothel, she had many ups and downs.
The charm of Sai Jinhua is that when Cixi, a contemporary of Sai Jinhua, sat in the temple and let her ministers kneel before her three-inch feet during the day, Sai Jinhua continued to lie on her side to warm herself. The bed allowed these people to continue to prostrate themselves under her pomegranate skirt at night. Even Li Hongzhang, the "upper beam" in the country, was not spared, and you can imagine the "lower beam" in other yamen. Why did Dexiaofeng, the great feudal lord, fall in love with Sai Jinhua at first sight? How about Lishan, the Minister of Household Affairs, bought Sai Jinhua with a thousand taels of silver and said "the future will be long" and so on.
However, Sai Jinhua's most important lover was Lieutenant Waldersee of the German Army in Russia, whom she met when she was on a mission to four European countries with her first husband and champion Hong Jun. A few years later, when the then coalition commander Wade West led the Eight-Power Allied Forces to invade Beijing, Sai Jinhua used her old lover's identity to urge Wade West to improve discipline, stop soldiers from looting, and save a large number of lives and property of the people in Beijing. And the public security in Beijing has been maintained in good condition. So much so that there is a poem that says: "Nine cities are famous for their popularity, and thousands of people are vying to hear about Sai Jinhua." In addition, Sai Jinhua was particularly instrumental in the conclusion of the peace agreement at that time and the withdrawal of the Eight-Power Allied Forces from Beijing. As a result, it became clear that the changes in the political situation and the people's livelihood were not in the hands of the Gonggun princes, but in the hands of a prostitute. It is truly unprecedented and a wonder in the world.
Sai Jinhua married three people in her life: first to Hong Jun, the number one scholar in the Tongye period, then to Cao Ruizhong, the chief inspector of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, and finally to Wei Siling, a senator of the Republic of China government. After Wei Siling's death, he was expelled by the Wei family and lived in isolation for the rest of his life. He lived in misery for more than fifteen years.
After his death, people in his hometown raised funds for his funeral arrangements. This is true: "Saving souls from ruins, saving the country is like sinking, and one has no choice but to sacrifice one's appearance. His achievements are praiseworthy and his virtues are praiseworthy. There is no farmland to bear, no huts to stand on. To be so poor, to worry about dying of illness, and to have no children to cry, No girl came to cry."
Details of Sai Jinhua's deeds can also be found in books such as "Niehaihua" and "Caiyunqu".
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