surgical operation
Surgical treatment is still one of the main treatments for breast cancer. There are many surgical methods, but there is still no consensus on their choice. The general development trend is to minimize surgical injuries. When the equipment conditions permit, patients with early breast cancer should try their best to keep the breast shape. No matter which surgical method is chosen, radical treatment is the main method, supplemented by function and morphology.
Surgical indication
Radical mastectomy, initiated by halsted, has become the standard way to treat breast cancer for hundreds of years because of its reasonable operation and clear curative effect. In the past half century, people have made many exploratory improvements in the surgical methods of breast cancer. The general trend is nothing more than conservatism and amplification. There is still controversy about local mastectomy and total mastectomy, which is a representative conservative operation. Radiotherapy is needed after the operation. Generally, the radiation dose ranges from 30 to 70 Gy, which can achieve good results for the limited early cancer with strict selection. However, it is still difficult to draw a conclusion whether it is a routine treatment for early breast cancer and how to choose this one.
Surgical contraindications
(1). General contraindications: ① patients with distant tumor metastasis, ② elderly and infirm patients who can't tolerate surgery, ③ patients with poor general condition and cachexia, ④ patients with major organ dysfunction who can't tolerate surgery, (2). Contraindications to local lesions: ① Patients with stage ⅲ have one of the following conditions: ① The orange-peel edema of breast skin exceeds half of the breast area; ② Satellite nodules appeared in breast skin; ③ Breast cancer invaded the chest wall; ④ Clinical examination showed that parasternal lymph nodes were enlarged and metastasis was confirmed; ⑤ Edema of the affected upper limb; ⑥ Supraclavicular lymph nodes were pathologically confirmed as metastasis; ⑦ Inflammatory breast cancer has two of the following five conditions: ① tumor ulceration; (2) The celluloid edema of breast skin accounts for less than1/3 of the total breast area; ② Cancer and fixation of pectoralis major; ④ The maximum diameter of axillary lymph nodes is larger than 2.5cm；; ⑤ Axillary lymph nodes adhere to each other or to deep skin tissue.
Mode of operation
(1). Radical mastectomy: In 1894, Halsted and Meger respectively published the surgical principles of radical mastectomy: ① The primary focus and regional lymph nodes should be removed together; ② Excision of all mammary glands and pectoral muscles; ③ Total axillary lymph node resection Haagensen improved radical mastectomy, emphasizing that the operation should be particularly thorough, mainly including ① careful peeling of skin flap; ② After the flap was completely separated, pectoralis major and pectoralis minor were cut off from the chest wall and turned outwards; (3) When dissecting armpits, the chest length and diameter should be preserved. If there are no obvious swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, the thoracodorsal nerve can also be preserved. ④ The common complications in skin grafting for chest wall defect are: ① axillary vein injury: it is mostly caused by unclear dissection of the fat and lymphatic tissue around the axillary vein or too close to the trunk of the axillary vein when cutting off its branches, so it is very important to clearly expose and keep a few broken ends of branches. (2) Extended radical mastectomy: Extended radical mastectomy includes radical mastectomy, that is, radical mastectomy and internal mammary lymph node dissection, that is, 1-4 intercostal lymph nodes need to be removed. The second, third and fourth costal cartilages need to be removed. There are intrapleural surgery and extrapleural surgery. The former has many traumatic complications, so the latter is often used. (3) Simulated radical mastectomy (modified radical mastectomy) is mainly used for non-invasive cancer or stage I invasive cancer with no obvious axillary lymph node enlargement in stage II, and (3.1) type I can also be selected: the principle of pectoralis minor skin incision and flap separation is the same as that of radical mastectomy, and total mastectomy (fascia resection in pectoralis major surgery) is performed first. The anatomy from breast to axillary side and axillary lymph nodes are basically the same as those of radical surgery. The diameter of the chest should be preserved, and the whole breast and axillary lymphatic tissue should be completely removed (3.2). Type ⅱ: the skin incision of pectoralis minor was removed, and the pectoralis major was preserved. Free the breast to the outer edge of pectoralis major, then cut off the attachment point of the 456th rib of pectoralis major, and turn it upward to expand the surgical field of vision. Cut off the attachment point of pectoralis minor muscle at the coracoid process of scapula. The following steps are the same as radical operation, but pay attention to preserving the thoracic nerve and accompanying blood vessels. Finally, the whole pectoralis minor and axillary lymph tissue (4) are cut off. Simple mastectomy: As an ancient operation, it was once replaced by radical mastectomy. In recent years, with the development of breast cancer