How to write a business plan and examples
1. A business plan
It is a written summary of the business that the entrepreneur plans to create.
It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and element characteristics related to the proposed enterprise, and provides an indicator for business development and a standard for measuring business progress.
Usually a business plan is a combination of marketing, finance, production, human resources and other functional plans.
Questions to consider when writing a good business plan:
(1) Pay attention to the product
(2) Dare to compete
(3) ) Understand the market
(4) State the course of action
(5) Show your management team
(6) Excellent plan summary
2. Contents of the business plan
Generally speaking, the business plan should include the type of business, capital planning and fund sources, allocation ratio of total funds, stage goals, and financial estimates. , marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, motivation for starting a business, shareholder list, scheduled number of employees, the specific content generally includes the following eleven aspects:
(1) Cover
Cover design It must be aesthetic and artistic. A good cover will make the reader have an initial good impression and form a good first impression.
(2) Plan summary
It is the essence of the condensed business plan.
The plan summary covers the key points of the plan to make it clear at a glance so that readers can review the plan and make judgments in the shortest possible time.
The plan summary generally includes the following content:
Company introduction;
Managers and their organizations;
Main products and business scope;
Market overview;
Marketing strategy;
Sales plan;
Production management plan;
Financial plan ;
Funding requirements, etc.
The abstract should be as concise and vivid as possible. In particular, you should explain the differences of your own company and the market factors for its success.
(3) Company Introduction
The purpose of this part is not to describe the entire plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate a company's strategic goals.
(4) Industry analysis
In industry analysis, the basic characteristics, competition status and future development trends of the selected industry should be correctly evaluated.
Typical questions about industry analysis:
(1) How developed is the industry? What is the current development trend?
(2) Innovation and technological progress What role does it play in this industry?
(3) What is the total sales of this industry? What is the total income? What is the development trend?
(4) Price trend How?
(5) To what extent does economic development affect the industry? How does the government affect the industry?
(6) What factors determine its development?
(7) What is the nature of competition? What strategy will you adopt?
(8) What are the barriers to entering this industry? How will you overcome it? Typical challenges in this industry What is the rate of return?
(5) Product (service) introduction
Product introduction should include the following content: product concept, performance and characteristics; main product introduction; product market competition capabilities; product research and development process; new product development plans and cost analysis; product market prospect forecasts; product brands and patents, etc.
In the product (service) introduction section, entrepreneurs should give a detailed explanation of the product (service). The explanation should be accurate and easy to understand, so that investors who are not professionals can understand it. Generally, product introductions must be accompanied by product prototypes, photos or other introductions.
(6) Personnel and organizational structure
In the production activities of an enterprise, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management, etc. And human resource management is a very important part of it.
Because society has developed to this day, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people’s initiative and creativity. To manage this kind of resources well, enterprises must follow scientific principles and methods.
In the business plan, the key management personnel must be clarified, their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and backgrounds must be introduced. In addition, in this part of the business plan, a brief introduction to the company structure should also be given, including: the company's organizational chart; the functions and responsibilities of each department; the heads and main members of each department; the company's remuneration system; the company's A list of shareholders, including stock options, proportions and privileges; the company’s board of directors; and background information on each director.
Experience and past success speak louder than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.
(7) Market forecast
Should include the following:
1. Demand forecast;
2. Market forecast and market status Overview;
3. Overview of competing manufacturers;
4. Target customers and target markets;
5. Market position of the company's products, etc.
(8) Marketing strategy
Wrong understanding of the market is one of the main reasons for business failure.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:
(1) Selection of marketing agencies and marketing channels;
(2) Marketing team and management;
(3) Promotional plans and advertising strategies;
(4) Price decision-making.
(9) Manufacturing plan
The production and manufacturing plan in the business plan should include the following contents:
1. Current status of product manufacturing and technical equipment;
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2. New product production plan;
3. Requirements for technology improvement and equipment update;
4. Quality control and quality improvement plan.
(10) Financial planning
Financial planning generally includes the following contents:
The focus is on the preparation of cash flow statements, balance sheets and profit and loss statements.
Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise. Therefore, when a company starts up or expands, it needs to have a thorough plan in advance and strict control over the liquidity during the process;
The profit and loss statement reflects It is the profit status of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation;
The balance sheet reflects the status of the enterprise at a certain moment, which investors can obtain by using the data in the balance sheet Ratio indicators measure how well a business is doing and how likely it is to return on investment.
(11) Risk and Risk Management
(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?
( 2) How are you prepared to deal with these risks?
(3) In your opinion, what additional opportunities does your company have?
