Functional indication
Cough relieving, phlegm resolving, digestion resolving, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing. Used for cough with excessive phlegm, dyspepsia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, traumatic injury, blood stasis and amenorrhea.
pharmacological action
Seabuckthorn fruit and seabuckthorn oil have high medicinal value, which can reduce cholesterol, treat angina pectoris and prevent coronary heart disease. Has expectorant, antitussive, antiasthmatic and chronic tracheitis effects; Can be used for treating gastric and duodenal ulcer and dyspepsia, and has obvious curative effect on chronic superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, colitis and other diseases; It has a good therapeutic effect on burns, scalds, knife wounds and frostbite; It has a good therapeutic effect on female cervical erosion. ?
2. Dietotherapy value
Seabuckthorn fruit is rich in nutrition. According to the determination, it contains many kinds of vitamins, fatty acids, trace elements, oily substances, seabuckthorn flavonoids, superoxide and other active substances and many kinds of amino acids needed by the human body. Among them, the content of vitamin C is extremely high, and the content of vitamin C in every 100 g fruit juice can reach 825- 1 100 mg, which is 2-3 times that of kiwifruit. It is known as the king of vitamin C, with sugar content of 7.5%- 10% and acid content of 3%-5%.
Seabuckthorn leaves contain crude protein 15.75%, crude fat 9.48%, crude fiber 14.04% and nitrogen-free extract 54.84%. Seabuckthorn leaves can be made into health tea.
Seabuckthorn oil contains 206 kinds of active substances beneficial to human body, including 46 kinds of bioactive substances, which contain a lot of vitamin E, vitamin A, flavonoids and so on. It has special pharmacological properties such as anti-fatigue, enhancing organism vitality and anti-cancer, protecting and accelerating the repair of gastric mucosa, increasing the medicinal properties of intestinal Bifidobacterium, reducing plasma cholesterol, reducing the cholesterol content in blood vessel wall, preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and promoting wound healing.
3. Beauty value
Seabuckthorn has an important beauty function, which contains a large number of active ingredients such as vitamin E, vitamin A, flavonoids and SOD, which can effectively prevent free radicals and achieve anti-aging effect. Therefore, seabuckthorn, as an important high-grade cosmetic raw material, is used in cosmetic industry. The cosmetic seabuckthorn oil extracted by advanced technology has high purity and high activity.
Its high-temperature extract, fruit element, has become the main component of acne essence. Compared with the plant essence extracted by ordinary technology, it has richer nutrition and skin care components, including vitamins, fatty acids, trace elements, VE and other nutrients. Moreover, the SOD content in the fruit element extracted at high temperature can reach 5623.0 enzyme units per milliliter, which is 6 times that of ginseng. It can block free radicals produced by peroxidation of substances in the skin.
Fruit element has directional osmosis. The effective acne mark moisturizing factor extracted from seabuckthorn fruit can be quickly absorbed by the skin surface, and it can inhibit the infection and spread of Propionibacterium acnes, repair damaged skin, and restore normal skin renewal and circulatory system. ? [4]?
4. Ecological greening
Restore vegetation
Due to drought and poor land in northwest China, it is difficult to plant trees directly or grow into small old trees in most areas, and it is very difficult to restore vegetation. Seabuckthorn is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant. Only 120- 150 plants need to be planted per mu of wasteland, and the mountain can be closed for afforestation in 4-5 years. Moreover, the seedlings of Hippophae rhamnoides are very small, with a plant height of 30-50 cm and a ground diameter of 5-8 mm. The labor intensity of planting Hippophae rhamnoides is not great, and an ordinary worker can plant 5-6 mu of Hippophae rhamnoides a day. For the northwest region, it can effectively solve the problem of vast land and sparse population, facilitate large-scale planting and quickly restore vegetation.
Reduce sediment
Due to soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, a large amount of sediment is deposited in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which makes the riverbed 4-6 meters above the ground, with the highest height of 14 meters, and it continues to rise every year. The Yellow River levee, located in the whole North China Plain and Huanghuai Plain, has been heightened and strengthened four times since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and now it is more than ten or twenty meters above the river surface. The higher the dam, the greater the potential danger of burst flood. The Yellow River flood is still a major worry for the Chinese nation. Sediment problem is the root of the Yellow River flood.
Gullies and steep slopes are the most serious soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. Steep slope land is barren and difficult to construct, which is the weak link of soil erosion control. River channel is not only the main sediment-producing area, but also the channel of slope sediment. Seabuckthorn has dense shrubs and developed roots, forming "an umbrella on the ground, a blanket on the ground and a net underground".
