Cholesterol is divided into two types: high-density cholesterol and low-density cholesterol. The former has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and is often called "good cholesterol". If the latter is high, the risk of coronary heart disease will increase. , often called "bad cholesterol."
Excessive cholesterol intake can cause hypercholesterolemia, which can lead to so-called "diseases of wealth" such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
American researchers reported on the 17th that their experiments with laboratory mice showed that high blood cholesterol levels will accelerate the growth of prostate cancer.
Controlling elevated cholesterol levels not only reduces the risk of heart disease but may also help stave off kidney disease such as kidney failure, a large-scale study shows.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, USA, studied 4,483 healthy men. Creatinine testing confirmed that none of these men had any kidney disease at the beginning of the experiment. Follow-up results after 14 years found that , for those with higher total cholesterol values ??and lower HDL cholesterol values, their creatinine values ??were significantly more than twice as likely to rise during this period, indicating that they were developing kidney failure. The risk of nephropathy is significantly increased. In addition, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of these people usually shows a corresponding decrease, and the decrease in GFR itself also means that the kidneys' filtering function of poisons or metabolic wastes in the body is abnormal.
Researchers suggest that controlling abnormal cholesterol levels in healthy people through a healthy diet may help keep the kidneys normal, while people at risk for kidney dysfunction and abnormally high cholesterol should discuss the use of lipid-lowering drugs with their doctors. .
The Asia-Pacific Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Survey shows that for every unit (1mmol/L) increase in cholesterol in Asians, the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increases by 35%, and the risk of blood vessel-related strokes also increases. Increase by 25%.
According to research, men with high cholesterol live four to nine years shorter than those with low cholesterol. Researchers observed participants for as little as 16 years and as long as 34 years.
Cholesterol is known to block or narrow the arteries leading to the heart, a leading cause of heart disease in both men and women.
News on August 18, 2005: The German Nursing Home Association recently called on people to reduce blood cholesterol levels through a diverse diet and appropriate exercise, because if the blood cholesterol levels are high, it will increase Increased risk of arteriosclerosis, which may even lead to stroke.
It’s no secret that high cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease, but a new study shows that high cholesterol can also have adverse effects on bone health.
In a study of menopausal women, Italian researchers found that women with higher levels of bad cholesterol were more likely to develop osteoporosis than women with normal cholesterol levels. Just higher.
Although this finding does not prove that high cholesterol causes osteoporosis, the findings provide clues as to why cholesterol-lowering drugs statins can prevent osteoporosis.
Dental disease prevention experts from Okayama University in Japan have proven through animal experiments that excessive intake of cholesterol can lead to periodontal disease. This is because with a large intake of cholesterol, the gaps between teeth and gums will expand, and the cells that prevent bacteria from entering the gaps will lose their function. Bacteria can enter the gaps and cause periodontal disease. Severe periodontal disease can eventually lead to tooth loss. Most people with high cholesterol suffer from periodontal disease, but in the past people did not know that cholesterol could cause periodontal disease, but now animal experiments have confirmed this. Experts point out that the other two major causes of periodontal disease are smoking and diabetes.
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There are two units for measuring cholesterol, one is mmol /L, total cholesterol measurement of 5.2mmol/L or below is considered normal.
The other unit is mg/dl, and a total cholesterol measurement of less than 200 mg/dl is considered normal.
The medical community believes that in order to lower cholesterol, one should also reduce the intake of some high-cholesterol foods, especially heart, liver and other animal offal. The principle is to eat no more than three or four eggs per week, especially try to eat as little egg yolk as possible, including various fish eggs, crab roe, etc.
Vegetable oil should be used for cooking oil. In addition, the amount of sugar must also be limited. It is best to prohibit the consumption of pure sugar foods or drinks. Try to eat less whole milk, chocolate milk, cream and various cheeses, and eat more skimmed milk and soy milk.
In terms of meat, you should avoid eating fatty meat, pig skin, hooves, sausages, and all kinds of oily beef, mutton, and pork. For seafood, shrimp, crab, clams, and oysters should be avoided.
In addition, only eat a small amount of various exquisite desserts such as cakes and chocolates. Various animal fats and coconut oils should be avoided and replaced with margarine and vegetable oils.
