Keywords: ways and means of transforming scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities
Today, the world is in the era of knowledge economy, and the economy is gradually realizing global integration. Modern science and technology education plays a leading role in social life and economic development. The economic strength, comprehensive national strength, quality of life, international competitiveness and position in the world political structure of a country or nation all depend on the development of science and technology, especially the development of high and new technology. Science and technology education has become a national development strategy such as rejuvenating the country through science and education, intellectual property rights, innovative country development, and strengthening the military through science and technology. As the main force of building an innovative country, colleges and universities play an important role. As an important part and concrete implementer of national development strategy, colleges and universities are the source and knowledge base of knowledge innovation. The functions of colleges and universities are talent cultivation, scientific research, social service, cultural guidance and cultural harmony. Among them, scientific research is the core competitiveness of colleges and universities, and it is also the key link of their running level and quality. Without high-level scientific research, there will be no high-quality personnel training, and the ability to serve local and economic and social development will be difficult to achieve. The purpose of scientific research in colleges and universities is to produce high-level scientific research achievements, and the foothold of scientific research achievements is to transform them into practical productive forces, realize the pilot test, industrialization, commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and promote sound and rapid economic and social development. Therefore, combined with the actual work of scientific and technological management in colleges and universities, I made a beneficial discussion on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.
1. Expression forms of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities
The so-called scientific and technological achievements refer to the knowledge products with some recognized academic or economic value obtained by people through complex intellectual labor in scientific and technological activities. In the Measures for the Administration of Scientific and Technological Research Achievements of China Academy of Sciences, "scientific and technological achievements" are defined as: scientific and technological achievements refer to the creative achievements of a scientific and technological research subject that have certain academic significance or practical value through observation experiments, trial-production or dialectical thinking activities.
Scientific and technological achievements refer to scientific and technological achievements that have been recognized by legal organs (generally referring to the administrative department of science and technology) and proved to be advanced, mature and applicable in a certain range, and can achieve good economic, social or ecological environmental benefits. Their connotations are basically consistent with intellectual property rights and proprietary technology, and they are an indispensable part of intangible assets.
Basic characteristics of scientific and technological achievements: ① Novelty and advancement: Compared with the existing similar scientific and technological achievements, there are no new ideas, new technical characteristics or more advanced, and they cannot be regarded as new scientific and technological achievements. ② Practicality and repeatability: Practicality includes conforming to scientific laws, having implementation conditions and meeting social needs. Repeatability can be reused or verified by others. (3) It has independent and complete contents and forms of existence, such as new products, new processes, new materials and scientific and technological reports. ④ Confirmation through certain forms: social confirmation through patent examination, expert appraisal, testing, evaluation or market.
The Measures for the Administration of Scientific and Technological Research Achievements of China Academy of Sciences divides scientific and technological achievements into basic research achievements, applied research achievements and development work achievements according to the nature of research; In statistics and analysis, it can also be divided into scientific theoretical achievements and applied technical achievements.
Scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities can be divided into nine categories in terms of composition and forms of expression: ① technical schemes (new products and new processes); ② New design; (3) Technical secrets; (4) process drawings; ⑤ Computer software; 6 papers; ⑦ integrated circuit; 8 biological species; Pet-name ruby scientific discovery.
2. Ways to transform scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities
The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities refers to the subsequent experiments, development, application and popularization of scientific and technological achievements with practical value produced by scientific research and technological development in order to improve the productivity level, until new products, new processes and new materials are formed and new industries are developed. The concept of transformation of scientific and technological achievements can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in a broad sense should include the application of various achievements, the improvement of workers' quality, the strengthening of skills and the increase of efficiency. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in a broad sense refers to the transfer of scientific and technological achievements from the place of creation to the place of use, so that the quality, skills or knowledge of workers in the place of use are increased, labor tools are improved, labor efficiency is improved, and economic development is achieved. In a narrow sense, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements actually refers to the transformation of technological achievements, that is, innovative technological achievements are transferred from scientific research units to production departments, thereby increasing new products, improving processes, improving efficiency and ultimately improving the economy. What we usually call the transformation of scientific and technological achievements mostly refers to this narrow transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which refers to the proportion of the application number of technological achievements to the total number of technological achievements.
Promoting the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements has become a new trend of scientific and technological policies in all countries of the world. At present, there are two main ways to transform scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities: direct way and indirect way. Direct transformation of scientific and technological achievements: ① scientific and technological personnel in colleges and universities set up their own enterprises; (2) Universities and enterprises carry out cooperation or contract research, establish a research and development platform, and directly transform research technologies and achievements; (3) developing talent exchange between universities and enterprises; ④ Network platform for school-enterprise communication. Indirect transformation of scientific and technological achievements: indirect transformation of scientific and technological achievements is mainly carried out through various intermediaries. There are various types of institutions and activities. ① Implementing the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through specialized agencies; (two) through the establishment of scientific and technological achievements transformation institutions in colleges and universities to implement the transformation; (3) Carry out transformation activities of scientific and technological achievements through scientific and technological consulting companies.
3. Methods of transforming scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities
The difficulty and low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities have always been the bottleneck of the virtuous circle development of scientific and technological work in colleges and universities. The reasons and constraints are quite complicated. Generally speaking, there are reasons for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, as well as external environmental conditions (equipment, labor quality, capital, market demand, etc.). ), specifically, there are governments, enterprises, colleges (scientific research institutions) and science and technology intermediaries.
3. 1 Strengthen government functions and strengthen policy guidance. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is a complex systematic project and a risky undertaking. Without government support and government funding, it is difficult for a single individual or enterprise to do it. In order to make the scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities transform rapidly, the government should first strengthen guidance and formulate corresponding policies. At present, the policies promulgated in China include: the Law on Scientific and Technological Progress, the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, the Patent Law, the Interim Measures for the Management of Venture Capital Enterprises, the Interim Measures for the Management of Venture Capital Guidance Funds for Small and Medium-sized Sci-tech Enterprises, the Notice on Preferential Income Tax Policies for Enterprises' Technological Innovation, the Notice on Tax Policies for National University Science Park, the Notice on Tax Policies for Incubators of Sci-tech Enterprises, the Guiding Opinions of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense on Further Promoting the Transfer of Civil Technology to Military, and the Notice on Printing and Distributing Some Policies for Supporting Technological These policies need to be constantly revised and improved to better encourage technological innovation and promote technology transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.