The development of high-tech industries in today's world has become the focus of attention and competition for countries around the world. The first two decades of the 21st century are a period of opportunity for my country's economic development. The development of high-tech industries will be crucial to building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Society, it is of great significance to achieve people-oriented comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. Now I would like to share some views on the development of high-tech industries at home and abroad. I will talk about three issues today. The first is that scientific and technological innovation has increasingly become a guiding factor in leading high-tech industries. The second is based on the power of science and technology as the premise of my country's high-tech industries. The third is to talk about strengthening independent innovation and improving The international competitiveness of my country’s high-tech industries.
Let’s talk about the first question. Under the rapidly developing high-tech conditions, the development of high-tech industries has rapidly affected human life and production methods, and has become an important force in promoting economic growth. In the high-tech industry In development, technological innovation is not only the main driving force of the science and technology industry, but also the leading factor in the development of high-tech industries. Specifically, it is reflected in the following aspects:
First, original innovation plays an increasingly important role in promoting the development of high-tech industries. The integration of science and technology becomes closer. The development of basic scientific research and high-tech is almost synchronized. , original innovation results directly promote the development of high-tech industries. For example, the achievements of the human genome and nanomaterials were quickly applied for patents during the process of intermediate results, and some of them were industrialized.
Second, with the intersection and integration of science and technology, the development of high-tech industries relies more on innovation. Major breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies show the characteristics of group breakthroughs, which are specifically reflected in the cross-integration between disciplines. New technology groups and corresponding industrial groups are competing to emerge. Therefore, integrated innovation based on individual technologies has become an important trend in the development of high-tech industries. For example, bioinformatics technology is a new technology produced by the intersection and integration of IT and biotechnology. According to expert estimates, its application can reduce the cost of drug development by 30% and speed up the development process by two years. At the same time, bioinformatics technology will have an important impact on food, health , agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and information industry have a huge impact.
Third, high and new technologies continue to penetrate into traditional industries, becoming a key factor in improving and leading the development of high-tech industries. High-tech and industrial development are conducive to improving the development level of traditional industries and accelerating the transformation of traditional industries. High technology. It is mainly reflected in promoting the high added value of traditional industries. The second is that high and new technologies develop new varieties and emerging industries from traditional industries. The third is to promote the modernization of traditional industrial equipment. According to analysis, the IT industry has contributed more than 35% to the U.S. economy in recent years. In 1999, IT increased the labor productivity of the U.S. manufacturing industry by 6.4%.
Fourth, intellectual property rights and technical standards have become the strategic commanding heights of the development of high-tech industries. Compared with traditional industries, the economic benefits of high-tech industries depend more on technological innovation and intellectual property rights. Technical standards have gradually become the highest manifestation of the pursuit of patented technology, and often precede the production of products. For example, the IP protocol existed before the application of the Internet. Before high-definition color TV and third-generation mobile communications were commercialized, the battle for relevant standards was already in full swing.
Let’s talk about the second question. Based on science and technology, our high-tech industry is booming. Under the great attention of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and with the joint efforts of all relevant departments and localities, my country's high-tech industry relies on scientific and technological innovation to accelerate the industrialization of high-tech achievements, showing a good development trend. Science and technology work has also taken a series of measures to cope with the challenges brought about by joining the WTO and promote the development of high-tech industries. One measure is to propose and implement three major strategies: talent patents and standards to improve innovation capabilities and international competitiveness. The second is to organize and implement 12 major special projects, plus integration and catalytic industries; the third is to strengthen the construction of industrialization bases and accelerate the integration of industries resulting from the 863 plan. Fourth, implement the Torch Plan and accelerate the industrialization, commercialization and proceduralization of high and new technologies. Scientific and technological innovation provides a strong driving force for the development of my country's science and technology industry and greatly promotes the rapid development of high-tech industries. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects. The first is the rapid expansion of the scale of high-tech industries and the optimization of my country's industrial structure.
The total output value of my country's high-tech industries increased from about 600 billion yuan in 1996 to about 2.75 trillion yuan in 2003, with an average annual growth rate of about 20%. The total output value of high-tech industries reached 21.4%, an increase of 10% from 1996. The export of high-tech products increased to US$110.3 billion in 2003, accounting for 25.1% of the country's foreign trade exports. Second, the competitiveness of my country's high-tech industries has increased, mainly reflected in the fact that it has begun to master a number of key core technologies. New technologies represented by Loongson have achieved important breakthroughs. The CDMA standard proposed by Datang Telecom has become one of the three major telecommunications companies in the world. One of the standards has enabled our country to have standards for the science and technology industry. Some well-known technology companies have emerged, such as communications companies Lenovo and Founder. According to statistics from the National High-tech Zone, there are less than 7 companies worth over 100 million yuan. By 2001, the number increased to 1,539. my country's electronic information industry has become the mainstay of the national economy. As a pillar industry, the entire industry achieved sales revenue of 1,880 billion yuan in 2003, a year-on-year increase of 34%. my country ranks first in the world in terms of output of program-controlled switches, mobile phones, and color products, and ranks third in the world in terms of TV output. .
