.1 The purpose and significance of the topic
Vegetables are one of the indispensable nutritious foods in human life. They can provide the human body with necessary vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. and other functional ingredients that are beneficial to human health. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the acceleration of the pace of life, there is an increasing demand for convenient, nutritious and processed fine vegetables, and the requirements for product quality are getting higher and higher. Although vegetable exports started late in my country, because Chinese vegetables are rich in nutrients, have a wide range of varieties, are of high quality and low price, they are favored by consumers from all over the world. Therefore, vegetable exports have developed very rapidly in recent years and have become a pillar industry in foreign exchange-earning agriculture.
The survey results show that at present, my country's vegetable processing machinery lags far behind the development of vegetable exports. Now it mainly relies on foreign joint ventures to import from abroad, which is expensive. For example, beef noodle and carrot shredders are imported from Japan. Importing an ordinary (length and thickness cannot be adjusted) shredding machine costs more than 12,000 yuan. In order to meet the needs of vegetable processing, we designed a multi-functional vegetable processing machine. One machine can be used for multiple purposes. It can process various special-shaped root vegetables, such as pencil shavings (cow fennel) and various special-shaped vegetables by simply replacing the cutter and some parts. Shaped slices (carrots, potato plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, leaf-shaped, racket-shaped, etc.), strips (carrots, beef fennel, etc.), free slices (cow fennel, carrots, ginger, garlic, etc.) and pickles, etc. The multifunctionality of this machine has replaced some expensive imported machinery with single functions. Vegetable processing manufacturers only need to purchase one piece of equipment to process multiple products of different specifications suitable for export needs. It has low investment and high efficiency, adapts to the needs of multi-variety and mass production, and improves equipment utilization.
Accelerating the development of vegetable machines and improving the level of technical equipment of enterprises will undoubtedly become a strategic breakthrough for the development of Shandong vegetable exports, with huge potential for value-added and efficiency-increasing. This project aims to develop an efficient, reliable, practical and multi-functional vegetable processing machinery, focusing on solving the problem of single function of vegetable processing machinery in my country and expensive imported machinery.
1.2 Types of vegetable processing machinery
(1) Multifunctional rotary vegetable cutter, its principle is to rotate the vegetables that need to be cut at high speed, and use centrifugal force to make the vegetables close to the blade For processing, it is a commonly used machine in the vegetable processing industry, food industry, dehydrated vegetable factory, and secondary processing of quick-frozen food. It can be used to cut fixed-shaped pieces such as mustard, radish, potatoes, etc. into slices and shreds of the required thickness. It generally uses anti-corrosion aluminum shell and high-grade alloy blades. It has a compact and reasonable structure, easy operation, and convenient adjustment and maintenance. , Corrosion resistance characteristics. The disadvantage is: the shape of the slices or shreds is irregular. Uneven thickness.
(2) The centrifugal vegetable cutter adopts advanced working principles and is characterized by compact structure, durability and easy maintenance. It can increase productivity and reduce labor intensity. It can cut radish, potato, sweet potato, cabbage and other roots. It can be processed into shredded vegetables, vegetable strips, and vegetable slices, and is widely suitable for use in large and medium-sized pickle factories and quick-frozen food factories.
(3) The performance of the dicing machine is better than that of other machines. It can complete the processing of cubes in one step, saving time and effort, and is easy to operate. It is suitable for mustard greens, radishes, cucumbers (including salted cucumbers), and potatoes. , onions, cantaloupe, carrots, apples and other round vegetables and fruits processing. The machine is characterized by compact structure, advanced design, easy use, low energy consumption and high efficiency.
(4) The disc cutting machine is one of the main mechanical equipment in the pickle processing industry, food industry and secondary processing of agricultural products. It cuts tubers with inherent shapes such as mustard greens and radishes into slices, and then turns them over to create a staggered 90-degree cut. The characteristics of this machine are that it is a production equipment with novel structure, advanced technology, easy operation, safety, reliability and high efficiency.
(5) Linear multi-purpose vegetable cutter. This machine simulates the principle of manual cutting. It is a compound multi-purpose vegetable cutter developed using advanced technologies such as stepless adjustment mechanism and centrifugal slicing mechanism. It is widely suitable for Used for various food processing patterns such as roots, stems, leaves, silk, rhombus, and curves. The machine has advanced design, energy saving and high efficiency, leading its class. Its shortcomings are low motor speed regulation accuracy, unsuitable control of shred length, high noise, low degree of electrification, and high cost
1.3 Domestic and foreign research status
With the reform and opening up in my country, vegetables With the rise of processing exports, various types of processing machinery have developed greatly, and many manufacturers have developed and developed them.
Judging from our literature search, there are many varieties of single-function vegetable processing machinery in China with reliable functions, but there are almost no manufacturers developing multi-functional processing machinery. Even the so-called multi-functional vegetable processing machinery actually produces the same type of products, but It is multifunctional for different raw materials. In addition to relying on expensive imported machinery, production mainly relies on manual processing and pickle machinery or catering machinery. The processing is irregular, the yield is low, and the waste is large. It cannot meet the needs of the increasingly rapid development of vegetable processing and export. Domestic research on deep processing of vegetables is still in its infancy, and there is no mature experience in the research and application of vegetable quality and comprehensive utilization. The research on vegetable forming machinery is still blank and cannot meet the needs of the increasingly rapid development of vegetable processing and export.
