Patent literally refers to exclusive rights and interests. The word "patent" comes from Latin "Litterae patentes", which means open letters or open documents. It is a certificate used by medieval monarchs to issue certain privileges, and later refers to the exclusive right certificate signed by the British king himself.
In modern times, patents are generally documents issued by government agencies or regional organizations representing several countries according to their applications. This kind of document records the contents of the invention and creation, and in a certain period of time, it has produced such a legal state that the patented invention and creation can only be implemented by others with the permission of the patentee. In China, there are three kinds of patents: inventions, utility models and designs.
The full name of SCI is Science Citation Index, which is a world-famous periodical literature retrieval tool published by institute for scientific information (ISI). Its publishing forms include printed periodicals, CD-ROM versions and online databases, as well as online databases on the Internet. SCI contains about 3,500 core journals published all over the world in the fields of mathematics, science, chemistry, agriculture, forestry, medicine, life sciences, astronomy, geography, environment, materials and engineering technology. ISI selects periodical sources through its strict periodical selection criteria and evaluation procedures, with a slight increase or decrease every year, so that the literature collected by SCI can comprehensively cover the most important and influential research achievements in the world. ISI refers to the most influential research achievements, which means that a large number of documents reporting these achievements are cited by other documents.