Hyperlipidemia is closely related to "eating", but pharmacists think it is not just "eating". Hyperlipidemia is not a patent for fat people, and thin people may also have hyperlipidemia, so you can't judge a book by its cover.
For "eating goods", keeping silent is like a kind of torture. In addition to diet, other daily lifestyles will also affect the changes of blood lipids, such as smoking and lack of exercise. So how does hyperlipidemia harm the human body?
The harm of hyperlipidemia to human body is divided into three steps.
The first step is to "drill into" the blood vessel wall. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking and other factors will lead to intimal injury. At this time, if the low-density lipoprotein in the blood increases, it may "drill into" the blood vessel wall through the damaged intima and slowly deposit in the blood vessel wall.
The second step is "deposition" into a patch. Low-density lipoprotein deposited in the vascular wall "mutates" after combining with other substances, accumulates in the arterial wall to form atherosclerotic plaques, and protrudes into the vascular lumen, which will aggravate the stenosis of the vascular lumen.
The third step is the occurrence of diseases or events. There are stable and unstable plaques. Stable plaque is not easy to rupture, but it will inevitably lead to vascular stenosis and still lead to coronary heart disease, cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction. Once the unstable plaque is ruptured, platelets will attach to the rupture site to form thrombus, and once the blood vessels are blocked, it can cause acute myocardial infarction, cerebral embolism and sudden death.
It can be seen that lowering blood lipid can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that for every 65,438+0 mmol/L reduction in human plasma cholesterol, the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by 265,438+0%, and patients who have received percutaneous coronary intervention can also benefit from actively taking lipid-lowering drugs.
80% of the cholesterol in the human body comes from the metabolism in the body, and the remaining 20% is completely eaten by us, so it is of great significance to control the cholesterol in the body.
Cholesterol plays an important physiological role, but it is harmful for patients with hyperlipidemia to exceed the normal level. It is found that the more serious the serum total cholesterol level exceeds the standard, the greater the risk of atherosclerosis and the earlier the time, the higher the probability of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke.
In what form do these lipids exist in blood vessels? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Cholesterol is divided into two types, among which low density lipoprotein LDL (bad cholesterol) is an important part of fatty plaque in atherosclerotic plaque.
High-density cholesterol HDL (good cholesterol), like a scavenger, can penetrate the intima of artery, remove the cholesterol deposited in it and take it out of the vascular wall, repair the damaged cells of vascular endothelium and restore vascular elasticity. Controlling blood lipids is mainly aimed at low-density lipoprotein, and naturally the less the better.
The latest guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia issued by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Atherosclerosis (EAS) point out that for extremely high-risk patients such as acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should be reduced to below 1.8 MMO 1/L, that is, 32.4mg/dL, or more than 50% lower than the original baseline.
The details will win or lose: many patients come to the hospital for reexamination and find that the blood lipid test is normal, so they will doubt whether they can stop taking drugs. Here I want to tell you a truth: eat as long as you want!
The factors that cause dyslipidemia will affect blood lipids for a long time. When the blood lipid drops to the expected level, the doctor may instruct the patient to reduce the dose appropriately instead of stopping the drug.
No lipid-lowering drug can achieve the effect of "once and for all". Blind withdrawal of drugs or improper reduction will lead to a rebound in blood lipids. At this time, if the patient gets sick, the effect of the second treatment will be difficult to guarantee.
Long-term adherence to medication will not only help to improve the blood lipid index, but also greatly reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially for patients after stent implantation.
In a word, the best way to cure a disease is to stay away from the inducing factors of the disease from the beginning. So are myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. It is necessary to eradicate hyperlipidemia from the source. Reducing the high risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as much as possible is very beneficial to middle-aged and elderly people. I hope it's not too late for everyone from now on.