Scientific and technological achievements can be divided into three categories according to their nature:
1. Basic theoretical achievements refer to new discoveries and theories in the fields of basic research and applied research. The main forms of achievements are scientific papers, scientific works, principle models or invention patents.
2. Applied technological achievements refer to new technologies, new processes, new products, new materials and new equipment obtained in scientific research, technological development and application, as well as new varieties of agriculture, biology, minerals and computer software.
3. Soft science achievements refer to the theories, methods and viewpoints of science and technology policy, science and technology management and science and technology activities, and the main form of their achievements is research reports.