For an invention, the inventor must submit a patent application to the Patent Office, the competent government department, and the patent right can be obtained only after the Patent Office has reviewed and approved it in accordance with legal procedures. According to the provisions of patent laws in various countries, when filing a patent application, the inventor must describe the content of the invention and specify the scope of protection requested (claims). When necessary, drawings should be attached to explain the invention. For example, the U.S. Patent Law stipulates that when filing a patent application, an inventor must submit to the Patent Office: (1) Specification; (2) Drawing; (3) Oath or Declaration. . The most important of these is the instruction manual. According to U.S. law, the applicant's specification should include the title of the invention, a description of the invention, a description of the manner and method of making and using the invention, and the best mode (Best Mode) that the inventor believes to be used to implement the invention. . In the above circumstances, the applicant must disclose the information truthfully and to a degree sufficient to enable a person with general expertise to implement the invention. In addition, the applicant must clearly and specifically state the scope of patent protection he requires in the description. Since the content of the application is quite complex, it will often be rejected by the patent office if it does not meet the legal requirements. Therefore, inventors generally entrust a patent lawyer or patent agent to apply on their behalf. (1) Principles for granting patents: According to the basic principles of patent law, only one patent right can be granted for the same invention. When two or more people file patent applications for the same invention, there are two principles: one is the first-to-invent principle, and the other is the first-to-file principle. The first-to-invent principle means that if two or more people file patent applications for the same invention, the patent right should be awarded to the person who made the invention first, regardless of the time when they filed the patent application. However, because when adopting this principle, many practical difficulties are often encountered in determining who is the first inventor, therefore, currently only a few countries in the world, such as the United States, Canada and the Philippines, adopt this principle. The so-called first-to-file principle means that when two or more people file separate applications for the same invention, the patent right will be granted to the latest person regardless of the order in which they made the invention. The person who applies first is the principle adopted by our country and most countries in the world. (2) Patent examination procedures: Countries have different requirements for the examination of patent applications, and basically implement two different systems. Some countries implement a formal examination system, which only examines whether the form of the patent application meets the requirements of the law, but does not examine whether the invention meets substantive conditions such as novelty. Some countries implement a substantive examination system, which not only examines the form of the application, but also substantively examines whether the invention meets conditions such as novelty, advancement, and practicality. Only inventions that meet the above patent conditions will be granted patent rights. Our country and most countries in the world adopt the substantive examination system. Patent examination involves many complex scientific and technological issues. Examination agencies often have to consult decades of patent files around the world to determine whether a patent application is novel and therefore whether to grant a patent right. The task is very arduous. It often takes three to five years or even longer for an invention to file a patent application and be approved for patent rights. In order to solve this problem, many countries have implemented early disclosure and delayed review systems in recent years. This system is that from the date the applicant files a patent application, after a certain period of time (usually 18 months, also 18 months in my country), the patent agency will publish the application in the official "Patent Gazette"; Within a certain period of time after publication (generally ranging from 2 to 7 years, in my country it is 3 years), the applicant can decide whether to request a substantive review. If the applicant or any third party requires a substantive review, the applicant should After paying the prescribed examination fee, the patent agency will conduct a substantive examination based on the request of the applicant or a third party and decide whether to grant a patent right. If the applicant does not request substantive examination within the prescribed time limit, the patent application will be deemed to have been withdrawn.