biology, total mastectomy has aroused people's concern about its indications: first, early cases with non-invasive or axillary lymph node metastasis can be treated without radiotherapy after operation; 2. Simple mastectomy combined with radiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. If total mastectomy still needs complicated breast reconstruction according to the increasing aesthetic requirements, it is not suitable for young and middle-aged women. Early disease, therefore, its main indications should be limited to the elderly who can only be palliative resection or some advanced cases (5) are less than total mastectomy. In recent years, due to the progress of radiotherapy equipment, lesions were found earlier than before, and patients' requirements for postoperative quality of life were improved. Therefore, many conservative surgical methods less than total mastectomy were reported, ranging from local excision to L/4 mastectomy. Some breast-conserving operations with radiotherapy were not suitable for all breast cancer cases, nor could they replace all radical mastectomy. In order to avoid local recurrence, the indications are as follows: ① Small tumors are suitable for clinical T 1 and partial T2 (less than 4 cm) lesions; ② Peripheral tumors located under areola are often inappropriate; ③ Single lesion; ④ It is often inappropriate to see the tumor boundary clearly with naked eye or microscope; ⑤ The therapeutic effect of axillary lymph node metastasis is related to the following factors: ① The tumor margin must have a normal boundary, and if there is enough normal tissue at the margin, the prognosis will be better; ② The size and histological grade of the primary tumor; ③ The local recurrence rate is high without radiotherapy after operation.
Radiation therapy
There are many radiation complications, even resulting in partial loss of function. At the same time, it can be combined with Zhenqing powder to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is the main part of breast cancer treatment and one of the local treatment methods. Compared with surgical treatment, it is less limited by anatomical factors such as the patient's physique. However, the effect of radiotherapy is influenced by the biological effects of radiation. It is difficult to achieve the goal of "completely killing" the tumor with the commonly used radiotherapy facilities at present, and the effect is not as good as that of surgery. Therefore, most scholars do not advocate radiotherapy alone for curable breast cancer. It is mostly used for comprehensive treatment, including adjuvant treatment before or after radical mastectomy. Palliative treatment of early breast cancer In recent 10 years, comprehensive treatment with local resection as the main method has been increasing, and the curative effect is not significantly different from that of radical surgery. Radiotherapy has played an important role in narrowing the scope of surgery. (1) preoperative radiotherapy 1. Indication (1) estimates that the primary focus is large, It is difficult to operate directly. (2) The tumor grows rapidly and obviously in a short time. (3) The primary focus has obvious skin edema or adhesion of pectoral muscles. (4) Axillary lymph nodes are large or obviously adhered to skin and surrounding tissues. (5) The tumor retraction is not ideal after preoperative chemotherapy. (6) Patients with inflammatory breast cancer who strive for surgical resection. (1) The role of preoperative radiotherapy can improve the surgical resection rate, so that some patients who cannot be operated can get another one. Because radiotherapy prolongs the preoperative observation time, some cases of subclinical distant metastasis can avoid unnecessary surgery. 3. The disadvantages of preoperative radiotherapy increase postoperative complications and affect the correct staging and hormone receptor determination. 4. The application method of preoperative radiotherapy should adopt high-energy radiation as much as possible, which can better protect normal tissues and reduce complications. At present, most of them adopt conventional segmentation and moderate dosage, which is generally not fast. 4 ~ 6 weeks after rapid radiotherapy or hyperfractionation radiotherapy is ideal. (2) Whether postoperative radiotherapy is needed after radical surgery has always been the most controversial issue in the treatment of breast cancer. In recent years, many authors admit that postoperative radiotherapy can reduce the local recurrence rate. Since Fishor put forward a new viewpoint of breast cancer, the treatment of breast cancer has gradually shifted from local treatment to comprehensive treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is no longer used as a routine treatment after radical surgery, but is used selectively.
indicate
(1) After simple mastectomy, (2) After radical mastectomy, the pathology reported that there was lymph node metastasis in the middle or upper armpit, (3) After radical mastectomy, it was confirmed by pathology that the metastatic lymph nodes accounted for more than half of the total number of lymph nodes examined, or there were more than 4 lymph nodes metastasis, (4) Cases of lymph node metastasis in breast were confirmed by pathology (irradiation in supraclavicular area), and (5) The primary lesion was located in the center or inside the breast, especially.