Cholesterol-free foods
There are actually many cholesterol-free foods in the daily diet, including hard-shell fruits, such as almonds and walnuts; grains, protein, and fruit jams , jelly; in addition, there are vegetables, peanuts, peanut butter, vegetable oils and margarine, gluten, beans and soy milk, tofu and other soy products. Especially eat more fruits. Fruits contain pectin, which can also lower cholesterol.
In recent years, many reports have shown that eating oats can also lower cholesterol. Many studies show that oats are just as effective as beans, and adding two to three cups of oatmeal a day to a low-fat diet can lower cholesterol better than just eating a healthy diet.
Other foods that are good for lowering cholesterol include carrots and raw garlic. Many studies in the past have shown that consuming large amounts of raw garlic can reduce harmful blood fats. In addition to diet, regular exercise and weight control can help reduce cholesterol in the body.
Precautions for hypertension
Precautions for hypertension include the following points: (1) Reasonable diet; (2) Moderate exercise; (3) Smoking cigarettes and limiting alcohol; ( 4) Psychological balance; (5) Self-management; (6) Seek medical treatment on time.
1. Reasonable diet
1. The importance of diet for high blood pressure: Food is the most important thing for people. A reasonable diet can keep you neither fat nor thin, and your cholesterol will not be high. Not low.
2. Dietary taboos for patients with hypertension:
①Carbohydrate foods:
Suitable foods---rice, porridge, noodles, noodles , arrowroot starch, soup, taro, soft beans.
Foods that should be avoided---sweet potatoes (foods that cause abdominal gas), dried beans, and strong-flavored biscuits.
②Protein foods---beef, lean pork, white meat fish, eggs, milk, dairy products (fresh cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), soy products (tofu, natto, soybean powder , fried tofu)
Foods that should be avoided---fatty foods (beef, pig belly, ribs, whale, herring, tuna, etc., processed products (sausage)
③Fatty foods
Suitable foods---vegetable oil, a small amount of cream, salad dressing
Foods that should be avoided---animal oil, raw lard, bacon, sardines in oil
④ Vitamin and mineral foods
Suitable foods---Vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily roots, pumpkins, eggplants, cucumbers) Fruits (apples , oranges, pears, grapes, watermelon)
Seaweed and fungi should be cooked before eating.
Foods that should be avoided---vegetables with hard fiber (burdock, bamboo shoots, beans)
vegetables with strong irritation (spicy vegetables, coriander, mustard greens, onions, mustard greens) )
⑤Other foods
Suitable foods---Lightly fragrant tea, yeast milk drinks
Foods that should be avoided---Spices (chili, curry) powder)
Alcoholic beverages, salted food (vegetables, caviar)
Pickles, coffee
3 Dietary considerations that patients with hypertension should pay attention to Habits
① First, control energy intake. It is recommended to eat complex sugars, such as starch and corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose. These sugars are simple sugars and can easily cause an increase in blood lipids.
② Limit fat intake. When cooking, use vegetable oil and eat more marine fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thereby lowering plasma cholesterol. It can also prolong the aggregation of platelets, inhibit thrombosis, and prevent stroke. It also contains more linoleic acid. It has a certain effect on increasing the elasticity of capillaries, preventing blood vessel rupture, and preventing complications of hypertension.
③ Eat protein in moderation. The daily protein amount for patients with hypertension is 1g per kilogram of body weight. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thereby lower blood pressure. If hypertension is combined with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited.
④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplants, kelp, and lettuce. Foods high in calcium: milk, kefir, dried shrimps. Eat less broth, because the increase in nitrogen-containing extracts in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver, and kidneys.
⑤ Limit salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g per day. That is, after removing the rubber pad from an ordinary beer cap, one flat cap of salt is about 6g. This amount refers to the total amount of table salt, including cooking salt and sodium contained in other foods. Properly reducing sodium intake can help lower blood pressure and reduce sodium and water retention in the body.
⑥ Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 taels of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 taels of fruits every day.
⑦ Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as kelp, seaweed, seafood fish, etc.
2. Moderate exercise
The importance of exercise for high blood pressure: There is a saying: "When you are young, exchange health for money; when you are old, exchange exercise for health." In addition to exercise It can promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, and enhance the occurrence of muscle, bone and joint stiffness. Exercise can increase appetite, promote gastrointestinal motility, prevent constipation, and improve sleep. Have the habit of continuous exercise: It is best to do aerobic exercise, which will help. Aerobic exercise, like walking, jogging, Tai Chi, cycling and swimming, can lower blood pressure just like weight loss.
