Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission clearly stated in the "Guiding Opinions on Cultivating and Developing Modern Urban Areas" that restrictions on urban settlement will be relaxed except for individual megacities. According to media reports, since 2019, six cities including Haikou, Guangzhou, Dalian, Changzhou, Xi'an, and Nanjing have issued new policies to relax settlement restrictions.
In order to attract talents, in addition to restrictions on settlement, many places have issued diversified talent policies. According to statistics, as of February 18, more than 16 cities have issued various policies for talent introduction and settlement in 2019.
Since the war for talent started in early 2017, in the past two years, it has mainly started in second-tier cities, then spread to first-, third- and fourth-tier cities, and even attracted many county-level cities to join. Yang Yansui, director of the Employment and Social Security Research Center at Tsinghua University, believes that behind the intensifying competition for talents is the test of my country's economic transformation, employment transformation, education transformation, and government service transformation.
The settlement policy relaxes academic qualifications and age restrictions
At the beginning of this year, many places have issued settlement policies, and the academic qualifications and age restrictions have been relaxed.
Haikou City’s “Detailed Implementation Rules for Housing Security for Introduced Talents”, which began accepting applications on February 13, has been relaxed in terms of academic qualifications and age. In terms of academic qualifications, the scope will be expanded to include fresh graduates from colleges and vocational schools or overseas study graduates. In terms of age, talents with full-time undergraduate degree or above or intermediate or above professional and technical titles or technician qualifications will be relaxed from 40 to 55 years old. Full-time The age limit for talents with a junior college degree or senior engineering vocational qualification or professional qualification is relaxed from 40 to 45 years old.
Xi'an City proposes that all students enrolled in colleges and universities across the country (personnel registered in the Xuexin Network of the Ministry of Education) can move in and settle down. In addition, the age limit for settlement has once again achieved a breakthrough: the age limit for those with a bachelor's degree (inclusive) or above has been cancelled; for those with a bachelor's degree (inclusive) or below, the age has been relaxed from 35 (inclusive) to below 45 (inclusive).
Guangzhou, a first-tier city, also released a new round of relocation policy system on January 11, adjusting the age limits for bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree holders from 35, 40 and 45 years old to 40 and 45 years old respectively. 45, 50 years old. At the same time, fresh graduates from colleges and universities can register directly.
Chen Qiulin, director of the Social Security Office of the Institute of Population, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the continuous relaxation of the settlement policy and the gradual formation of a unified labor market are needed for national development and can be said to be our ultimate goal. Starting from household registration, we must gradually lift barriers to mobility among labor factors.
Join the competition for talents from the provincial to county levels
At the beginning of 2017, Wuhan City’s plan to “retain one million college students within five years” launched the first shot of the competition for talents. This year, the battle for talent is mainly concentrated in new first- or second-tier cities such as Wuhan, Xi'an, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Xiamen.
On March 21, 2018, Beijing announced the establishment of a "green channel" for talent introduction. All scientific and technological innovation talents, cultural creative talents, sports talents, financial management talents, high-skilled talents, and patents who meet certain conditions Inventors and freelancers urgently needed in Beijing can apply for introduction. In the same month, Shanghai also proposed to create a “talent peak”. In 2018, more than 100 cities across the country issued talent policies, and first-tier cities as well as third- and fourth-tier cities also began to compete for talents.
At the beginning of this year, policies for competing for talents in various places were released. According to statistics, as of February 18, 2019, at least 16 cities had issued various policies for the introduction and settlement of talents. According to statistics from reporters, there are 3 first-tier cities, 4 new first-tier cities, 4 second-tier cities, 4 third- and fourth-tier cities and 1 county-level city. The war for talents is in full swing.
House purchase and living subsidy have become important means
House purchase and living subsidy have become important means to attract talents in many places. At the beginning of 2019, many cities issued relevant policies: Bozhou City in Anhui Province can receive up to 800,000 yuan in settling-in allowance; Zhenjiang City in Jiangsu Province will provide master’s and doctoral graduates with housing purchase subsidies of 150,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan each in three years; Ninghai County in Zhejiang Province Top talent teams settling in Ninghai will be provided with financial support of up to 100 million yuan; Chengdu High-tech Zone will provide entrepreneurial teams with more than 5 talent apartments and a one-time start-up capital support of up to 5 million yuan.
Talent introduction services in various regions have also been further improved.
On January 10, Beijing issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the Construction of the Capital's Skilled Talent Team in the New Era" and proposed that five categories of highly skilled talents include winners of the China Skills Award, those who enjoy special government subsidies from the State Council, and those who have made outstanding contributions in Beijing. , can directly handle talent introduction in accordance with regulations, and their spouses and minor children can be transferred and relocated together; Shenzhen City, on the basis of realizing the "second batch" for the introduction of university graduates, has expanded the "second batch" to the introduction of on-the-job talents, The introduction of returned overseas students, the entry of postdoctoral fellows, and the relocation of their spouses and children; the Haikou Municipal Government has established a "one-stop" talent service platform to implement one-stop acceptance, one-time notification, and one-stop service.