Principles of radiotherapy
(1) After radical mastectomy or sham radical mastectomy, patients whose primary focus is axillary lymph nodes in the outer quadrant of the breast will not receive radiotherapy after operation. When axillary lymph nodes were positive, the internal mammary region and supraclavicular region were irradiated after operation. When the pathological examination of axillary lymph nodes in the central area or inner quadrant of breast is negative, only the inner area of breast is irradiated after operation. When axillary lymph nodes are positive, they will irradiate the upper and lower clavicle areas. (2) After radical mastectomy for stage Ⅲ breast cancer, the medial breast region and the supraclavicular region will be irradiated regardless of whether axillary lymph nodes are positive or negative. (3) According to the positive number of axillary lymph nodes and the involvement of chest wall, chest wall irradiation can be considered or not. After radical mastectomy, axillary lymph nodes have been cleared. Under normal circumstances, axillary irradiation should not be performed unless the operation gap is incomplete or there are residual lesions. (4) Radiotherapy should be started within 4-6 weeks after operation, and can be extended to 8 weeks if there is skin grafting. (3) Radiotherapy is the main treatment. In the past, radiotherapy was usually palliative for patients with locally advanced tumors without surgical indications. In recent years, with the improvement of radiotherapy equipment and technology and the progress of radiobiology research, radiotherapy can make local tumors get higher dose with less damage to surrounding normal tissues, and the therapeutic effect is obviously improved. At present, the study of minor surgery plus radiotherapy for early breast cancer has changed the treatment of breast cancer from palliative radiotherapy to radical radiotherapy. For patients whose primary focus is less than 3cmN0 or N 1, minor surgery plus radiotherapy is still an effective local treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Resection of all tumors before radiotherapy or simple mastectomy can improve the curative effect (4). Postoperative radiotherapy for recurrent metastatic breast cancer is a bad sign, but it is not hopeless. Proper local treatment can improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time. In terms of irradiation, Oto irradiation is better than Xiaoye irradiation. For recurrent cases, comprehensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be used, especially for rapidly developing recurrent cases. When distant metastasis of breast cancer occurs, chemotherapy should be considered first to relieve symptoms and patients' pain. For example, in patients with bone metastases, the pain can be alleviated or disappeared after radiotherapy. For patients with thoracolumbar metastasis, radiotherapy can prevent or delay paraplegia.
endocrinotherapy
There is a clear relationship between the determination of hormone receptor and the curative effect of breast cancer: ① The effective rate of endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor positive patients is 50% ~ 60%, and that for negative patients is less than 65,438+00%. At the same time, the determination of progesterone receptor can more accurately estimate the effective rate of endocrine therapy in two positive patients, which can reach more than 77%. The relationship between receptor content and curative effect is that the higher the receptor content, the better the curative effect. ② Cells with negative receptors are often negative for poorly differentiated receptors. Patients are prone to recurrence after operation, and lymph node metastasis is not considered. The prognosis of negative patients is worse than that of positive patients. Positive patients are prone to skin, soft tissue or bone metastasis, while negative patients are prone to visceral metastasis. ③ The determination of hormone receptor has been used to formulate postoperative adjuvant therapy. Endocrine therapy can be used as postoperative adjuvant therapy for positive patients, especially postmenopausal patients, and adjuvant chemotherapy is mainly used for premenopausal or hormone receptor negative patients.