1. Precautions for exercise:
① Do not overdo it or do it too hard or too tired. Take a step-by-step approach to increase the amount of activity.
② Pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: In summer: avoid the time when the sun is shining brightly at noon; in winter: keep warm and prevent strokes.
③ Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbent clothes: It is necessary to choose cotton clothing, sports shoes, etc.
④ Choose a safe place: such as a park or school, not in an alley or on the side of the road.
⑤ When exercising, do not fast to avoid hypoglycemia. Exercise should be done 2 hours after a meal.
2. Taboos about exercise
① Stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable
② Do not exercise when you are hungry or one hour after a meal
③ Do not stop immediately during exercise and follow the steps of the exercise program
④ If you feel any discomfort during exercise, you should stop immediately
Three quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
Smoking can cause high blood pressure. Studies have shown that after smoking a cigarette, the heart rate increases by 5-20 beats per minute, and the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25mmhg.
Why is this? Because the nicotine (nicotine) contained in tobacco leaves excites the central nervous system and sympathetic nerves, increases the heart rate, and also prompts the adrenal glands to release a large amount of catecholamines, which constricts the arterioles and increases blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates chemoreceptors in blood vessels, reflexively causing an increase in blood pressure. Long-term heavy smoking can also promote atherosclerosis of large arteries, the intima of small arteries gradually thickens, and the entire blood vessel gradually hardens. At the same time, because the carbon monoxide hemoglobin content in the blood of smokers increases, the oxygen content of the blood is reduced, causing hypoxia in the arterial intima, and the oxygen content of the fat in the arterial wall is increased, accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, quitting smoking for people without high blood pressure can prevent the occurrence of high blood pressure, and people with high blood pressure should quit smoking.
Compared with smoking, the health benefits and disadvantages of drinking alcohol are controversial. Various reports appear from time to time, some saying that drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial, and some saying that it is harmful, but one thing is certain, drinking a lot of alcohol is definitely harmful. High concentrations of alcohol can cause arteriosclerosis and aggravate high blood pressure.
IV. Psychological balance
The psychological manifestations of patients with hypertension are nervousness, irritability, and emotional instability, which are all triggers of elevated blood pressure. Patients can develop good adaptability to the natural environment and society by changing their behavior, avoid emotional excitement, excessive tension, and anxiety, and be calm and composed when encountering problems; when they are under great mental pressure, they should find ways to release it and ask friends , relatives talk or encourage you to participate in relaxed and enjoyable leisure activities, devote your spirit to music or express your feelings to flowers, so that you can live in the best state and maintain stable blood pressure.
Five self-management
1. Measure blood pressure regularly, at least once every 1-2 weeks
2. In the treatment of hypertension, we should adhere to the "three hearts". That is confidence, determination, and perseverance. Only by doing this can we prevent or delay damage to important organs of the body
3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly and do not reduce or stop taking them at will. You can do so under the guidance of a doctor and Make adjustments to the current condition to prevent blood pressure rebound
4. If conditions permit, you can bring your own blood pressure monitor and learn to self-measure blood pressure
5. In addition to taking appropriate medications, you must also Pay attention to the balance between work and rest, pay attention to diet, exercise appropriately, maintain emotional stability, and get enough sleep.
6. The elderly should not lower their blood pressure too hastily. Blood pressure should be controlled at 140-159mmhg to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
7. Prevent orthostatic hypotension in the elderly and those taking noradrenergic nerve ending blocking drugs
8. There is no need to strictly prohibit sexual life: pay attention to the following situations , it is not advisable to have sex ① Do not have sex immediately afterward ② Sexual life should be prohibited after drinking ③ If you have dizziness, chest tightness, etc., stop having sex and seek medical attention in time.
See a doctor on time
① After taking the medicine ② High or low blood pressure, large fluctuations in blood pressure ③ Dizziness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, If you have impaired consciousness, difficulty breathing, or weakness in your limbs, go to the hospital for medical treatment immediately. If the condition is serious, please call 120 emergency center.