First, the trend of logistics services
1. Globalization of logistics services. As far as the development trend of regionalization and globalization of logistics is concerned, 2 1 century is bound to be the era of globalization of logistics services, which is also the embodiment of "economic globalization and logistics without borders". The expansion of the geographical scope of logistics service is due to the change of production and operation mode of enterprises and the requirement of improving production efficiency and benefit. Many modern large enterprises have realized or are developing towards the separation of raw materials, processing and sales. In particular, the pace of global economic integration is accelerating. In order to obtain cheaper raw materials, achieve the lowest processing cost and obtain sales profits, the trend of separation between the three places is becoming more and more obvious, which makes the geographical scope of logistics flow expand at an extraordinary speed. At the same time, the large-scale application of modern science and technology in the field of transportation and information has greatly improved the communication ability and efficiency of factory logistics, which not only supports the expansion of logistics scope, but also makes the efficiency of logistics activities higher and higher. In 2002, the Dutch International Sales Committee (HIDC) published a report entitled "Global Logistics Industry-Service Prospect of Supply Chain", which pointed out that many large manufacturing departments are developing in the direction of "expanding enterprises". This refers to the so-called "expansion enterprise", which basically includes the integration of all service providers in the global supply chain. Get up and control with Lichuan's latest computer system. At the same time, the report believes that the manufacturing industry implements the "customized" service theory and constantly accelerates the globalization of its activities, which puts forward the demand for secondary sales (that is, "one ticket to the end" direct sales) for the global supply chain service industry. This kind of service requires an extremely flexible supply chain, forcing logistics service providers to adopt almost one solution-serving customers. According to the statistics of 1997 World Investment Report published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD), there are 44,000 parent companies and 280,000 subsidiaries and affiliated enterprises of multinational corporations, all over the world. The output value of these transnational corporations accounts for 20% of the world gross national product, controls the production of13 of the world, controls 70% of the world's foreign direct investment, 2/3 of the world trade, and more than 70% of patents and other technology transfer. They organize production and circulation activities all over the world, forming a huge global production and sales system. As the main body of global third-party logistics service demand, the globalization of multinational companies' business activities makes it difficult for regional logistics services to meet the needs of their global logistics integration operation, which inevitably requires third-party logistics service providers to have a global network to provide cross-border and global logistics services.
2. The integration trend of logistics services. Facing the increasingly fierce market competition and rapidly changing market demand, it has become the key to the survival and development of modern third-party logistics enterprises to provide customers with full logistics services, that is, the so-called "one-stop" integrated logistics services. The service of third-party logistics enterprises should pay more attention to the overall operation efficiency and benefit of customer logistics system, and the management and continuous optimization of customer supply chain will become its core service content. The development of integrated logistics business will realize the integration of land, sea and air transportation modes and the integration of various logistics functions, which is an important development direction of third-party logistics. The "mixed operation" of logistics enterprises ... shipping companies go ashore, freight forwarders go out to sea, act as agents for each other or expand their networks on a global scale, which accelerates the integration of logistics services or supply chain management markets.
Second, the connotation of strategic alliance
Traditional economics emphasizes competition among economic parties and often ignores cooperation. If competition can bring vitality and efficiency, then cooperation can bring harmony and efficiency. The analysis of modern economists shows that the efficiency of resolving disputes through cooperation is good. Peter, a world-famous American management scientist? Drucker pointed out in 1995 that the biggest change taking place in industry and commerce is not the emergence of enterprise relations based on ownership, but the acceleration of enterprise relations based on cooperative partnership. Enterprises in the 2 1 century are essentially different from those in the 20th century, that is, they use "networked and interdependent" companies to replace "vertically integrated" enterprises, and manage enterprises with openness, adaptability and honesty. Some western strategic management experts even say that 2 1 century is largely a competition among enterprise alliances.
The so-called strategic alliance, defined from the perspective of resource aggregation, refers to the behavior of participating enterprises pursuing the same interests according to the heterogeneity of their existing resources, the principle of mutual benefit and the complementarity of resources. Strategic alliance includes various forms, including cooperation between strong and weak enterprises, cooperation between strong and weak enterprises, cooperation between weak and weak enterprises, loose cooperation with non-equity participation and close cooperation with equity participation. In the past 10 years, among the top 2,000 companies in the world, strategic alliances have achieved a return on investment of nearly 17%, which is more than 50% of the return on investment of ordinary companies. A survey in 0998 found that 60% of American CEOs agree with strategic alliances, which is close to the acceptance rate of strategic alliances in Europe and Asia. This shows that strategic alliance, as a means to create value for enterprises, has been gradually recognized by the global enterprise management community.
Third, the strategic alliance of logistics enterprises
The strategic alliance of logistics enterprises refers to a long-term mutually beneficial agreement signed by two or more logistics enterprises to achieve specific strategic goals such as resource sharing and opening up new markets. The alliance enterprises share the agreed resources and capabilities. Due to the complexity of logistics service operation and the limited logistics resources of enterprises, it is often difficult for a single logistics service provider to meet the needs of globalization and integration of logistics services, to achieve effective control and management of logistics behavior as a whole, to achieve the value and business behavior of the whole logistics process, to achieve low-cost and high-quality logistics services, and to bring high satisfaction to customers. Through the strategic alliance with related logistics enterprises, logistics enterprises can use the logistics service resources of partner enterprises without large-scale capital investment, increase the variety of logistics services, expand the geographical coverage of logistics services, and provide customers with "one-stop" services integrating sea transportation, river transportation, road transportation and railway transportation, from shelf to shelf, realize a system to the end, enhance market share and competitiveness, and then sell from joint marketing. At present, this has become the development strategy of many logistics enterprises with certain strength. Logistics operators and researchers believe that the same cultural background, interdependence, effective and positive information communication, common business objectives and cohesion, technical complementarity and the joint efforts of senior management of both sides are the key factors for the success of strategic alliance of logistics enterprises.
Japanese logistics enterprises mainly integrate the logistics market by establishing strategic alliances and strengthen the integrated operation of logistics with North America and Europe. For example, in June of 5438+0999 and June of 5438+00, Seino, a Japanese transportation company with an annual income of $5.6 billion (1998) and 28,000 employees, signed a strategic alliance agreement with Schenker, the most European freight forwarder in Germany, and the two sides will cooperate in the global supply chain. On June 5438- 10, 2000, Itochu, a Japanese trading company, established a strategic alliance with GATX Logistics Company of the United States on the cooperation of logistics services in North America and Asia, as a breakthrough point to enter the third-party logistics market .56060.60066666665 GATX Logistics Company will provide supply chain support for its customers in North America on behalf of Itochu Trading Company, especially in the field of consumer electronic products, and both parties will jointly develop the operation of e-commerce.
In order to become a large international mail, express delivery and logistics service provider, some large European postal companies have made large-scale mergers and acquisitions in recent years, and are also trying to implement their plans by forming strategic alliances with other companies or postal administrations. For example, the parcel and logistics group company of France Post signed a new strategic cooperation agreement with FedEx, which came into effect on 200 1 1. According to this agreement, customers of France Post can enjoy FedEx's aviation network service. At the beginning of 2000, Finland Post formed a strategic alliance with DHL Global Express Company and launched a brand-new international express service, which enabled Finland Post customers to benefit from DHL international air express service network. Several other postal companies also claim that they have established joint ventures or reached strategic alliances with major companies in the world postal express market.