Third, product updates have been accelerated and new product development has achieved remarkable results. In 2002, my country's high-tech industries developed 12,000 new product projects, investing 16.7 billion yuan in new product development, an increase of 25.6%. The high-tech industry achieved new product sales revenue of 341.6 billion, an increase of 88.8% over the previous year. New product revenue accounted for The proportion of sales revenue of all products is 23.4, which is double the average level of the manufacturing industry.
Fourth, high-tech zones have become a major force in the development of our high-tech industries. In 2003, the country's 53 high-tech industrial development zones achieved a total industrial output value of 170 billion yuan and an industrial added value of 427 billion yuan, respectively an increase of more than 30% over the previous year and 17 percentage points higher than the growth rate of national industrial enterprises and industrial added value. Exports Foreign exchange earnings were US$57 billion, a year-on-year increase of 73%. At present, the high-tech industries and output value achieved by the national high-tech zones have accounted for more than 50% of the country's total, and have become an important base for my country's high-tech industries. At the same time, the development of my country's high-tech industries is in the context of economic globalization and a new round of industrial structural adjustment in developed countries, and faces severe challenges such as weak scientific and technological innovation and weak competitiveness. These challenges are manifested in the following: First, the independent innovation capabilities of high-tech industries are not strong, and the dominant position of enterprises needs to be strengthened urgently. In 2002, 72.3% of my country's invention patents were granted abroad, most of which were concentrated in high-tech industries. Among my country's high-tech product exports, foreign companies accounted for 82% of the export volume, occupying a dominant position. Enterprises' weak R&D capabilities and insufficient investment are still prominent problems in the development of my country's high-tech products. The average R&D investment of my country's top 100 electronic information companies accounted for 33.6%. It is far lower than the investment of similar enterprises in developed countries.
Second, the added value of high-tech products is low and key technologies are lacking. According to surveys, in some high-tech fields, Chinese enterprises currently master less than half of the key technologies. Due to the lack of key technologies in high-tech industries, independent There are few intellectual property products, so the added value is low. The added value of high-tech industries in developed countries generally accounts for more than 30% of the total output value. In 2002, the added value of my country's high-tech industries accounted for only 25% of the total output value.
Third, the high-tech industry is facing increasingly serious intellectual property barriers. According to relevant data, in the high-tech field, the patents owned by the United States and Japan account for about 90% of the world’s total patents, including China. Other countries only account for 10%. In 2002, my country's mechanical and electrical product export enterprises lost nearly 20 billion yuan due to patent compensation. In 2002, 71% of my country's enterprises were affected by technical barriers, and 39% of export products were affected by technical barriers.
Fourthly, the high-tech industrialization chain is imperfect. Research and development industrialization is a key link in the innovation chain. Without an effective mechanism, technology inventors, investors and government departments cannot form linkages, resulting in the emergence of high-tech Insufficient investment in technology industries, poor implementation of policies, few patent implementations, and small scale of production are the achievements and severe challenges faced by my country's high-tech development.
First, establish and improve investment policies, tax policies and financial policies that promote the development of high-tech industries, encourage the development of venture capital, and form an effective mechanism for mutually beneficial interaction between technology and capital. The second is to adhere to the people-oriented approach and improve the talent training and incentive mechanism for high-tech industries. The third is to strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, make full use of two resources and two markets, and improve the starting point, level and efficiency of my country's technological innovation. At the same time, it is necessary to change the situation of excessive reliance on foreign technology for industrial development, strengthen digestion and innovation on the basis of attaching importance to the introduction of science and technology and intelligence, improve independent innovation capabilities, and achieve leapfrog development of high and new technologies.
Currently, we are formulating a national medium- and long-term science and technology development plan. This plan will not only clarify the overall strategy, guiding ideology and goals of my country’s science and technology development in the next 15 years, but also determine the country’s high-tech development plan. Ideas and directions for industrial development. I believe that the development of my country's high-tech industries in the future will be guided by a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, with enterprises as the main body, market as the guide, technological innovation as the breakthrough point, continuous improvement of innovation mechanisms, and optimization of resources. configuration, strengthen the cooperation between industry, academia and research, effectively improve independent innovation capabilities, and vigorously promote high-tech industrialization. Improve the international competitiveness of the industry and contribute to my country's path to a new, industrialized path and the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.