On some steep slopes, Hippophae rhamnoides can make use of its characteristics of sprouting roots to green these inaccessible areas. Especially, after seabuckthorn seeds are planted at the bottom of the ditch, they have strong erosion resistance, are not afraid of sand burial, and have strong tillering ability, which can stop flood and sand and improve the gully erosion datum. Hippophae rhamnoides L. was planted in Heimaotugou, Desheng Xixiang, Zhungeer Banner for 7 years, and the vegetation coverage reached 6 1%. Although the gullies in the Loess Plateau are criss-crossed, Hippophae rhamnoides has strong vitality and fast reproductive ability, which is a "sharp weapon" to control gullies. Practice has proved that seabuckthorn is an effective measure to control sediment in the Yellow River. ?
Restore the biological chain
Vegetation is scarce in most areas of the Loess Plateau, and the ecological environment is extremely fragile. Taking seabuckthorn as a pioneer tree species can not only restore vegetation quickly, but also restore biological contact as soon as possible.
Seabuckthorn can not only adapt to the harsh natural environment, but also provide nutrients for the growth of other plants and create a suitable living environment because of its strong nitrogen fixation ability. It is an excellent pioneer tree species and mixed tree species. According to the investigation, after 4-5 years of artificial planting, the seabuckthorn forest is overgrown with weeds, and there are some secondary poplar, elm and other tree species, which naturally form plant diversity.
The results showed that the growth of poplar, elm and Robinia pseudoacacia mixed forest in seabuckthorn woodland increased by 129.7%, 1 10.5% and 130% respectively. According to the measurement in Youyu County, Shanxi Province, the soil organic matter content of 6-year-old seabuckthorn forest is 2. 13%, and the nitrogen content is 0. 1%, both of which are higher than that of cultivated land1times. After planting Hippophae rhamnoides, crops were planted in the wasteland without any fertilizer, and the yield in that year was more than 1 times higher than that in ordinary farmland. After three years of continuous planting, the soil fertility was not bad.
Landscape beautification
It is an excellent tree species for windbreak and sand fixation, soil and water conservation and soil improvement. ?
5. Economic value
Seabuckthorn is an economic plant, and its products are edible and medicinal. The former Soviet Union developed nearly ten kinds of drugs with seabuckthorn oil as raw material. There are more and more institutions and enterprises researching and developing seabuckthorn products in the world, and the development momentum is very strong. China has also developed rapidly in seabuckthorn product development.
Ordos, Inner Mongolia will soon build the largest seabuckthorn planting park. With the in-depth development of seabuckthorn industry, it will certainly promote the development of seabuckthorn processing industry in mountainous areas, and farmers can increase their income by harvesting seabuckthorn fruits and leaves. Seabuckthorn is a precious economic forest tree species with the largest variety of natural vitamins in the world. Seabuckthorn fruit can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, jam, preserved fruit, jelly, beverage, health care products and so on.
Extended data:
Medical efficacy
1, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Total flavonoids (TFH) extracted from fruits and leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides is a group of compounds containing seven flavonoids, among which isorhamnetin and quercetin are relatively high. Total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides can relieve angina pectoris, improve cardiac function and ischemic electrocardiogram, which is related to TFH's effects of increasing coronary blood flow, increasing myocardial nutrient blood flow, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Experts at home and abroad have confirmed that total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides can enhance cardiac function, enhance myocardial contractility and improve myocardial diastolic function, and have obvious antagonistic effect on myocardial ischemia caused by posterior pituitary gland. It can obviously reduce the myocardial infarction area caused by coronary artery occlusion, and also improve the hypoxia tolerance under normal pressure and low pressure.
2. Anti-cancer effect of Hippophae rhamnoides
The anti-cancer effect of seabuckthorn fruit is not only caused by immune mechanism or other ways, but also directly inhibits cancer cells and blocks carcinogens. When seabuckthorn juice is diluted to a drinkable concentration, the synthesis of N- nitroso can be prevented. In addition, seabuckthorn juice can also block and protect the carcinogen N- dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA). * Hippophae rhamnoides flavonoids contain coumarin, isocoumarin, furocoumarin, bitter rosin, polyphenols, 5- hydroxytryptamine and other components, which have comprehensive anti-cancer effects.
Experiments show that Hippophae rhamnoides extract has obvious curative and preventive effects on sarcoma, lymphocytes and leukemia. In addition, it has direct killing effects on human leukemia cell line (K562) and human gastric cancer cell line 790 1.
At the same time, it was also found that Hippophae rhamnoides extract could block the carcinogenesis of N- nitroso compounds and inhibit the precancerous lesions induced by aflatoxin B 1 The study of its mechanism of action shows that Hippophae rhamnoides extract can enhance human immune function, activate phagocytosis of macrophages and enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase, an oxygen free radical scavenger.
