(1) scientific discovery. For example, new discoveries and new understandings of natural phenomena, social phenomena and their laws, as well as pure scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(2) Rules and methods of intellectual activities. For example, methods of educating and training people and animals; Plans and rules for organizing production, operation and games; Simple computer program;
(3) Diagnosis and treatment of diseases;
(4) Species of animals and plants;
(5) substances obtained by nuclear transformation.
Among them, (1) and (2) can't get patent protection because they don't belong to the category of technological inventions. Item (3) is related to people's life and health, so it is not appropriate to grant a patent right. However, various methods for detecting and testing human excreta, hair and body fluid samples and tissue sections are not diagnostic methods of diseases. Item (4) Because it is very difficult to confirm the genetic traits of animal and plant varieties, it is difficult to protect them with patents, and special laws and regulations are usually formulated internationally. Item (5) cannot be patented because it is closely related to the manufacture and production of weapons of mass destruction. Although the method in the above item (3) cannot be protected, the invention of various instruments and equipment for diagnosing and treating diseases can be protected. Although the products in items (4) and (5) cannot be protected, their production methods, equipment and tools used in production and research can be protected.