2. Complete monopoly can be divided into two types:
Government complete monopoly. Usually in the majority of public undertakings, such as state-owned railways, posts and telecommunications and other departments.
complete private monopoly. For example, according to the franchise granted by the government, or according to the exclusive operation of patent production and the exclusive private monopoly established due to abundant capital and advanced technology.
3. monopolize the competitive market
for example, beef noodles, shredded chicken noodles, box lunch, hairdressing industry, repair, candy retail industry, etc.
4. oligopolistic markets, such as steel and automobiles in the United States and household appliances in Japan.
1. Characteristics of a perfectly competitive market:
There are many producers and consumers in the market; They are just price recipients and have equal competitive status; The products provided by producers are homogeneous (indistinguishable); Free flow of resources; Market information is smooth.
2. Conditions for monopolizing the competitive market:
A large number of enterprises in the production group produce different products of the same kind, and these products are very close substitutes to each other. There are so many enterprises in a production group that each manufacturer thinks that his behavior has little influence and will not attract the attention and reaction of competitors, so he will not be affected by any retaliatory measures of competitors. The production scale of manufacturers is relatively small, so it is easier to enter and exit a group.
3. Enterprises engaged in monopolistic competition are monopolistic in the short term, but they have zero profits and overproduction in the long term. It is worth noting that although monopolistic competition has always been the topic of studying market and competition in microeconomics, it has been more and more used by macroeconomists, especially after the 197s, when the micro-foundation modeling trend was emphasized.
4. The oligopoly market structure is similar to monopoly competition in that it contains both monopoly factors and competition factors. But relatively speaking, it is closer to the monopoly market structure, because a few enterprises occupy a large share in the market, which makes these enterprises have quite strong monopoly power. The products of oligopolistic enterprises can be homogeneous or different. The former is sometimes called pure oligopoly, while the latter is called differentiated oligopoly.
what are the differences and connections among the four markets: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and complete monopoly?
The market is the product of social division of labor and commodity production. Where there is social division of labor and commodity exchange, the three main factors that determine the market size and capacity are buyers, purchasing power and purchasing desire. There are four types of markets: perfectly competitive oligopoly, monopolistic competition and completely monopolized market.
a perfectly competitive market, also called a purely competitive market or a freely competitive market, usually means that there are many production and sales enterprises in an industry, all of which provide the market with similar and standardized product markets in the same way. No matter the differences in quality, performance, appearance and packaging of products are not particularly great, no enterprise can form a monopoly by widening the huge price difference between its own products and others' products, so as to obtain monopoly profits. There are also a large number of consumers for such products. Compared with the production and purchase of the whole market, the proportion of individuals is very small.
Oligopoly usually refers to the demand curve of a certain market in which the company's products are unique and the number of competitors is relatively small, which is obviously inelastic. For each competitive company, mutual supervision of market prices is the best way for everyone. Even if a company mentions the price of its own products, there will not be much difference in sales volume, and competitors may raise the price.
Monopoly competition is one of the typical market models in economics, which is usually called the market structure of infinite approaching perfect competition. The main feature of monopoly competition is that there are many producers and consumers in the market, and consumers have obvious preferences. Although there are differences in many commodities provided by producers, there is no difference in essence, which is in the middle of the two extreme market structures of complete competition and complete monopoly.
A complete monopoly market refers to a market structure in which there is only one supplier and many demanders. The conditions for completely monopolizing the market are very harsh. In reality, there are not many such phenomena, and the following conditions must be met. The first is that there is only one manufacturer in the market to produce and sell this commodity; The second is that there is no substitute for this commodity; The third is that it is extremely difficult or almost impossible for other manufacturers to manufacture this product.