3. The preventive and therapeutic effects of Hippophae rhamnoides on liver diseases.
Seabuckthorn seed oil is extracted from seabuckthorn seeds by low temperature extraction technology, which is an edible oil with good liver protection and health care functions. Seabuckthorn seed oil can obviously inhibit the increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride, ethanol and paracetamol, and can resist the increase of MDA (malondialdehyde) content in liver. The mechanism is that seabuckthorn seed oil can resist the attack of CCl3 (carbon trichloride) free radical and protect the hepatocyte membrane. Seed oil has obvious protective effect on liver injury caused by ethanol and paracetamol.
4. The preventive and therapeutic effects of Hippophae rhamnoides on gastropathy.
Seabuckthorn has long been used in China to treat digestive system diseases, including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis and dyspepsia. Modern medical research has found that seabuckthorn seed oil can promote the healing of gastric ulcer caused by acetic acid method and chronic reserpine method. β-sitosterol -β-D- glucoside in Hippophae rhamnoides seed oil is an effective component against gastric ulcer, which can effectively protect gastric mucosa and inhibit gastric acid secretion, thus reducing gastric mucosal damage. Seabuckthorn seed oil also has the functions of diminishing inflammation, promoting granulation and promoting ulcer healing.
5. Seabuckthorn is effective for burns and scalds.
Seabuckthorn oil has the magical effect of promoting tissue regeneration and epithelial tissue healing, and has achieved excellent curative effect in clinical and folk treatment of burns, scalds, knife wounds and frostbite. It can not only treat mild burns and scalds, but also treat second and third degree burns. When it is applied to the burned surface, 2-3 times a day, satisfactory results can be obtained. Generally, it does not leave scars, and it is also effective for chemical burns. Seabuckthorn seed oil is also very effective in treating skin injuries such as burns and scalds.
6, seabuckthorn skin care and nourishing effect
The content of free fatty acids, hydrocarbons, total sterols, phospholipids, VE, VA and carotenoids in seabuckthorn seed oil is very high, which is several times or even dozens of times higher than other plants. These substances are easily absorbed by the skin and have skin care effects similar to sebum. The sebum component in seabuckthorn seed oil integrates vitamin E, A and provitamin, which has comprehensive nutrition and remarkable effect.
7. Anti-aging effect of seabuckthorn
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), the effective component of seabuckthorn fruit, has the functions of scavenging free radicals in human body, enhancing immune system function and regulating immunocompetent cells. It is an effective immunomodulator, which will play an extremely significant role in improving human disease resistance and delaying human aging.
Edible
nutritive value
The nutritional value of seabuckthorn fruit is very high, which contains fat, protein, sugar, salt and vitamins. Every 100g of seabuckthorn juice contains 500 mg-400 mg of vitamin C, 250 mg-400 mg of vitamin E, 0/0.05 mg-0.3 mg of vitamin B, 0.03 mg of vitamin B/kloc-5 g and 0/20.2 mg of vitamin B/kloc-0.
manufacturing method
1, sea buckthorn juice
Seabuckthorn fruit should be fresh, fully mature, free from pests and diseases, mildew, excellent flavor, rich aroma and rich juice. After selecting raw materials, it should be cleaned by machinery or hand. Fresh fruit can be squeezed directly with a screw press without crushing. 1 After pressing, mix the pomace evenly and loosely, and then press for the second time.
The fruit juice was allowed to stand in the clarifier for a period of time by natural clarification, so that the suspended matter in the fruit juice settled to the bottom. Then extract the clear juice from the upper layer in a plastic bucket, and the clear juice after filter pressing with a plate frame can be directly put into the plastic bucket without sterilization, added with 0.04% sodium benzoate, and sent to a cold storage, and the storage temperature is maintained at 4℃-5℃.
2. Seabuckthorn vinegar
Pour the selected 15kg seabuckthorn fruit into a jar, add 22.5kg Daqu, stir it up and down with a wooden rake, and ferment at room temperature of 20℃ for 15 days. Mix the fermented seabuckthorn fruit with 175kg bran, crush it with a pulverizer, put it in a jar and stir it evenly for the second fermentation. At this time, the temperature should not exceed 40℃. In order to avoid high temperature, the fermentation is completed every day 1 time, about 10 day.
Put the fermented seabuckthorn fruit into a vinegar-drenching tank to drench vinegar, and soak the vinegar residue after the first vinegar-drenching for 65438±00h hours for the second vinegar-drenching. The finished product is brownish yellow, slightly turbid, fragrant, sour and slightly astringent.
3. Seabuckthorn jam
Seabuckthorn fruits with excellent quality in 1989 were selected as raw materials, washed with clear water, drained, peeled and seeded to leave pulp, and 66.5 kg of filtered 75% sugar water (50 kg of sugar and 0/6.5 kg of water/kloc-0) was added to every 50 kg of pulp juice.
