Cyclohexanone is an odorless, colorless and transparent liquid with mint and acetone odor, slightly soluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents such as ether and alcohol, and easy to ... Product use: Cyclohexanone is mainly used to produce caprolactam and adipic acid, which are monomers for making nylon, nylon 66 and other synthetic resins, and used as solvents in paints
Main uses:
It is suitable for industrial paint production, synthetic resin dissolution and paint stripping.
Features:
It belongs to medium boiling point, and its volatilization rate is 1.6 times that of butyl acetate.
Acetone has no special toxicity to human body, but it can cause headache, bronchitis and other symptoms after inhalation. If inhaled in large quantities, you may lose consciousness. It is mainly used for degreasing, dehydration, fixation and so on in daily life. It is an important test object in blood and urine. Some cancer patients have abnormally high levels of acetone in their urine. The concentration of acetone in blood and urine of people who lose weight by low-carbohydrate food therapy is also abnormally high. Acetone exists in nature in a free state, and mainly exists in essential oils in the plant kingdom, such as tea oil, turpentine essential oil and citrus essential oil. Human urine and blood, animal urine, marine animal tissues and body fluids all contain a small amount of acetone. The content of acetone in urine of diabetic patients increased abnormally. Soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. The mixture of steam and air can form an explosive mixture, and the explosion limit is 2.55% ~ 12.8% (volume). The carbonyl group of acetone can react with many nucleophiles, such as catalytic hydrogenation to isopropanol and reduction to pinacol; React with ammonia derivatives, hydrocyanic acid, alkynes, organometallic compounds, etc. Acetone can also react with α-hydrogen, such as substitution reaction with halogen, aldol condensation reaction with itself or other compounds, etc.
physical and chemical parameters
density: specific gravity .788
melting point: -94℃
boiling point: 56.48℃
saturated vapor pressure (kpa): 53.32 (39.5℃)
refractive index 1.3588
flash point. It has a special pungent smell
It is easily soluble in water and organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform and pyridine
Limit parameter: spontaneous combustion point: 465℃
Explosion limit: 2.6%~12.8%
Maximum explosion pressure: 87.3 N/ Square centimeter
Easiest ignition concentration: 4.5
Maximum explosion pressure concentration: 6.3%
Minimum ignition energy: 1.15 mJ (at 4.97% concentration)
Combustion calorific value: 1792 kJ/mol (liquid, 25℃)
Vapor pressure: 53.33 kJ.
molecular formula: C3H6O
simple structure: CH3COCH3,
molecular weight: 58.8
production methods
mainly include isopropanol method, cumene method, fermentation method, acetylene hydration method and direct oxidation method of propylene. At present, the industrial production of acetone in the world is mainly cumene method. Two-thirds of acetone in the world is a by-product of phenol preparation, and it is one of the products of cumene oxidation. At present, the main patent manufacturers of this technology are Kellogg Brown &; Root Company, Mitsui Chemical Company and UOP Company.
Solutia has developed a technology to produce phenol by oxidizing benzene with nitrogen oxides, but the company cancelled the plan to build a factory with this technology last year because the gross profit level was too low. Recently, Japanese researchers have also developed a one-step production process of phenol and acetone from benzene with Europium-titanium catalyst.
preparation method: there are many methods to produce acetone. The ancient method is to neutralize wood vinegar obtained by dry distillation with lime to make calcium acetate, and then to make acetone by thermal decomposition. The methods of synthesizing acetone studied in industry include: (1) obtaining calcium acetate from acetic acid, and then heating to 16 degrees Celsius to decompose to produce acetone and calcium carbonate; (2) Acetylene reacts with water vapor on the zinc oxide catalyst to generate acetone; (3) ethanol vapor reacts at high temperature in the presence of zinc chromate catalyst to generate acetone; (4) Oxidation of liquefied natural gas or naphtha to acetone (oxidation products also include formaldehyde, acetic acid, butanol, etc.); (5) preparing acetone by oxidation or dehydrogenation of isopropanol; (6) preparing acetone from isopropanol and hydrogen peroxide; (7) synthesizing acetone from isopropanol and acrolein; (8) Propylene and benzene are used as raw materials to prepare cumene, and then cumene hydroperoxide is obtained by air oxidation, and then decomposed by sulfuric acid or resin to obtain acetone and phenol; (9) The process route of direct oxidation of propylene to acetone is similar to that of direct oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde; (1) p-cresol is produced by the hydrogen peroxide method of p-methyl isopropyl benzene, and acetone is a by-product; (11) Hydroquinone is produced by diisopropylbenzene method, and acetone is the by-product. However, there are not many methods actually used in industry. At present, the production of acetone by grain fermentation in China still accounts for a large proportion. Cumene method is the main method in synthesis. A mixture of acetone, butanol and ethanol was prepared by fermentation of agricultural and sideline products containing starch. The ratio of acetone to butanol was 32: 56: 12 to 25:7:3 (weight ratio). For each ton of acetone, about 11t of starch or 6-66t of waste molasses was consumed. Cumene method is the most economical method in acetone production route, and phenol is obtained at the same time. The ratio of phenol to acetone is 1: .6 (weight). In terms of phenol, the 1,-ton plant consumes 59 kg of propylene (9%) per ton of phenol.
main uses
It is mainly used as a solvent in industries such as explosives, plastics, rubber, fiber, tanning, grease and painting, and can also be used as an important raw material for synthesizing ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform and epoxy resin. In the manufacturing industry of precision copper tubes, acetone is often used to wipe the black ink on copper tubes.