Do Xiamen University students have to go through the school to apply for a patent?

Not necessarily/possibly

You can apply by yourself or through the school. In fact, it mainly depends on the ownership of patent application right.

In fact, it mainly depends on the purpose of your patent application. If it is to protect your research results, you can apply for it yourself; If you want to get some preferential policies from the school, it depends on whether the school stipulates that you must submit a patent application with the school as the applicant. This depends on the school regulations.