Investigation on household water-saving potential
Author: Sun Miao (Heping Street No. 1 Middle School) Tutor: Su Xin
1. Overview of water resources
p>From space, the Earth, the space where humans live, is a beautiful blue sphere, with about three-quarters of it covered with water. Among the various water bodies on the earth, ocean water accounts for 96.5% of the earth’s water reserves, but it is not drinkable and cannot be used for production and life. Water bodies such as rivers, lakes, glaciers and groundwater distributed on land account for 3.5% of the earth's water reserves, and they are the main sources of water for production and domestic use. However, the actual available freshwater resources account for 0.3% of the world's total freshwater reserves, accounting for 7/100,000 of the world's total water reserves.
Our country is currently facing the problem of lack of natural resources and ecological crisis. It is also one of the countries with poor freshwater resources in the world. The per capita freshwater resources are only 1/3 of the world average. This is not just a problem in China. In recent years, water shortages have occurred in many places around the world, making the shortage of fresh water resources a global problem. If water conservation is not promoted and effectively implemented now, the consequences will be disastrous.
2. Household water consumption of Beijing residents
The total number of households surveyed was 91, and the survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. (Note: 4 answers did not specify water consumption)
Household monthly income Content 500-1,000 yuan 1,000-2,000 yuan 2,000-4,000 yuan
The total number of households is 24 (households) 49 (households) 18 (households)
≤10 tons/month 19 households 36 households 9 households
% 79% 73% 50%
10～20 tons/month 4 households, 10 households and 5 households
% 16.7% 20, 4% 27.8%
>20 tons/month 0 households and 2 households 2 households
% 0% 4.1% 1l%
3. Do Beijing residents currently have water-saving awareness?
1. Survey 133 teenagers in our school
(1) Regarding the question of whether you know the monthly water consumption of your home, only 10.5% of people know, and some of them said that the monthly water consumption is 1 ton.
(2) As for whether they know the current water price issue in Beijing, 26% of people know it, and most of the rest are unsure.
(3) Regarding the question of whether water can be reused, 15% of people answered yes.
(4) Regarding whether it is necessary to save water at present, 96.7% of teenagers think it is necessary.
(5) Regarding how to deal with the problem of dripping water pipes, 95.7% of people believe that they should be tightened immediately.
(6) According to the statistics of the entire questionnaire, 2.26% of people have water-saving awareness.
2． A survey of 92 parents of students
(1) Regarding whether they know about the current water price issue in Beijing, 66.3% of parents know.
(2) 33.7% of people think that Beijing’s water resources are very scarce, 63% think that it is relatively scarce, and 3.3% think that it is abundant.
(3) When the water price increases to an average of about 30 yuan per month, 70.7% of people think they can save water. When the water price increases to 40 yuan to 70 yuan, 17. 4% of people think they can save water. 1.09% of people need to raise the water price to more than 100 yuan.
(4) 58% of people believe that strengthening publicity on water conservation can increase everyone's awareness of water conservation, and 5% of people indicated on the questionnaire that whether they have awareness of water conservation has nothing to do with water prices.
The survey shows that our residents in Beijing have a very poor awareness of water conservation. They know how to save water, but they cannot do this in actual life. Most people are not concerned about the current fresh water resource problems in China and the world, and believe that as long as more publicity is given to water conservation, it can be achieved. But after all, people’s consciousness is still relatively low, especially when there is no real water crisis, they think that fresh water is a resource that can be found everywhere. They don't know that fresh water has become a commodity in some countries where it is extremely scarce.
It’s not like we haven’t tried to intensify publicity in the past. We also posted a lot of posters, but the effect was not significant. It can be seen that for us, we must take tough measures and mandatory means to remind people to save water. In this way, saving water is not an empty talk.
IV. Comparison of water consumption between people with and without awareness of water conservation
Project content
Hand washing (1) with water flow rate of 0.02L/s
p>
① Turn on the water pipe during the soap making process, and move slowly, and the water consumption is about 0.51L. ② Turn on the water pipe and move quickly during the soap making process, about 0.29L. ③ Turn off the water pipe during the soap making process, about 0.21L< /p>
(2) The water flow rate is 0.093L/s
①About 1.33L ②0.635L ③0.35L
Brushing your teeth (1) During the process of brushing your teeth , the water pipe is not turned off, and the water flow rate is 0.018L/s, and the time is 70s, the water consumption is about 1.53L (2) During the brushing process, the water pipe is turned off about 0.67L
Laundry ( A pair of socks) (1) The water type is direct flushing, about 4.05L (2) The water type is basin type, about 2.5L
Washing dishes (3 bowls, plates, 3 pairs of chopsticks) ( 1) Use 2 times the normal amount of detergent (2) Use the normal amount of detergent (enough)
Direct flush type 6.4L Basin type 4.9L Direct flush type 4.5L Basin type 2 . 8L
Water the flowers (1) One pot of flowers (Chinese pot) with water for a month (2) If you use rice water and washing water to water the flowers
Winter 0.54L Summer 4 ．05L Winter 0L Summer 0.8L
Toilet flushing (1) About 1500L per family per month (2) About 600L of vegetable washing water is used for toilet flushing
Passed Comparing water use with and without water-saving awareness, we can see that as long as you have a strong water-saving awareness during the water use process, you can reduce water consumption to varying degrees. Therefore, water-saving awareness is an important link and prerequisite for water-saving.
According to data on the average household water consumption in January, a family's household income is related to its water consumption, and is also related to whether there are varying degrees of water-saving awareness. In other words, when household income is low, water consumption will be reduced accordingly, so that water bills do not account for a larger proportion of household consumption. Conversely, when household income is higher, water consumption also increases. Therefore, a family's income is related to the amount of water consumption.
V. Measures to cultivate water-saving awareness
(1) Implement ordinary water prices within the standard water consumption range on a large scale, and double or even higher charges if exceeded. This approach can be regional, but it needs to be promoted nationwide.
(2) Not only posters are used as a means of promoting water conservation, but they can also be proposed through TV or on important occasions to make people feel that water conservation is also an obligation.
(3) After entering the 21st century, the way Chinese urban residents use water can also be changed to coin-operated or card-reading. Replace the water meter with a coin hole with a photosensitive instrument. After inserting coins representing different colors, the corresponding water consumption will automatically flow out of the water pipe. This coin needs to be purchased by people themselves. You can also replace the water meter with a card reader. After reading the information in the magnetic card, the water will flow until the water on the magnetic card is used up.
(4) The structure of the sewer pipes in the home can be changed into a sewage treatment system. If the drained water can be reused, it can flow into the toilet reservoir for flushing; it can also flow into a fixed pool for other uses. For example: washing mops, watering flowers, etc. That way, water reuse won't be as troublesome as it is now.
In short, as long as people’s awareness of water conservation is strengthened, it is not impossible to save China’s freshwater resources. Therefore, my country's current household water-saving potential is still great.