The basic CDMA technology of 1 3G mainstream technology is mainly commercialized by Qualcomm, USA, and Qualcomm controls a considerable number of CDMA patents, especially those at the bottom of the link, which establishes Qualcomm's position as a super competitor among the three standards. The CDMA2000 standard based on CDMA technology led by Qualcomm is in the forefront. However, due to the technology-neutral policy, Qualcomm has not been favored by the US government. CDMA was first adopted by South Korea and returned to the American market after commercial success. At present, CDMA2000 can be used in three wireless frequency bands, namely, 800M, 2000M and 450M m. The technologies in different frequency bands are basically similar, but they cannot roam with each other. The core frequency band specified by 3G is 2000M. At present, only 3 ~ 4 operators have opened the network in this frequency band, and only 3 licenses have been issued in this frequency band. American operators, such as VERIZON and SPRINT PCS, originally operated CDMA networks in the 800M band, and they can directly upgrade their original networks to realize 3G. Because there is no 3G operating license system in the United States, there is only a frequency license, so operators can conduct business as long as they have a frequency license, and do not need to obtain a 3G operating license.
American manufacturers mainly include Motorola, Lucent and Nortel. , both develop CDMA2000 and WCDMA standards at the same time, but the advantages are more obvious because of the long development time in CDMA2000 technology. CINGULAR, the second largest operator in the United States, and AT & amp； T (now merged) and T- MOBILE adopt GSM technology and are currently building WCDMA networks.
European Union manufacturers mainly include Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens and Alcatel, all of which mainly develop WCDMA, among which Ericsson and Alcatel also develop CDMA2000, and Siemens also develops TD- SCDMA. Nokia is more representative. Nokia's business model is unique, and it has become the most powerful competitor of 3G with its excellent marketing strategy. Nokia is quite competitive in chip development, system equipment, terminal equipment, mobile phone operating system and business platform, among which the terminal is the strongest, accounting for about 35% of the global market. Although the telecom system equipment industry is in recession at present, the terminal market is relatively stable and its capacity is expanding rapidly, so it has stable and sufficient market funds as the backing of research and development, which makes it almost have the largest number of patents in WCDMA. Although Nokia has not launched commercial systems of TD-SCDMA and CDMA2000, it has become the leader of CDMA2000 evolution technology CDMA2000 1xev-DV, and has the largest share of basic patents in TD-SCDMA. The EU telecom regulatory framework has also formulated a technology-neutral policy, but the EU government also requires each government to issue at least one WCDMA license for users to roam. In order to upgrade the network, European operators basically have WCDMA standard. Unlike the United States, the EU government actively promotes the development of 3G. In 2000, the license was auctioned at a high price. In the license issued, the time for operators to deploy 3G is mandatory. When many operators were unable to deploy 3G on time due to the financial crisis, some favorable policies were introduced in time to promote the development of 3G, such as allowing network facilities to enjoy, forcing 2G operators to provide roaming services for new 3G operators, and appropriately delaying the provision of 3G services.
European mobile phones don't work in America and must be replaced.