Machine vision systems are generally composed of: machine vision light sources, optical lenses, industrial cameras, sensors, image analysis and processing software, communication interfaces, etc.
1. Light source: In current machine vision application systems, good light sources and lighting solutions are often the key to the success or failure of the entire system. The cooperation of light sources and lighting solutions should highlight the characteristics of objects as much as possible. There should be as clear a distinction as possible between the parts of the object that need to be detected and those that are not important. Among them, LED light sources are increasingly used in modern machine vision systems due to their many advantages
2. Optical lens: The optical lens is equivalent to the lens of the human eye and is very important in machine vision systems. The main performance indicators of the lens include focal length, aperture coefficient, magnification, interface, etc.
3. Camera: The camera is the most important part of the machine vision system to obtain original information. Currently, CMOS cameras and CCD cameras are mainly used. At present, CCD cameras are widely used in commercial and industrial fields due to their compactness, reliability, and high resolution.
4. Image acquisition card: In a PC-based machine vision system, the image acquisition card is an important device that controls the camera to take pictures, completes image acquisition and digitization, and coordinates the entire system.
5. Vision sensor: The PC-based machine vision system structure is not modular, is inconvenient to install, and has poor portability. In particular, it is troublesome to interface with PLCs widely used in industry. Considering both software and hardware development, a machine vision component that is more suitable for industrial needs is needed. At present, foreign countries have developed a modular component called a vision sensor. This kind of visual sensor integrates a light source, camera, image processor, standard control and communication interface, and becomes an intelligent image acquisition and processing unit. The internal program memory can store image processing algorithms, and can use a PC and use a dedicated configuration The software compiles various algorithms and downloads them to the program memory of the vision sensor. Vision sensors combine the flexibility of PCs, the reliability of PLCs, and distributed network technology. Machine vision systems can be more easily constructed using such vision sensors and PLCs.
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