Edit this chemotherapy
Principles of adjuvant chemotherapy
Chemotherapy can inhibit the decline of bone marrow hematopoietic system, mainly white blood cells and platelets. At this time, it is necessary to take Zhenqing Powder to make up for the deficiency of chemotherapy and reduce the damage of chemotherapy to hematopoietic system. Most breast cancer is a systemic disease, which has been confirmed by many experimental studies and clinical observations. When breast cancer develops to a mass larger than the clinical palpable mass of lcm, it is often a systemic disease with distant micrometastasis, which can only be found by current examination methods. The purpose of surgical treatment is to control the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes to the maximum extent, reduce local recurrence and improve the survival rate. But after tumor resection, there are still residual tumor cells in the body. Breast cancer is a systemic disease when it is diagnosed. The purpose of systemic chemotherapy is to eradicate the residual tumor cells in the body and improve the surgical cure rate.
Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy
1. Significance of preoperative chemotherapy (1) Control micrometastasis as soon as possible (2) Degenerate or partially kill primary cancer and its surrounding cancer cells to reduce postoperative recurrence and metastasis (3) Restrict the implementation of surgical treatment for advanced breast cancer and inflammatory breast cancer. Preoperative chemotherapy can shrink the tumor and facilitate surgical resection (4). The effect of preoperative chemotherapy can be evaluated according to the resected tumor specimens, which can be used as a reference for selecting chemotherapy schemes after operation or recurrence. 2. preoperative chemotherapy method (1) preoperative systemic chemotherapy: from 1978, the cancer hospital of Shanghai medical university gave 15mg pyrimidine nitrogen mustard to 96 breast cancer patients every day. After the operation, the total dose was 45 mg. Compared with 94 control groups, the 5-year survival rate of patients in the third stage was 56.3% in the drug group and 39.3% in the control group. (2) preoperative arterial infusion chemotherapy: there are two methods: intrathoracic arterial intubation and subclavian arterial intubation.
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy
1. Indications for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (1) Postmenopausal women with positive axillary lymph nodes should use prescription combined chemotherapy regardless of the status of estrogen receptor (2) Postmenopausal women with positive axillary lymph nodes and estrogen receptor should be the first choice for anti-estrogen treatment (3). Postmenopausal women with positive axillary lymph nodes and negative estrogen receptors can consider chemotherapy, but it is not recommended as a standard regimen (4) Premenopausal women with negative axillary lymph nodes generally do not recommend adjuvant therapy, but adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for some high-risk patients (5). Postmenopausal women with negative axillary lymph nodes have no indication of adjuvant chemotherapy, but some high-risk patients should consider adjuvant chemotherapy. The high-risk recurrence factors of axillary lymph node negative breast are: ① hormone receptor (ERPR) negative; ② The proportion of S-phase cells in tumor is high; ③ aneuploid tumor; ④ Overexpression or amplification of oncogene CERBB-2; 2. Modern viewpoint of adjuvant chemotherapy (1). Adjuvant chemotherapy should be given early after operation, at least within two weeks and not more than one month after operation. If the lesion is obvious, the curative effect will be reduced. (2) Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with chemotherapy is superior to single drug chemotherapy. (3) Adjuvant chemotherapy needs to reach a certain dose, reaching 85% of the original planned dose.