(4) In your capital How to expand on the basics?
(5) How will your five-year plan perform under the best and worst-case scenarios?
If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate Find out how big your margin of error is. If possible, make best- and worst-case settings for your critical parameters.
3. Steps for writing a business plan
Preparing a business plan is to look forward to the future prospects of the project, carefully explore the reasonable ideas, and confirm the various necessary resources required to implement the project. , and then the process of seeking the support you need.
It should be noted that not any entrepreneurial plan must include all the contents in the above outline. The content of entrepreneurship is different, and there are great differences between them.
The first stage: experience learning
The second stage: entrepreneurial idea
The third stage: market research
The fourth stage: Drafting the plan
Full text of the business plan
Write the full text, add a cover, extract the key points of the business and write it into a summary, and then arrange the full set of business plans in the following order:
(1) Market opportunities and strategies;
(2) Operations and management;
(3) Management team;
(4) Financial budget;
(5) Other information and materials that are directly related to the audience, such as business founders, potential investors, and even family members and spouses.
The fifth stage: the final modification stage
First, based on your report, make a 1-2 page summary of the most important things and put it at the front. Secondly, check it and make sure there are no typos or other errors, otherwise others will doubt whether you are rigorous in doing things. Finally, design a beautiful cover, write the table of contents and page numbers, then print and bind it into a book.
Stage Six: Check
You can check from the following aspects:
(1) Does your business plan show that you have the ability to manage the company? experience.
(2) Does your business plan show your ability to repay the loan?
(3) Does your business plan show that you have conducted a complete market analysis?
(4) Whether your business plan is easy for investors to understand. The business plan should have an index and table of contents so that investors can easily refer to each chapter. You should also ensure that the flow of information in the directory is logical and realistic.
(5) Do you have a plan summary in your business plan and put it at the front? The plan summary is equivalent to the cover of the company's business plan, and investors will read it first. To maintain investor interest, the plan summary should be written in a compelling way.
(6) Whether your business plan is grammatically correct.
(7) Whether your business plan can dispel investors’ doubts about the product (service).
If necessary, you can prepare a product model. Sample business plan
1. Entrepreneurial goals
Develop China’s true fast food industry and establish a certain large-scale fast food chain company using reasonable and effective management and investment.
2. Market Analysis
The accelerated pace of social life has made the existence and development of the fast food industry an undoubted issue. Although China's fast food industry is developing very rapidly, the abundance of foreign fast food has made most other markets unable to have access to Chinese fast food. How to capture that part of the market is a problem we need to solve.
Surveys show that when per capita income reaches US$2,000, traditional housework will shift to society. As a result, the development of the fast food business will enter a period of rapid expansion, so the Chinese fast food market will enter a stage of rapid development with the development of our country's economy.
3. Implementation plan
1. Model of fast food service industry.
Customer-centered and customer satisfaction as the goal, by satisfying customers, we ultimately achieve the promotion of the company's business philosophy.
2. Target market positioning.
Chinese fast food industry acceptable to the public. Customer group: office workers, children, leisure people and others.
3. Market strategy.
Produce industrialization, product standardization, scientific management, and chain operation.
(1) The name of the virtual company, employee clothing, business philosophy, internal management and head office are consistent, but they do not have too many decorations, and there is no operating restaurant. They are more like a fast food Assembly center. They receive related finished products shipped from the company's distribution center, and they can be formed as long as they are processed in a single room. The virtual company's fast food product ordering is provided to office workers for lunch at the workplace. Their front desk reception service is also virtual, relying on a telephone ordering system and a fast delivery system. We will establish a dedicated phone delivery service for food delivery, which will be delivered by a unified company minibus and service personnel.
(2) Mobile fast food company---breakfast strategy
In view of the high mobility and tight time characteristics of the breakfast population, we will use company minibuses and service personnel with a unified model to move to All major demand outlets provide customers with convenient and nutritious breakfast packages. Due to the large number of students, nutritious fast food for students can also be launched, which not only focuses on economic benefits, but also takes into account social effects.
(3) Fast food company image strategy
Fully display the company's adult image as clean, hygienic, affordable and warm in fast food restaurants located in business districts and tourist attractions. Ask a professional company to develop an advertising plan for us, starting from the company's characteristics and striving to be both gender-neutral and individual.
IV. Investment plan
Start from one point and expand to the whole. Based on the consumer groups with the characteristics of a region, we should try to form a certain scale of operations in the early stage of development. After selecting the addresses of several business outlets, they will all make their debut at the same time. In the future, we will expand our operations nationwide based on development.
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