There are many ways to transform scientific and technological achievements driven by innovation.

Innovation is an important force to promote the development of a country and a nation, and also an important force to promote the development of the whole human society. Facing the great opportunities and challenges of the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, facing the trend changes and characteristics under the new normal of economic development, and facing the historical tasks and requirements of realizing the goal of "two hundred years", we must deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms and accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. We hereby put forward the following opinions. I. Overall Thinking and Main Objectives To speed up the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy is to make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and give full play to the role of the government, remove all ideological and institutional obstacles that restrict innovation, stimulate the innovation vitality and creative potential of the whole society, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of labor, information, knowledge, technology, management and capital. Strengthen the relationship between science and technology and economy, innovation and industry, innovation projects and real productivity, innovative labor of R&D personnel and their interest income, enhance the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic development, and create a policy environment and institutional environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. -adhere to demand orientation. Closely following the major needs of economic and social development, we will strive to open up the channel for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, strive to break down the obstacles for scientists, scientific and technological personnel, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs to innovate, and strive to solve the constraints of the transformation from factor-driven and investment-driven to innovation-driven, so that innovation can be truly implemented in creating new growth points and transforming innovation achievements into real industrial activities. -Adhere to talent first. We should regard talents as the first resource of innovation, pay more attention to cultivating, using and attracting all kinds of talents, promote the rational flow of talents, optimize the allocation, and innovate the training mode of talents; Pay more attention to strengthening the incentive mechanism and give more welfare and spiritual encouragement to scientific and technological personnel; Pay more attention to the innovative role of entrepreneurs and technical talents, and fully stimulate the innovative vitality of the whole society. -Adhere to the law. According to the characteristics of scientific and technological activities, grasp the laws of exploration and discovery in scientific research, and create good conditions and relaxed environment for scientists to concentrate on research, invention and technological breakthrough; Grasp the market rules of technological innovation, make the market the main means to optimize the allocation of innovative resources, make enterprises the main force of technological innovation, and make the intellectual property system the basic guarantee to stimulate innovation; Vigorously create a cultural and social atmosphere that dares to explore, encourages innovation and tolerates failure. -Adhere to comprehensive innovation. Put scientific and technological innovation at the core of the country's overall development, promote the reform of the scientific and technological system and economic and social fields as a whole, promote the innovation of science and technology, management, brand, organization and business model as a whole, promote the integration and innovation of national defense and civil technology as a whole, promote the cooperation and innovation of bringing in and going abroad as a whole, and realize the organic unity and coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation and open innovation. By 2020, an institutional environment and a policy and legal system that meets the requirements of innovation-driven development will be basically formed, providing a strong guarantee for entering the ranks of innovative countries. Free flow of talents, capital, technology and knowledge, collaborative innovation among enterprises, research institutes and institutions of higher learning, competitive generation of innovation vitality, full protection of innovation achievements, more reflection of innovation value, substantial improvement of innovation resource allocation efficiency, rational sharing of innovation benefits by innovative talents, so that the innovation-driven development strategy can truly land, thus creating a new engine to promote economic growth and employment and entrepreneurship, building new advantages in participating in international competition and cooperation, promoting the formation of a new pattern of sustainable development, and promoting the transformation of economic development mode. Second, create a level playing field to encourage innovation, give full play to the basic role of market competition in encouraging innovation, create a fair, open and transparent market environment, strengthen the guidance of competition and industrial policies to innovation, promote the survival of the fittest, and enhance the innovation power of market players. (a) the implementation of strict intellectual property protection system, improve the relevant laws of intellectual property protection, study and reduce the threshold of criminal responsibility for infringement, adjust the standard of damages, and explore the implementation of punitive damages system. Improve the right protection mechanism of the obligee and reasonably divide the burden of proof of the obligee. Improve the legal system for the protection of trade secrets, clarify the definition of trade secrets and infringement, study and formulate corresponding protection measures, and explore the establishment of a pre-litigation protection system. Study the intellectual property protection measures of new forms of innovation such as business model. We will improve the trial mechanism of intellectual property rights, promote the "integration of three trials" in civil, criminal and administrative cases of intellectual property rights, actively play the role of intellectual property courts, explore the cross-regional trial mechanism of intellectual property rights cases, and break the local protection of infringement. Improve the investigation mechanism of intellectual property infringement, strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and justice, strengthen comprehensive administrative law enforcement of intellectual property rights, improve the assistance system for intellectual property rights protection, and include infringement information in social credit records. (two) to break the industry monopoly and market segmentation that restrict innovation, accelerate the reform of monopoly industries, liberalize the competitive business of natural monopoly industries, and establish a unified, transparent, orderly and standardized market environment to encourage innovation. Effectively strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement, timely discover and stop monopolistic behaviors