Breast cancer diet
Dietary principles for patients with breast cancer: 1. It is emphasized that balanced nutrition and strengthening the body resistance and tonifying deficiency of breast cancer patients are the main contradictions in the process of disease occurrence and development. Cancer is due to deficiency, deficiency is due to cancer, deficiency is combined with reality, and deficiency is the foundation. The purpose of dietotherapy is to ensure that breast cancer patients have enough nutritional supplements, improve the body's disease resistance and promote the rehabilitation of patients. The general principle should be to strengthen the vital energy and make up the deficiency. Therefore, Neijing said: "The whole grain, meat, vegetables, food and nutrition are also harmful to it." Under the guidance of the general principle of strengthening vital energy and tonifying deficiency, the diet treatment of breast cancer patients should be nutritious, diverse and balanced. As Neijing said: "Five grains are for nourishment, five fruits are for help, five livestock are for benefit, and five vegetables are for supplement." If you are biased, it will be harmful. 2, familiar with the attribution of sexual taste, emphasizing the dialectical feeding of breast cancer and other diseases, patients have differences in yin and yang, cold and heat. Food also has four flavors: cold, hot, cold, bitter, sour and salty. Heat syndrome should be cold and cool, and cold syndrome should be warm; The five flavors have their own paths, sweet into the spleen, pungent into the lungs, salty into the kidney, bitter into the heart and sour into the liver. Xin Wen powder, such as ginger and scallion; Sweet and mild, such as yam, Euryale ferox, caramel; Light and transparent, such as white gourd and coix seed; Sour, such as ebony and hawthorn; Salty and soft, such as laver, kelp, oyster, etc. 3. Choose anti-cancer food, and strive for targeted medicine and food homology. Some foods have both dietotherapy and anticancer effects, and can be applied in a targeted way. Folk use it with cloves and persimmons to treat esophageal cancer, breast cancer and liver cancer. Experiments have proved that it has inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor in mice caused by carcinogenic virus. Foods in daily life, such as garlic, bean products, green tea, etc. It is also an anticancer drug. In addition, according to the latest findings of American Journal of Epidemiology, middle-aged women with family history of breast cancer, especially after early detection of breast cancer, take some ginseng under the guidance of doctors, which is very beneficial to prevention and rehabilitation. (See Yishou Digest, No.4, 2009) It is advisable (1) to eat more foods with anti-breast cancer effects, such as hippocampus, horseshoe crab, cobra meat, sperm whale oil, toad meat, crab, red kelp, kelp and so on.
Clams, oysters, hawksbill meat, kelp, asparagus, cauliflower. (2) Eat more foods that can enhance immunity and prevent recurrence, including mulberry, kiwi, bamboo shoots, pumpkin, coix seed, kidney beans, yam, mushrooms, shrimp skin, crabs, herring, prawns, snakes, etc. (3) Coix seed, towel gourd, red bean, taro, grape, lychee, water chestnut, crucian carp, pond lice, mackerel, loach, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and snail are suitable for swelling reduction. (4) Fennel, chopped green onion, shrimp, sea dragon, sesame oil whale, orange cake, grapefruit, horseshoe crab (1), tobacco, wine, coffee and cocoa should all be eaten. (2) Avoid spicy food, such as pepper, ginger and cinnamon. (3) Avoid greasy, fried, moldy and pickled food. (4) Avoid cocks and other hairs.
Inventory: Names and descriptions of foods to prevent breast cancer.
Although the incidence of breast cancer is high, it can be prevented. As long as we actively treat hyperplasia of mammary glands and pay attention to diet, the threat of breast cancer will be reduced. As the saying goes, prevention is better than early treatment. Now I recommend several recipes that can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Classic preventive food (1): Phytoestrogens contained in soybean and Chinese cabbage can effectively inhibit the production of estrogen in human body, and excessive estrogen is one of the main causes of breast cancer. Experiments show that the proportion of breast cancer in a group of mice who often eat soybean flour is 70% lower than that in mice who don't eat soybean flour. In addition, Chinese cabbage contains a compound called indole -3- methanol, which can increase the amount of an important enzyme in the body, help decompose excessive estrogen and prevent breast cancer. Classic preventive food (2): Flax contains phytoestrogens, which can effectively reduce the negative effects of estrogen in the body. Flaxseed is a good choice, or choose two tablespoons flaxseed oil to mix well. Classic preventive food (3): Black raspberry contains polyphenols, which can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Classic preventive food (4): Broccoli and carrot buds help to form inorganic salts and inhibit the growth of tumors.
Edit this prescription for pain relief for advanced breast cancer
1. Drug therapy. (1) Common analgesics such as aspirin and paracetamol should be considered first. Most of these drugs are aspirin.
