Development course of microscope

The development of microscope: 1924, Lacassagne and his experimental partner * * * developed the radiography method to detect biological samples by using radioactive polonium. 1930, lebedev designed and matched the first interference microscope. In addition, the phase contrast microscope was invented by zernike in 1932. The phase difference observation developed by the two men extends the traditional optical microscope and enables biologists to observe various details on stained living cells.

194 1 year, Kuhns added antibodies and fluorescent dyes to detect cell antigens. 1952, Nomarski invented the interference phase difference optical system. This invention is not only patented, but also named after the inventor himself. 198 1 year, Allen and Inoue enhanced and compared the images in the principle of optical microscope, and the development tends to be perfect. 1988, confocal scanning microscope has been widely used in the market.

Microscope is an optical instrument composed of one lens or several lenses, which is the symbol of human entering the atomic age. Microscope can be divided into optical microscope and electron microscope. The optical microscope was first invented by Zhan Sen in the Netherlands in 1590. At present, the optical microscope can enlarge the object by 1600 times, and the lowest resolution reaches 1/2 wavelength. The length of the mechanical cylinder of domestic microscopes is generally 160 mm, and Levinhook from the Netherlands has made great contributions to the development of microscopes and microbiology.

Microscopic classification

Polarizing microscope: Polarizing microscope is a kind of microscope used to study so-called transparent and opaque anisotropic materials, which has important applications in geology and other science and engineering majors. Under the polarizing microscope, all substances with birefringence can be clearly distinguished. Of course, these substances can also be observed by dyeing, but some can't, and a polarizing microscope must be used.

Optical microscope: usually consists of optical part, illumination part and mechanical part. There is no doubt that the optical part is the most critical, consisting of eyepiece and objective lens. As early as 1590, glasses manufacturers in the Netherlands and Italy have made magnifying instruments similar to microscopes.

Electron microscope: Electron microscope has similar basic structural features to optical microscope, but it has much higher magnification and resolution than optical microscope. It uses electron flow as a new light source to image objects.

Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Microscope