In addition, Nanjing City has revised the points settlement system in Nanjing. In terms of real estate conditions, it is the first precedent that 1 point will be added for every 1 square meter of house area, with a maximum of 90 points. The area of ??multiple suites will not be counted cumulatively. points; Xiangyang City, Hubei Province issued a document stating that those who have paid the housing provident fund for 6 consecutive months can apply for a provident fund house purchase loan.
Multiple increases in talent policies have been quite effective
On February 13, Xi'an City issued the "Notice of the General Office of the Xi'an Municipal People's Government on Further Relaxing Certain Household Registration Access Conditions in the City" . This is the seventh time that Xi’an has adjusted and upgraded its household registration policy since it issued the “most relaxed settlement policy details” in early 2017.
According to local media reports, Xi'an has added more than 1.05 million people since the implementation of the new household registration policy, with more than 8,000 people settling in a single day. In 2018, 795,000 people moved into the city from outside the city, with academic qualifications and talent introduction accounting for 63.5% of the total, including 1,253 people with doctorates or above. In addition, Nanjing, Hefei, Chengdu and other cities that have repeatedly increased their talent policies have settled in more than 100,000 people in 2018.
However, the phenomenon of talent leaving and returning again is also quite prominent. According to statistics, 23% of people will choose to return to first-tier cities after fleeing Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen for about 15 months.
■ Interpretation
1 Why is there competition for talent?
Yang Yansui, director of the Employment and Social Security Research Center of Tsinghua University, believes that the competition for talents in various places is a manifestation of my country's demographic structure problems. From 2012 to 2018, my country's total fertility rate has been lower than 1.8, and the average annual working population has decreased by more than 6 million. At the same time, my country's average life expectancy has now increased to 76.7 years. The birth population is small, the death rate is low, and the average life expectancy is long, resulting in structural problems among the foster population, working population, and retired population. Therefore, there is an increasing shortage of so-called high-end talents, working population, and even consumer groups, who are the driving force for sustainable economic development. "There has always been competition for talent, but we have seen that the working-age population and even people with spending power have become the targets of competition."
In addition, Chen Qiulin believes that the competition for talents is also related to urbanization. related. In the process of promoting urbanization, the number and scale of cities are increasing, and the demand for labor force is increasing. Cities at any level are facing the problem of labor shortage.
In this regard, Yang Yansui proposed that theoretical research should be paid attention to. Yang Yansui believes that my country currently lacks research on fertility economics, population economics and other aspects, and does not pay enough attention to structural economics. Insufficient research on the laws of population structure, the consequences of violating the laws, and how to deal with new problems brought about by changes in population structure will lead to a slower response to macro-planning.
2 How can cities retain talents?
Chen Qiulin believes that in the short term, lowering the threshold for settling in can indeed attract talents, but in the long term, especially with the introduction of new policies at the national level to relax the restrictions on settling in, it will further test the ability of urban residents to stay in the city. Live the strength of talents. Good economic prospects, many pillar industries, social stability, beautiful ecological environment, and perfect public services are all manifestations of the city's strength.
“We must fulfill the role of a service-oriented government and make the city warm.” Chen Qiulin proposed that in addition to the industrial foundation and economic strength, it must also provide better public services such as medical care, education, and transportation** *Serve. Formulate policies based on the current diverse and personalized needs of young people and establish a long-term mechanism to retain talents.
In order to forge the city’s own strength, Yang Yansui believes that it should transform from simple quantitative development to quality and characteristics. Urban development should be distributed across the country, and each region should follow the overall planning and comprehensive transformation of local culture and resource status. “Some are suitable for green planting, and some are suitable for tourism development, rather than blindly following the trend of real estate development.
"Yang Yansui proposed that only cities with comprehensive transformation and an atmosphere of humanistic development can retain talents and populations and play their roles.
3 What kind of talents are needed for urban development?
Chen Qiulin believes , with the changes in my country's economic structure, the definition of talents is also changing, and academic qualifications and other thresholds cannot be a simple measurement standard. "As long as they meet the actual needs of urban development and play an important role in local key industries and key fields. It's talent. ”
In this regard, Yang Yansui believes that our country is in urgent need of educational transformation. Yang Yansui said that with the development of society, the phenomenon of “many people have nothing to do and many people have nothing to do” will appear in all countries, and so do we. So. This requires cultivating talents across disciplines, reforming the talent training mechanism, and changing the lagging concept of employment among the people. "It is not that the higher the academic level, the less likely one is to do services. The more developed the economy, the greater the demand for the service industry." Yang Yansui proposed that everyone should be educated. Recognize that mutual service under the shared economy is a characteristic of this era.
In addition, Yang Yansui proposed that in an aging society, the demographic dividend does not come from low-cost labor, but from high-quality labor. Population. This requires the working population to have high human capital, good asset structure, and be able to use consumption to stimulate the economy. Whether they are in the working age or the elderly, their contribution to the country and the local area is greater than their personal consumption, so that they can appear in production and generate dividends. “Such a demographic dividend takes time to cultivate. ”