Giving patients pain relief, especially taking it regularly, can avoid pain; (2) When general analgesics are ineffective, dolantin, morphine and other anesthetics can be used. Recently, our country relaxed the dosage of these drugs, which can effectively stop cancer pain. 2. Surgical treatment: Surgical analgesia is to cut off the nerve pathways that transmit pain stimuli to the brain. The method is nerve root amputation or fasciotomy. After the operation, the pain disappeared, and so did the feeling of cold and heat and stress. During the operation, patients and their families must be explained clearly. 3. Nerve block to relieve pain: inject drugs into or around the nerve to prevent nerve conduction pain. Local anesthetics and corticosteroids are used for temporary analgesia, and the analgesic time can last for a long time after injection of phenol and ethanol. Its side effect is that the affected area loses all consciousness. 4. Acupuncture: Acupuncture has a certain anesthetic effect and also has a certain analgesic effect on patients with advanced breast cancer. 5. Distraction method: arouse the patient's enthusiasm, distract attention, shift attention to other aspects, and not pay attention to pain. This method can sometimes stop the most severe pain. 6. Skin stimulation method: Stimulate the skin by rubbing, warming, pressurizing, etc., so as to excite the nerve endings of the skin, thus blocking the pain and alleviating the pain.
Edit this paragraph. Can breast cancer be inherited?
Children's genetic material is half from their father and half from their mother. If either parent is genetically defective, it may be passed on to their children. It has been proved that hereditary breast cancer is related to these genetic defects. People with genetic defects are prone to breast cancer, so breast cancer is passed on to the next generation through the transmission of genetic defects. This genetic defect has been found in white women, and the risk of breast cancer in women with this defect is much higher than that in the general population. Therefore, detecting these gene defects in the high-risk population of breast cancer is beneficial to the early diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer.
Editing this high-intensity chemotherapy can not improve the prognosis of breast cancer.
Dr Manfred Haenszel of the University of Heidelberg pointed out that previous studies found that P53 and Her2/neu were prognostic factors for conventional treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, the prognosis of high-risk breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis is poor with traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, researchers began to study the therapeutic effect of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation assisted with high-intensity chemotherapy from 1992. The researchers selected common clinical parameters, such as tumor size, number of axillary lymph node metastasis and several other commonly used laboratory indicators, including hormone receptor level and tumor grade, to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer. In addition, the molecular indexes of tumor were analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Surprisingly, the predicted values of routine clinical parameters are lower than those of modern molecular indicators. Dr. Haenszel believes that in the future, high-intensity chemotherapy may be used for breast cancer patients with overexpression of P53 and Her2/neu, while other breast cancer patients may need other treatment schemes, such as antibody therapy, tumor vaccine and cell therapy.
Edit this paragraph. Can men get breast cancer?
Breast diseases are approaching to urban men, and male undeveloped breasts now appear in the crowd, such as breast hypertrophy, breast lump, breast cancer and so on. Because of the small size of male breasts, early illness is easily overlooked, and many men are indifferent to breast diseases. They think that only women get sick there, and they never believe that they will have problems like women. Don't think that breast diseases are women's "patents". In fact, men will also have breast diseases. Breast diseases are approaching to urban men, and male undeveloped breasts now appear in the crowd, such as breast hypertrophy, breast lump, breast cancer and so on. Because of the small size of male breasts, early illness is easily overlooked, and many men are indifferent to breast diseases. They think that only women get sick there, and they never believe that they will have problems like women. When there is a real problem, I usually go to the hospital for surgery. I never knew that breast specialist was also open to men. As for why urban men also suffer from this disease in recent years, most experts believe that it is not unrelated to endocrine abnormalities, radiation damage and long-term use of chronic drugs. For example, men with prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer have enlarged breasts due to long-term use of estrogen-containing drugs. For example, modern men eat more seafood with high fat and high protein in their diet, which is also the reason for the change of sex hormones in the body. Among all kinds of male breast diseases, the age ranges from 30 to 80, while male breast cancer patients are characterized by older age, long course of disease and poor prognosis. Its early symptoms even appear in the form of proliferation. The doctor reminds: Men should not despise this part of the body. When their breasts have unclear boundaries, lumps, itchy nipples, eczema and withdrawal symptoms, they should go to the hospital immediately and stop taking too many drugs containing hormones. Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment of male breast diseases are particularly important.
Editing this paragraph breastfeeding can reduce the occurrence of breast cancer.
According to the report of foreign media Reuther's Health, breastfeeding mothers can get a new benefit, which is to reduce the risk of breast cancer by about 30%. This study found that as long as the mother has breast-fed, no matter how long or how long she breast-fed, the risk of breast cancer can be reduced. Although the reason is unknown, preliminary statistical results show that breast-feeding mothers are really less likely to get breast cancer. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that newborns should be breastfed for at least six months. Newborns are stronger and have more balanced nutrition, which is the first important thing to train the next generation. I believe it is more effective than spending a lot of money on English lessons in the future. Moreover, it is found that it can prevent breast cancer, which is worth pondering by expectant mothers.
