1796, an Englishman J. Parker burned a kind of cement with marl, which was brown in appearance, much like a mixture of lime and volcanic ash in ancient Rome, and named it Roman cement. It is also called natural cement because it is made of natural marl and contains no ingredients. It has good hydraulic and rapid setting characteristics, and is especially suitable for projects in contact with water.
In 18 13, Gaby, a French civil engineer, found that the cement made by mixing lime and clay in a ratio of three to one has the best performance.
1824, Joseph Astin, a British stonemason, obtained a patent for the cement he invented in the kitchen. He mixed limestone and calcareous soil in the kitchen stove, heated them and ground them into powder, making cement that would harden after adding water. Aspdin named cement Portland because it looks like a stone from Portland Island, a British coast.
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