Information is generally divided into natural information and artificial information.
Natural information is information that reflects the material characteristics and phenomena in nature, including biological information and physical information.
Artificial information refers to the information produced, processed and sent by human beings in social practice. Include not only information reflecting human activities and social development, but also natural information received and decoded by human beings.
Knowledge:
Knowledge is the understanding of the nature and movement law of objective things obtained by human beings in the social practice of understanding and transforming the world.
In life, production, scientific research and other activities, we receive, select and process information from objective things through the brain, gain an understanding of the general characteristics of things, and form concepts.
In the process of repeated practice and understanding, the human brain has deepened its understanding of the nature of things by judging, reasoning and synthesizing related concepts, thus forming knowledge in people's minds.
Intelligence:
The concept of intelligence has different connotations in different historical periods.
1, people initially thought that intelligence was a report on the enemy during wartime;
2. From 19 to 1950s, intelligence was regarded as a series of knowledge.
3. Since the late 20th century, intelligence has been regarded as valuable knowledge or information collected by people for a certain purpose.
As the famous scientist Qian Xuesen said: "Intelligence is activated knowledge", that is, knowledge used.
Literature:
China promulgated the "People's Republic of China (PRC) National Standard Document Description Rules" (GB 3792,438+0-83) to define the document as follows:
Literature is the carrier of all records of knowledge and information.
The relationship among information, knowledge, intelligence and literature is as follows:
Extended data:
Information: The word information refers to information in English, French, German and Spanish, information in Japanese, information in Taiwan Province Province and ancient news in China. As a scientific term, it first appeared in the article "Information Transmission" written by Hatle in 1928. In the 1940s, C.E.Shannon, the founder of information, gave a clear definition of information. Since then, many researchers have given different definitions from their respective research fields.
Knowledge: knowledge is also the result of human's understanding of the objective world (including human itself) in practice, which includes the description of facts and the information or skills obtained in education and practice. Knowledge is the systematic knowledge obtained by human beings from various channels through promotion, summary and conciseness. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology, and the acquisition of knowledge involves many complicated processes: feeling, communication and reasoning. Knowledge can also be regarded as the most fundamental factor that constitutes human wisdom. Knowledge is consistent and fair, and truth should be judged by logic, not by position.
Intelligence: refers to the transmitted knowledge or facts, is the reactivation of knowledge, and is the specific knowledge and information needed to solve specific problems in scientific research and production by using certain media (carrier) and passing it to specific users across space and time.
Literature: Knowledge with historical value and research value recorded on a certain carrier by certain methods and means and using a certain meaning expression and recording system. The so-called literature, literature, refers to written materials and manuscripts about laws and regulations, and refers to people who are familiar with their stories. The basic elements of literature are:
1, knowledge with historical value and research value;
2. A carrier;
3. Some methods and means;
4. A kind of meaning expression and recording system.
People usually understand that literature refers to the sum of knowledge recorded in books, periodicals and laws.
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