will cause various brain diseases, reduce the oxygen and blood circulating in the brain, lead to bleeding and occlusion of blood vessels in the brain, and lead to paralysis, mental decline and stroke. The reason of stroke is that smoking leads to cerebral vasospasm, which makes blood coagulation easier. Smokers are twice as likely to have a stroke as nonsmokers.
throat
Smoking can cause laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer patients are mostly male.
Research on heart and blood vessels
It is found that smoking can increase the viscosity of platelets in the blood, which makes the blood coagulate more easily, thus easily forming thrombus in the coronary artery. At the same time, smoking can also increase the low-density cholesterol in the blood, which makes it easy for fatty substances to deposit in blood vessels and form coronary atherosclerosis. If the coronary artery hardens, its lumen will become thinner. Once the blood solidifies in it, the artery will be blocked. At this time, oxygen cannot be sent to this part of the heart muscle, and myocardial cells will fail and die due to lack of oxygen. This is myocardial infarction. Local myocardial infarction can cause angina pectoris, while large-scale myocardial infarction can make people go into shock, or die because the heart suddenly stops beating. This is acute myocardial infarction. Smoking constricts blood vessels, slows down the circulation of blood and oxygen, and eventually leads to the thickening of blood vessel walls, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking will completely block the blood circulation of hands and feet, resulting in amputation.
Doctors advise smokers that if you have a family history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease or heart disease, you should stop smoking immediately, because smoking will increase your risk of myocardial infarction by dozens of times. The death rate of heart disease caused by smoking accounts for 25% of the total. The prevalence rate of smokers over 5 years old has doubled. The prevalence rate of smokers under the age of 5 has increased by 9 to 14 times.
lungs
smoking can cause lung cancer. 9% of the total mortality rate is caused by smoking. A person who smokes ten cigarettes a day has a prevalence rate ten times that of non-smokers. The damaged cells cannot return to normal. The initial symptoms will not be detected until the cancerous cells spread to blood vessels and other organs. Up to now, lung cancer is a kind of cancer that causes the most deaths of human beings, and it is almost impossible to find it early. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is less than 5% after 3 years, and almost zero after 5 years. Doctors suggest that smokers should have a chest X-ray every 3 ~ 6 months. If there are symptoms such as dry cough, bloodshot sputum, dull pain in the chest and fever, they should not take it lightly. They should immediately go to the hospital for sputum exfoliated cells examination. Only in this way can we increase the possibility of early detection of lung cancer. Smoking can also cause emphysema, and toxic substances accumulated in the bronchi of the lungs will hinder the normal exhalation of the air inhaled by the human body, which will cause the lung cells to expand or burst, resulting in difficulty in breathing. Patients with severe emphysema are very painful. In order to inhale enough oxygen, they have to stand upright and gasp at high frequency. Even on the flat ground, they have to walk slowly. Some more serious patients have to rely on oxygen bags to maintain their lives. In their lifetime, they must concentrate all their efforts on a simple action-breathing.
Some doctors think that compared with emphysema, lung cancer should be regarded as a very kind disease, because it makes people suffer for a much shorter time.
Stomach
For people with gastrointestinal diseases, smoking is enough to make gastrointestinal diseases worse. People with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer will slow down the healing of the ulcer and even become chronic diseases. Smoking can stimulate the nervous system, accelerate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, make the gastrointestinal tract often tense, and lead to the loss of appetite of smokers. In addition, nicotine can constrict the blood vessels of gastrointestinal mucosa and reduce appetite.
bones
The rehabilitation period of broken bones of smokers is longer than that of non-smokers. It may be that nicotine and carbon monoxide contained in cigarettes slow down the progress of bone regeneration. Nicotine constricts blood vessels and reduces blood flow to new bones. The carbon monoxide inhaled during smoking also reduces the rate of oxygen entering the body. Smoking can cause osteitis and back pain. Smoking more than ten cigarettes a day will double the prevalence of periostitis. Most people with severe back pain are addicted to smoking, which is because smoking will reduce the blood flow to the articular disc, and the articular disc will deteriorate early. Smoking can cause arthritis. Smoking a pack of cigarettes every day will increase the prevalence rate by 5%. Female smokers are more likely to suffer from fractures and arthropathy after menopause. Smoking leads to faster bone loss. From adolescence to menopause, women continue to smoke one pack a day, and their bones are 5% to 1% less than those of non-smokers. The bone loss rate of smokers is faster when they enter menopause. Smoking can interfere with estrogen, which is an important hormone for bone development.
bronchus
Smoking is the main pathogenic factor of chronic obstructive tracheal disease. Because smoking can cause the cilia of bronchial epithelial cells to become shorter and irregular, and their movement disorders occur, reducing local resistance and being susceptible to infection.
liver
smoking will increase the burden on the liver. Regular smoking will affect the lipid metabolism of the liver, increase blood fat, reduce benign cholesterol and increase malignant cholesterol. This causes the detoxification function of the liver to increase the burden.
Intestine
Smoking can lead to colon cancer. The chance of developing this cancer is directly proportional to the amount of tobacco smoked. Research shows that although quitting smoking can reduce the chances of other diseases such as heart disease and lung cancer, the risk of colon cancer is still very high.
Eye
Smoking can cause cataracts and affect vision. Studies show that cataract patients who smoke more than one pack a day are twice as likely as those who never smoke.
Reproductive system
Smoking inhibits the nerve center of the spinal cord, making men's sexual desire weak, and smoking can make blood vessels contract and spasm, causing peripheral blood circulation disorder. Therefore, smoking is the main cause of impotence. Australia and Canada have printed this message directly on cigarette boxes. In addition, smoking can affect the vitality of sperm and increase abnormal sperm, and it will not return to normal until three to six months after stopping smoking. If you want a smart and healthy child, baby experts advocate that you must stop smoking for three to six months.
second-hand smoke
second-hand smoke is a kind of mixed smoke that comes out when cigarettes, pipes or cigars are burned or exhaled by smokers when they smoke. Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant in many smoking places. Smoke emitted during smoking can emit more than 4, kinds of gases and particulate matter, most of which are very strong irritants, and at least 4 of them can cause cancer in humans or animals. After smokers stop smoking, these particles can still stay in the air for several hours, can be inhaled by other non-smokers, and may be mixed with the decay products of radon gas, causing greater harm to human health.
While smoking harms smokers' own health, secondhand smoke also affects non-smokers. In addition to irritating eyes, nose and throat, it will also significantly increase the chances of non-smokers suffering from lung cancer and heart disease. If children live with some smokers, their respiratory system will be more susceptible to infection. Other diseases include increased cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, damage to lung function and slow lung development.