The invention of the telephone is not the credit of anyone, but the result of the joint efforts of a large number of scholars. As early as 1876, many scientists
The invention of the telephone is not the credit of anyone, but the result of the joint efforts of a large number of scholars. As early as 1876, many scientists have explained this communication method in theory. But historically, it is generally believed that the first telephone was put into use in the United States in 1876, and the invention right of the telephone should belong to alexander bell in the United States.
However, this great invention, like Newton's discovery that gravity was inspired by the falling of apples and Edison's invention of electric light was inspired by cotton thread, was born in an accidental "accident".
187 1 year, Bell returned to the United States from Scotland and became a professor of sound physiology at Boston University. Bell's father is a famous linguist and the inventor of sign language for the deaf. Bell's wife used to be his student, a deaf girl. In addition to studying acoustics and teaching sign language, Bell also devoted himself to developing multiplex telegraph systems.
/kloc-one day in 0/875, Bell and his assistant Watson collaborated in the experiment in two rooms. Because of mechanical failure, an iron piece on the transmitter under Watson's care kept vibrating in front of the electromagnet. This vibration causes the fluctuating current to spread along the conductor, causing a piece of iron in the adjacent room to have the same vibration.
The faint vibration was heard by Bell, which aroused the great concern of this young man who is good at discovering and thinking, and inspired him to produce novel associations and ideas. 1875 In June, Bell and Watson developed the world's first sound transmission machine-magnetoelectric telephone, and submitted a patent application to the US Patent Office in February 1876.
The principle of this kind of telephone is: speaking into the microphone, the metal diaphragm at the bottom of the microphone vibrates with the sound, and the vibration of the diaphragm drives a magnetic spring to vibrate accordingly, so that an induced current is generated in the electromagnetic coil, and the current is transmitted to the receiver through the wire, and the diaphragm on the receiver vibrates accordingly, and the sound is restored. However, the machine really started working on 1876, and in March 10.
Bell was doing an experiment and accidentally spilled sulfuric acid on his feet. He couldn't help shouting into the microphone at Watson in the other room, "Watson, come and help me!" " "Unexpectedly, this cry for help became the first voice transmitted by telephone in the world, and Watson clearly heard Bell's voice from the receiver.
Bell invented the telephone, and Gray invented the liquid telephone with the same principle. Coincidentally, on the same day Bell filed a patent application, Gray also filed a patent application with the new york Patent Office and resold the patent invention right to Westinghouse Telecom, the largest company in the United States. As a result, a lawsuit on the right to telephone invention has been going on for 10 years.
Later, after detailed investigation, it was found that Bell applied for a patent in Bigret about two hours in advance, and the court ruled that the telephone invention patent belonged to alexander bell. Since then, the great inventor Edison has also devoted himself to the improvement of the telephone. 1878, he developed a carbon microphone and obtained a patent.
His invention greatly improved the performance of the telephone. Until today, most of our phones still use carbon microphones. The original telephone body should have its own battery and hand-cranked generator to send out call signals, which can only be used for fixed calls.
From 1880 to 1890, a kind of "* * * telephone" appeared, which can use the power supply of the telephone office together. This improvement greatly simplifies the telephone structure and is convenient to use. You can make a phone call by picking up the phone. Automatic telephone is a small dial telephone based on * * * telephone. From then on, people can call anyone through exchange.
With the rapid development of electronic technology, not only the number of modern telephones has surged, but also the varieties and functions are not the same as before. In addition to the traditional manual telephone and automatic telephone, there are many special telephones. If you can act as a "secretary on duty", you can make a recording phone and writing phone, an instant hearing TV phone, a convenient cordless phone and a portable mobile phone.
In addition, there are "digital phones", "oral mobile phones", and even "deaf mobile phones" that can make deaf people talk have been successfully trial-produced. With the development of Internet technology, the present communication technology is far from what it was when the telephone was born, and the telephone has become a very common communication technology.
Bell's breakthrough in inventing the telephone was triggered by two accidental events. On one occasion, his assistant Watson had a "mechanical failure" during the experiment. Fault is an unexpected obstacle, which is not what you want to happen in the invention, but this accidental event triggered the vibration of electromagnetic waves, prompting Bell to discover the sound made by this vibration wave, even if it is very weak.
The second accident was that Bell "accidentally spilled sulfuric acid on his feet" in the experiment, which caused him to scream violently, and this sound was accidentally uploaded to the ear of Watson, an assistant who was doing experiments in another room, through the microphone where Bell was pouring sulfuric acid into the specimen. The real telephone of human beings was officially born.
To tell the truth, if I tell a scientist face to face that scientific inventions are not made by professional knowledge, but by the inspiration of accidental events, he will certainly not accept them. After all, in traditional logical thinking, professional knowledge can also be used to make some creative designs. Now many technicians are relying on this traditional thinking to design, although the efficiency is very low.
Lateral thinking is not a magical thinking. Based on the successful principle of scientists' invention and creation, it designs a creative achievement that can artificially create accidents, extract ideas related to invention goals from the concept of accidental birth, and finally achieve a breakthrough in logic.
Don't confuse horizontal thinking with confused thinking concepts such as Internet thinking, CEO thinking, reverse thinking and divergent thinking.
Lateral thinking is a kind of creative thinking which is born for the lack of creativity in traditional logical thinking. Lateral thinking has only two functions: one is to look at things and problems in a three-dimensional and perspective way, and the other is to create endless new ideas and get rid of all difficulties!