Short-range missiles are missiles used to destroy tactical targets in campaigns. Its range is usually within 1000 km, and most of them are short-range missiles. It is mainly used to attack nuclear attack weapons, assembled troops, tanks, planes, ships, radars, command posts, airports, ports, railway hubs, bridges and other targets within the depth of enemy campaigns and tactics.
Weapon performance
Chinese name: short-range missile
Mbth: Short-range missile
Range:/kloc-within 0/000 km.
Features: high punctuality and strong pertinence.
kind
There are many kinds of short-range tactical missiles. There are ground-to-ground missiles, air-to-ground missiles, ship-to-ground missiles, anti-radar missiles and anti-tank missiles that attack ground targets;
Shore-to-ship missiles, air-to-ship missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, submarine missiles and anti-submarine missiles that attack water targets;
Ground-to-air missiles, ship-to-air missiles and air-to-air missiles that attack air targets. These missiles are powered by solid rocket engines, liquid rocket engines and various jet engines.
The warheads (warheads) of tactical missiles include ordinary charge warheads, nuclear warheads and chemical and biological warfare agents warheads. Since 1950s, conventional tactical missiles have been widely used in many local wars and become one of the important weapons in modern wars.
China missile
The first short-range surface-to-surface missile
While attaching importance to the improvement of conventional weapons, the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, with great courage and confidence, decided to develop missile nuclear weapons and strive to make China occupy a place in the world high-tech field.
As early as 1955 and 1 year, the enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat of China, chaired by Mao Zedong, made a strategic decision to develop China's atomic energy industry and nuclear weapons. At the same time, the meeting appointed Chen Yun, Nie and Bo Yibo to form a three-person team to take charge of the leadership of atomic energy development.
On March 6th, 2004, Zhou Enlai held a meeting and made a major decision to develop China's missile industry.
1956 In April, Mao Zedong pointed out in "On Ten Major Relationships": "We don't have an atomic bomb yet. However, in the past, we didn't have planes and cannons. We defeated Japanese imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek with millet and rifles. We are stronger now than in the past and will be stronger in the future, not only with more planes and cannons, but also with atomic bombs. In today's world, if we are not bullied by others, we cannot do without this thing. "
The focus of national defense science and technology development began to shift to the technical aspects of breaking through the atomic bomb and missile "two bombs", and the relevant departments immediately started to mobilize specialized personnel and set up some scientific research institutions.
1958 1 year1October 3 1 day The Central Military Commission approved the 10 National Defense Science and Technology Research Work Plan formulated by the General Staff in 1957 (1958-/kloc The outline pointed out that the Army's scientific and technological research work should focus on medium-range missiles and air defense missiles, their fission and the manufacture of polymer materials, and carry out scientific research on conventional weapons and operational support equipment of the three armed forces.
In order to strengthen the leadership of national defense science and technology research, the Aviation Industry Committee of the Ministry of National Defense of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on April 3, 1956, which is responsible for the development of missile and aviation industry. At the same time, the Equipment Planning Department of the General Staff Department set up a scientific research department, which is responsible for planning the scientific research work of conventional weapons and equipment.
1958, the Fifth Ministry of Defence with Wan Yi as the minister was established to lead the formation of special forces. The People's Republic of China (PRC) Commission of Science and Technology for National Defense (hereinafter referred to as the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense), with Nie as the director and Chen Geng as the deputy director, was established to be responsible for the unified leadership of national defense science and technology research under the leadership of the Central Military Commission.
1959 In April, the Fifth Ministry of National Defense was merged into the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. 1959 12 the central military commission established the national defense industry commission, with He Long as its director.
In order to strengthen the test, in September 1955 and 10, the scientific and technical personnel, cadres and soldiers of a missile launch test base of the People's Liberation Army used domestic propellants to successfully and accurately launch Soviet-made ballistic surface-to-surface missiles.
This is the first short-range ballistic missile launched by China. All kinds of engineering facilities and supporting equipment were comprehensively inspected, and the organization, command, technical operation and service support capabilities of China's first missile test team were trained and assessed, which opened the first page in the history of launching short-range surface-to-surface missiles in China.
Subsequently, 1654381at 9: 00 on October 5, the first short-range surface-to-surface missile made in China was successfully launched at a missile test and training base. Nie Rongzhen, who presided over the experiment, happily announced: "Since then, we have our own missiles." . On February 6th, 16 and 16, two more missiles were successfully launched, of which 1 was a telemetry bomb, and relatively complete telemetry data was obtained for the first time. It has accumulated experience for developing medium-range missiles.
Dongfeng-12
Dongfeng-12 tactical ballistic missile was installed in China's Second Artillery Corps. The export model of the missile is M-20 with a range of about 280 kilometers.
Each M-20 tactical missile vehicle is equipped with two box-type storage and transportation missiles, which are carried by an 8×8 truck as a vertical launch vehicle (TEL), and its shortest response time is 12 minutes.
The website of Jane's Defense Weekly reported on August 6 that the M-20/ Dongfeng-12 missile is about 7.8 meters long, 0.75 meters in diameter and weighs 4 tons, and can carry a warhead weighing 480 kilograms. The open range of the bomb is 100 ~ 280 km, but the actual range may exceed 300 km, and the range of the extended-range version used in China may reach 420 km. The missile adopts inertial/global positioning system composite guidance, and the error is said to be less than 30 meters. Using optional terminal guidance system can further reduce the error.
After the Dongfeng-12 missile is launched on the inclined tank, it can quickly change from inclined trajectory to vertical trajectory, and continuously climb to sub-high altitude trajectory. Enter the level flight state in the middle of the flight, and then climb again, with a maximum flight altitude of 50 kilometers; At the end of the flight, reduce the altitude, re-enter the atmosphere until it approaches the attacked target, and then turn into a nearly vertical dive trajectory.
This means that the missile changes its trajectory through two climbs, not a single flying state of throwing arc, but the traditional "ballistic missile" refers to the object in flying state of throwing arc.
American missile
SRAM is the abbreviation of "short-range attack missile". With a range of 160 km, SRAM is an excellent air-to-surface missile.
1964 the us air force proposed to develop SRAM. 1966 10 Boeing was selected as the main contractor for development. 1976 1969 In February, the non-powered launch test of SRAM was started with B-52 bomber, and the powered flight test was started in July. 1969.
1In April, 970, SRAM was launched from FB-11,and the test went smoothly. Originally planned to launch 39 SRAM, only 38 SRAM were actually used. 1971July FB-11push out 18, B-52 push out 20. The first batch of production orders were accepted from 197 1 year 1 month, and delivered from1March, 972.
FB- 1 1 1 can carry up to 6 SRAM, 2 bomb bays in the fuselage and 4 under the wing. B-52V/H can carry 20 SRAM, because Boeing has developed a special rotary transmitter for SRAM.
The rotary launcher is installed in the bomb bay of the B-52 bomber. In addition to the launcher, the bomb bay can also accommodate four free-dropping atomic bombs. Eight SRAM are radially installed around the central rotating shaft of the rotating launcher, which can launch missiles while rotating. This kind of launcher is commonly called revolver launcher (because it is similar to the structure of revolver magazine). The B-52G/H bomber also hung six SRAMo on the inside of the main wing.
1In July, 975, Boeing delivered the last batch of SRAM to the Air Force. 65,438+0,500 missiles have only been produced for three years, and the output is considerable. Excluding the nuclear warheads distributed by the government, each missile is worth $600 thousand.