a complete scientific paper should include title, abstract, keywords, content of the paper and references.
3.1 topics
topics are an essential part of scientific papers. It requires concise and appropriate phrases to reflect the specific content of the article, and the theme of the paper is clearly told to readers, and it has the function of making the finishing point and inspiring readers' interest. In general, the topic should include the main keywords of the article. The title is like a label, so it is forbidden to describe the content of the paper point by point with a long complete sentence of subject, predicate and object structure to ensure the "conciseness"; The requirement of "appropriateness" should be reflected in the pertinence, eye-catching and easy to read and remember. Of course, we should also avoid the so-called brevity and lack of retrievability that are too general or grandstanding, so that the name does not match the reality or cannot reflect the characteristics of each article. The title should be short, not very long, and generally should not exceed 2 Chinese characters.
3.2 Signature
The author's signature is an essential part of scientific papers. The author refers to the person who has made major contributions in whole or in part to the conception of the theme of the paper, the implementation of specific research work, writing and writing, etc., who can be responsible for defending the main contents of the paper, and is the legal right holder and responsible person of the paper. The number of signatories should not be too large. People who have consulted some of the contents involved in the paper, given some help or participated in routine services should not sign their names as authors, but they can indicate which part of the specific work they have participated in, or thank them for their contribution and labor by thanking them at the end of the paper. The authors of co-written papers should be arranged in the order of their contribution to the work of the paper. The author's name should be given in full, usually with his real name. At the same time, it should also give the unit where the author completed the research work or the work unit or mailing address where the author is located.
3.3 Abstract
Abstract is a necessary additional part of modern scientific papers, and only extremely short articles can be omitted. Abstract is a short article which aims at providing a summary of the contents of the document, and describes the important contents of the document concisely and accurately without comments and supplementary explanations, and should include the purpose, methods, results and conclusions. There are two ways to write abstracts: reporting abstracts-concise abstracts that indicate the subject scope and content outline of a document, also known as profiles; Indicative abstract-a concise abstract indicating the theme of a document and the nature and level of its achievements. In between are reports and indicative abstracts-the parts of a document with high information value are expressed in the form of reports, while the abstracts of the rest are expressed in the form of indicative abstracts. General scientific papers should be written as reportorial abstracts as far as possible, while articles that are comprehensive, informative or critical can be written as indicative or reportorial and indicative abstracts. Abstract can be written by the author himself or by the editor. When compiling, we should objectively and truthfully reflect a document; We should focus on reflecting the new ideas in the manuscript; Don't repeat what has become common sense in this subject field; Don't simply repeat the information already in the title; Writing should be grammatical and consistent with the style of the manuscript as far as possible; The structure should be rigorous, the expression should be concise and the semantics should be exact; Write in the third person. The number of words is generally around 3.
3.4 keywords
In order to facilitate readers to find documents from a vast number of books and periodicals, especially to meet the needs of computer automatic retrieval, 3-8 keywords should be given after the abstract. Choose keywords that can reflect the characteristics of the literature and have strong versatility. First of all, we should choose the normative words that are a robbery of human-like subject words.
3.5 Introduction
Introduction (preface, preface, overview) is often used as the beginning of scientific papers, mainly to answer the question "Why". It briefly introduces the background of scientific papers, the history and present situation of predecessors' research in related fields (sometimes called literature review), and the author's intention and analysis basis, including the pursuit goal, research scope, theory and technical scheme selection of scientific papers. The introduction should be concise, and should not be equated with the abstract, or become the annotation of the abstract.
3.6 Text
Text is the core part of scientific papers, which mainly answers the question "how to study". The text should fully explain the viewpoints, principles, methods and the whole process of achieving the expected goals, and highlight the word "new" to reflect the originality of scientific papers. According to the need, the paper can be deeply divided into layers, analyzed layer by layer, and set hierarchical titles according to layers. The writing of scientific papers does not require gorgeous words, but requires clear thinking, logic, concise and accurate language, lively and smooth; The content should be objective, scientific and complete, and the facts and data should be spoken as much as possible; Where it can be clearly stated in brief words, it should be stated in words. If it is not easy to make it clear in words or it is complicated to say, it should be stated by tables or figures. Physical quantities and units shall adopt legal units of measurement.
3.7 Conclusion
The conclusion is the final summary of the whole article. Conclusion is not a necessary part of scientific papers. Mainly to answer "What" (what). It should be based on the phenomena, data and analysis obtained from the experiment or investigation in the text, and thus point out completely, accurately and concisely: first, the principle and universality revealed by the results obtained from the investigation or experiment by the research object; Second, whether there are any exceptions found in the research or problems that are difficult to explain and solve in this paper; Third, the similarities and differences with previous published research work (including others or the author himself); Fourthly, the theoretical and practical significance and value of this paper; Fifth, suggestions for further in-depth study of this topic.
3.8 references
It is to provide readers with the sources of relevant materials cited in the paper to reflect the scientific basis of the manuscript and the author's respect for other people's research results, or to provide detailed texts of relevant contents mentioned in the paper without expansion in order to save space and facilitate narration. The references included in the paper should be limited to those publications that have been read by the author personally and cited in the paper, or other relevant archives, including patents and other documents.