Foreign situation: Foreign vegetable production mechanization has 6 outstanding characteristics: 1. Large-scale vegetable machinery; 2. Mechanical automation: 3. Use of high technology; 4. Wide application of multi-functional machinery; 5. Stable quality Reliable, long service life; 6 good after-sales service.
1.4 Main contents of the research
Advanced industrialized countries started early in the deep processing of vegetables, with advanced equipment and standardized inspection standards. However, because of the expensive equipment, it is difficult for users to afford it. In addition, some advanced processing technologies are kept secret from us, resulting in many of our vegetables requiring secondary processing after export, resulting in serious loss of benefits.
This project aims to develop a multi-functional processing machine that can process different types of wire strips, slices, blocks, pickles, etc. The specific contents are as follows:
(1) Research reasonable The cutting device meets the needs of multi-function (can process wire strips, slices, blocks, pickles). The 3 sets of cutters have independent control and are easy to adjust to complete the processing of various shapes. And the specifications and sizes are adjustable within a certain range to ensure high efficiency, durability and easy operation:
(2) Since there are various types of vegetables and the physical properties of various vegetables are different, in order to ensure that the development and processing of various vegetables are suitable The transportation and fixation of various shapes of materials and vegetables are very important working conditions, so a reasonable feeding mechanism must be developed.
(3) The development of a reasonable transmission mechanism requires simplicity, novelty, and practicality. According to my country's national conditions, in the design of the principles and structures of components, the main research directions are to facilitate operation and maintenance and reduce costs. Seek a reasonable working principle and require diversified functions; optimize the structure and aim at high efficiency, energy saving, versatility and reliable operation:
(4) Design knives that can process various special-shaped vegetable products.
Main technical indicators: (1) The supporting motor is a 750W speed regulating motor. (2) The hourly productivity (taking 5cm thick potato slices as an example) reaches 400Kg/he (3) Vegetables suitable for processing: root vegetables, such as beef noodle, carrot, potato, ginger, garlic, radish, sweet potato and other shaped vegetables , such as spinach, Chinese cabbage, etc. (4) Processing function: It can process 20mm-50mm long and 2m-10m thick wire strips, various free slices and special-shaped slices with a thickness of 1mm-8mm, pencil shavings, and vegetables with a particle diameter of about 0.5mm. Sauce, vegetable segments 30mm-60mm long.
Chapter 2 Working Mechanism and Structural Analysis
2.1 Theoretical Analysis of Vegetable Cutting
As we all know, when cutting metal, it can be assumed that the cutting work consumed is directly related to the cutting The material is proportional to its cross-sectional size. On the contrary, when cutting vegetables, due to the special structural (fiber) resistance of vegetables, the size of this force is mainly related to the cutting direction and has little to do with the size of the cross-section. In other words, cutting resistance and power consumption are mainly related to the position of the cutter relative to the vegetables.
The various positions of the cutter relative to vegetables are shown in Figure 2.1.
No. Position of the blade relative to vegetables Cutting method Phenomenon that occurs when cutting within the changing range of δ and θ angles
1 Transverse cutting
(Chopping) δ=0 ° θ=0° At the beginning, the vegetables are squeezed by the blade and then start to cut
2 Oblique cutting 0°＜δ<90°θ=0° At the beginning, the vegetables are squeezed by the blade and then cut at an angle
3 Oblique cutting 0°＜δ＜90° 0°＜θ＜90° The vegetable is squeezed by the blade at the beginning and then cut diagonally
4 Longitudinal skew cutting δ=0° 0 °＜θ＜90° At the beginning, the vegetables are squeezed by the blade and then cut (no sliding cutting)
5
Longitudinal cutting δ=0° θ=90° At the beginning, the vegetables are cut The blade is squeezed longitudinally and then cut
6
Longitudinal oblique cutting δ=0° θ﹥90° At the beginning, the vegetables are squeezed by the blade and then cut obliquely
< p> 7Longitudinal axial cutting δ=0° θ=0 Cut along the direction of vegetable fiber
Figure 2. 1 Different cutting methods of vegetables
Based on It has been determined that no matter how much the cross-section increases when using oblique cutting or skew cutting, the cutting resistance and power consumption are much reduced compared to tangent cutting (when the cutter is at 45° relative to the vegetable axis, it can be reduced by 30%^-40%). In addition, Kramarenko's measurement results show that the power consumption of oblique cutting is greatly reduced, and the resistance of skew cutting is reduced by about 60%. Therefore, the design of the machine adopts skew cutting.
2.2 Research on Clamping and Conveying of Vegetables
Since there are many types of vegetables, there are soft vegetables with leaves and stems, hard vegetables with rhizomes, and small tuberous vegetables. In total, They come in all shapes and sizes and vary greatly in size and stiffness. Therefore, in order to effectively cut vegetables, effective positioning and transportation are the keys to processing. In the past, when we used manual processing, transportation wasted a lot of labor and material resources. Due to the increase in labor costs in recent years, manual processing has lagged far behind the situation. In addition, manual processing has shortcomings such as irregularity, low yield, and unhygienic conditions. There is an urgent need to design a conveying mechanism that can convey effective positioning and is suitable for a variety of vegetables to achieve regular processing and adapt to the requirements of export vegetables. This design uses a single belt for clamping and conveying, with the clamping device in a suspended state at the top to ensure the compression of the processed materials during operation. In order to prevent the material from slipping, we have a spring above the belt to adjust the pressure to prevent slipping during the transmission process.