Sugar water can be added twice, that is, half of the sugar water is poured into an acid-resistant special pot and boiled, then the pulp is added and boiled for 20 minutes. When the pulp is transparent, add the remaining sugar water, boil for 25-30 minutes until the soluble solid content of the pulp reaches over 68%, and then can. After installation, it is best to seal it with a sealer and sterilize it in steam or water at 100℃ for 5-20 minutes.
After cooling, dry the water, and put it into storage after inspection. The finished pulp is orange-yellow, shiny and uniform, free of impurities such as sugar crystals and fruit stalks, with seabuckthorn flavor and no peculiar smell. Immediately treat the picked young leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides. If they cannot be completely treated immediately, they can be spread evenly in a cool and clean room with a temperature less than 25℃, and the spread thickness should not exceed 10cm. Manually de-enzyming, tilt the wok, fry quickly, turn it evenly, shake the fish thoroughly, the temperature of the wok is about 200℃, de-enzyming 10min, so that the smell of grass disappears.
After the tea leaves are dried, they are spread and dried, and then they are held together by hand by using the residual heat of the leaves and rolled forward to make the leaves into strips. When kneading, press hard in the order of light, heavy and light, and push in one direction. Knead for 25 minutes to 30 minutes, and the hand-holding process is completed. Put the rubbed leaves into the pot, stir fry with both hands in the pot, spread the leaves a few times to make them evenly heated, and repeat for 20 minutes.
When the leaves are first fried to be elastic and prickly, they can be taken out and spread to dry to make them moist and soft, and then the spread leaves are poured into a pot and re-fried at a temperature of about 90℃. Start gently and apply force evenly until the leaves get hot. Finally, put the leaves in a bag and store them in a dry and tasteless room.
4.seabuckthorn wine
Choose fully mature seabuckthorn fruit, and it is best to harvest it from February 65438 to March of the following year. After harvesting, it should be sorted to remove impurities, not too thick. Crush the seeds with a pulverizer. Don't crush the seeds, otherwise it will affect the quality of seabuckthorn wine. Put the fruit pulp into a tank with a volume of 80% of the container, and then add 50mg/L of sulfur dioxide at one time. Inoculate artificial yeast and stir well.
The fermentation temperature is controlled at 65438 08℃-23℃. If the sugar content in the fermentation process is low, 10% sugar solution can be added, and the main fermentation is finished after 14 days. After the main fermented raw wine is separated, it is put into a tank, the capacity of which is 90% of that of the container, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at about 23℃ until the fermentation stops, and then different barrels are put into the container. In order to prevent oxidation, the tank mouth should be sealed and transferred to the aging stage for more than half a year. Then adding 0.0 15% slurry and 80mg/L sulfur dioxide, and naturally freezing at low temperature in winter for 7 days to 15 days.
Pump the clarified top wine into other containers. Because the upper seabuckthorn wine contains seabuckthorn oil, it can be extracted by a high-speed separator or distilled as the bottom of the wine. After the management index is detected, the cotton cake is filtered by diatomite filter to get the finished product. The finished product of seabuckthorn wine is golden in color, clear and transparent, free of suspended matter and sediment, sweet and mellow in taste, sweet and sour and refreshing, and has a unique typical flavor of seabuckthorn fruit wine.
5. compound jam
Selecting ripe fruits in 1989 as raw materials, washing qualified seabuckthorn fruits with running water, removing sediment and impurities, draining water, pulping with a double-layer beater with a mesh of 1mm-2mm, and removing skin seeds to obtain seabuckthorn juice. Choose fresh carrots with moderate maturity, dense and fragile tissues, tender, non-shrinking, no chaff, no bolting, no frostbite, no pests and diseases, no mechanical damage as raw materials, remove the green parts of whiskers and roots, and rinse them fully with running water.
The cleaned carrots are sent to a vegetable cutter to be cut into thin slices of about 0.5cm, blanched with boiling water for 65438+/-0 minutes to 2 minutes, cooled and pulped to obtain carrot sauce. Select yellow-red dried orange peel, remove unqualified orange peel with mildew spots, orange net and impurities, and wash the sediment at the bottom of the canal with water. 1 min-2min blanching with 80℃ hot water until it softens again, then cooling and grinding for later use.
According to the formula requirements, the raw materials and auxiliary materials are evenly mixed in a stainless steel container, and are concentrated to 0.085MPa-0.09MPa (temperature is 50℃-60℃) under the pressure of stainless steel concentrated steam of about 0.2MPa, and then are quickly taken out of the pot when the soluble solid content is 57%-50%. Stir constantly during the concentration process to prevent burning. The finished product is even and golden in color, sweet and sour, and has a faint orange flavor.
References:
Seabuckthorn Fruit _ Baidu Encyclopedia