What should diet editors pay attention to after breast cancer surgery?
1. Breast cancer should eat kelp, laver, laver, oyster, asparagus, fresh kiwi fruit and other foods with the functions of resolving phlegm, softening and resolving hard masses. 2. Postoperative diet recuperation can give products that can replenish qi and nourish blood, regulate qi and dissipate stagnation, consolidate curative effect and promote physical recovery. Such as mountain flour, glutinous rice, coix seed, spinach, loofah, kelp, loach, crucian carp, jujube, orange, hawthorn and so on. 3. During radiotherapy, you should eat sweet, cool and moist products, such as loquat, pear, banana, lotus root, carrot and jellyfish. 4. Digestive tract reaction and bone marrow suppression are easy to occur during chemotherapy, and products that can reduce stomach, replenish qi and nourish blood can be eaten, such as fresh ginger juice, sugarcane juice, fresh fruit juice, tomato, japonica rice, white lentils, Ganoderma lucidum and auricularia auricula. 5. In the late stage of breast cancer, in addition to the above foods, you can also choose nutritious foods, such as crucian carp, silkworm chrysalis, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits. 6. Breast cancer patients should appropriately reduce fat intake, such as eating less fat, cheese and cream. And avoid spicy products, such as pepper, pepper, garlic, garlic moss, green onions, onions, mustard greens, leeks, old pumpkins, alcohol and so on. , so as not to help the fire produce phlegm.
Edit this paragraph to prevent breast cancer.
1, avoid using diuretics: diuretics really help to expel fluids from the body and reduce breast swelling. However, excessive use of diuretics will lead to the loss of potassium, destroy the electrolyte balance and affect the formation of glucose, which is not good for breast health. 2. Change eating habits: adopt a low-fat and high-fiber diet and eat more cereals, vegetables and beans. 3, often massage the breast: gently massage the breast, let excess body fluids return to the lymphatic system. When massaging, first apply soap solution to the breast, rotate your fingers along the surface of the breast and draw a circle about the size of a coin. Then press the breast in by hand and bounce it up, which is very helpful to prevent breast discomfort. 4. Wear a stable bra: In addition to preventing sagging breasts, it is more important to prevent the oppressed breast nerves from being further compressed and eliminate discomfort. 5, do not eat high-salt food: high-salt food is easy to make breasts swell, especially 7 ~ 10 days before menstruation. 6, try hot compress: hot compress is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, you can use hot compress bag or hot water bath to relieve breast pain. If cold and hot compress are used alternately, the effect of eliminating breast discomfort will be better. 7. Prevention of obesity: For obese women, losing weight can help relieve breast pain. 8. Castor oil for chest: Castor oil contains a substance that can improve lymphocyte function, which can accelerate the recovery of various infections and relieve pain. The method is: drop castor oil on the cotton cloth folded into four layers, so that it is covered with castor oil, but not too wet to avoid dripping everywhere. Apply this cloth to the breast, cover it with plastic film, and then put it in a hot compress bag. Adjust the hot compress bag to the heat you can bear and apply it for one hour. 9. Don't abuse drugs: Some people take some anti-inflammatory drugs or herbs at will to stop breast pain, which is wrong and dangerous, because local steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can't be used for breast pain.
Edit the cure rate of breast cancer in this paragraph.
According to the statistics of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the early cure rate of the disease can be as high as 97%, but the late cure rate is only about 40%. The disease stage is the most important factor affecting the prognosis when breast cancer is diagnosed. However, due to the restriction of China's economic and cultural development, the disease stages of breast cancer patients are relatively late, and the proportion of patients with stage ⅲ and ⅳ is about 30%, while that of the United States is about 15%. The earlier breast cancer is found, the better the treatment effect. If found early, the problem may be solved by surgery and single treatment. There is no need to apply chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy with great side effects; The later the illness, the more difficult the treatment.