Let's take a look at the mechanized harvesting technology of ratooning rice with low rolling and high stubble in one season.
First, the technical points
The mechanized harvesting technology of ratooning rice in the first season adopts a full-feed ratooning rice harvester with wide cutting width, narrow crawler belt and high ground clearance. In the mature first season, ratooning rice is harvested, and the technologies such as field drying management, path planning, straw treatment, stubble cleaning treatment, synchronous fertilization and irrigation treatment are combined to achieve high yield and high efficiency.
The technical route is as follows:
drain and sun the paddy fields (to help the growth of paddy roots)
It is very important to control the moisture of ratooning rice before harvesting in the first season. The field is too wet, and the loss rate of rice pile is high after the harvester is pressed, which will seriously cause the harvester to get stuck. The root system will die, axillary buds will lose their vitality and there will be few seedlings in Taigan field, which will affect the yield in the renewal season.
Generally, it is advisable to dry the field again in the middle and late stage of grouting in the first season until the feet do not sink.
Path planning
A good working path can reduce the times of dumping and the unloading distance, thus reducing the comprehensive rolling rate and the repeated rolling area.
Before harvesting, the structural parameters of the harvester, such as cutting width, gauge, granary volume, long and short side parameters of the field, grain-to-grass ratio, grain quality per unit area, grain density of ratooning rice and other crop parameters, are collected, and the warehouse full point, grain unloading point position and optimal operation route are planned.
Regenerated rice harvester
Stubble height
Selection of stubble height: The stubble height of ratooning rice harvested by the first stubble machine follows the principle of "leave two, leave three and strive for four buds", that is, keep the penultimate axillary bud and penultimate axillary bud on the mother stem, on this basis, strive for the fourth axillary bud to become an ear, and increase the protection section of 50 ~ 60 mm
At present, the stubble height of ratooning rice harvested by machine in the first season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is generally 250 ~ 450 mm ..
Straw treatment
According to the ratooning rice varieties and their tillering growth in the ratooning season, the straw treatment method of directional spreading after crushing or uniform spreading after crushing was adopted.
The harvester is equipped with a straw treatment device. For the varieties with strong resilience after rolling, the straw crushing and even spreading method is adopted, and for the varieties with slightly poor resilience after rolling, the straw crushing and directional spreading method is adopted.
Stubble retention and treatment
After righting, the survival rate of rice stubble is improved. For the field where the harvested straw is crushed and evenly sown, the harvester should be equipped with a stubble turning righting device.
Synchronization and fertilization
The harvester is equipped with synchronous precision fertilization device, which can complete the first harvest of ratooning rice and fertilization in ratooning season at one time, and provide nutrients for ratooning rice in ratooning season.
Tian Jian management
After the mechanized harvesting of ratooning rice in the first season is completed, it needs to be irrigated in time to ensure the water demand for the growth of ratooning buds and prevent the seedlings from dying due to high temperature and drought.
Pay attention to the prevention of rice sheath blight, rice planthopper, stripe disease, bacterial leaf blight, rice blast at the ear neck, false smut of rice, Chilo suppressalis, rice locust and rodent damage.
Second, the applicable area
Planting area of ratooning rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Third, matters needing attention
1. Before operation, the crew should be trained accordingly. Before use, they should fully understand the performance and usage of this machine and be familiar with driving technology, so as to give full play to the efficiency of the machine and pay attention to personal safety.
2. The driver should be familiar with the performance of machines and tools, walk according to the predetermined operation route, and try to ensure that the machines and tools drive in a straight line.
If the machine chassis parameters match the row spacing of ratooning rice plants, they should walk in the opposite direction to minimize the rolling area.
Fourth, technical support units
Hu' nan province agricultural equipment institute
Agriculture rural bu agricultural mechanization main station
Huazhong Agricultural University College of Technology
Source: Agricultural Extension Home of Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, for reference only.