such as monopoly agreements and abuse of market dominance, and broaden the space for innovation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Break local protection, clean up and abolish the regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market, correct the improper subsidies of local governments or restrict and eliminate competition by using administrative power, and explore the implementation of a fair competition review system. (3) Improve the access management of new technologies, new products and new business models, reform the industrial access system, formulate and implement a negative list of industrial access, and all kinds of market entities can enter the industries, fields and businesses that are not included in the negative list management on an equal footing according to law. Break the unreasonable access barriers that restrict the development of new technologies, new products and new business models. Establish a convenient and efficient supervision mode for innovative products such as drugs and medical devices, deepen the reform of the review and approval system, increase the review resources through multiple channels, optimize the process, shorten the cycle, and support the development of new organizational models such as commissioned production. Implement targeted access policies for new energy vehicles, wind power, photovoltaics and other fields. We will improve supervision over the Internet, finance, environmental protection, health care, culture and education, and support and encourage the development of new formats and new business models. (4) Improve the industrial technology policy and management system, reform the industrial supervision system, change the pre-approval into post-event supervision according to law, and form an industrial policy orientation that is conducive to transformation and upgrading and encourages innovation. Strengthen the guidance and supervision of industrial technology policies, clarify and gradually improve the environmental protection, energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving, quality and safety indicators and related standards in production links and market access, and form a unified, authoritative, open and transparent market access standard system. Improve the technical standard system and strengthen the formulation and implementation of mandatory standards. Strengthen the process supervision of the implementation of industrial technology policies and standards. Strengthen the administrative law enforcement linkage mechanism of environmental protection, quality inspection, industry and commerce, safety supervision and other departments. (V) The formation of factor prices forces the innovation mechanism to use the mechanism that factor prices are mainly determined by the market, prompting enterprises to change from relying on excessive consumption of resources and energy and low-performance and low-cost competition to relying on innovation and implementing differentiated competition. Accelerate the reform of resource tax, gradually expand the resource tax to occupy various natural ecological spaces, and promote the change of environmental protection fees into taxes. Improve the market-oriented industrial land price formation mechanism. Improve the normal wage growth mechanism of enterprise employees and realize the adaptation of labor cost changes to the improvement of economic quality and efficiency. Third, establish a market-oriented mechanism for technological innovation, give full play to the guiding role of the market in the direction of technological research and development, path selection and allocation of various innovative resources, adjust innovation decision-making and organizational models, strengthen inclusive policy support, and promote enterprises to truly become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation. (6) Expand the right to speak of enterprises in national innovation decision-making, establish a high-level and normalized dialogue and consultation system for enterprise technological innovation, and give play to the important role of enterprises and entrepreneurs in national innovation decision-making. To attract more enterprises to participate in the research and formulation of national technological innovation plans, plans, policies and standards, and industrial experts and entrepreneurs should account for a large proportion in the relevant expert advisory groups. National science and technology planning should focus on strategic needs and key areas where the market cannot effectively allocate resources. The research and development direction, technical route and factor allocation mode of technological innovation in competitive industries should be decided by enterprises independently according to market demand. (seven) improve the industrial technology innovation mechanism with enterprises as the main body. Science and technology projects with clear market orientation are led by enterprises, guided by the government, and jointly implemented by universities and research institutes. Encourage the construction of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance led by enterprises and cooperated by Industry-University-Research. More financial subsidies and indirect investments are used. Support enterprises to make independent decisions and invest first, and carry out research and development of key technologies, equipment and standards for major industries. We will carry out pilot projects for innovation and transformation of leading enterprises and explore new mechanisms for the government to support technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation of enterprises. We will improve the innovative service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, accelerate the professional and market-oriented reform of institutions such as business incubation, intellectual property services and third-party testing and certification, and expand the technology trading market. Optimize the layout of national laboratories, key laboratories, engineering laboratories and engineering (technical) research centers, classify and integrate according to functional orientation, build an open and interactive innovation network, and establish an effective opening mechanism for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. Explore new modes of enterprise-led, university collaboration, multi-input, national defense and civil technology integration, and achievement sharing in strategic areas, and form a number of industrial innovation centers through integration. Increase the opening of major national scientific research infrastructure, large-scale scientific research instruments and patent basic information resources to the society. (8) Improve the support of inclusive fiscal and taxation policies, adhere to the direction of structural tax reduction, and gradually transform the state's investment in enterprise technological innovation into inclusive fiscal and taxation policies. Coordinate the research on the policy of adding and deducting enterprise income tax, improve the accounting method of enterprise R&D expenses, adjust the catalogue management method, and expand the application scope of the preferential policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses. Improve the identification methods of high-tech enterprises, and focus on encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to increase research and development.