Explanatory text reading is an important part of modern text reading in senior high school entrance examination, and it is also the content of senior high school entrance examination in various places. The selected materials involve people and the environment, new discoveries in science and technology, cultural heritage and other aspects of life. These selected essays are often lively and interesting, so students should pay special attention to some scientific topics closely related to reality (such as the 2008 earthquake, the construction of Olympic venues, the satellite collision in 2009, the total solar eclipse and so on). ), as well as cultural topics, so as to learn more about this knowledge and increase their scientific knowledge reserves.
Perspective of typical examples
Read the following article and complete 1-4 questions.
The key to witty dialogue
1. As the saying goes, a key opens a lock. A small key is inseparable from human beings, a necessary thing in our pockets, a patron saint of privacy, and linked with the warmth and happiness of thousands of families. But you know what? The development history of keys is also very interesting.
2. The earliest way for human beings to lock the door is to tie the door tightly with a rope into an intricate knot. To untie the bell, one must tie it, and only the knotter knows how to untie the knot. The legendary Alexander the Great used what we now call "lateral thinking" to cut off the famous "Godiano knot" in Phrygia at that time. It is said that the person who unties this knot can rule the whole of Asia.
From then on, people invented locks, and of course, keys came into being. What is the original key? Archaeologists found a wooden key with a length of 1.2 meters in the ruins of the palace of King Sargon II of Assyria in Schabad. The history of this key can be traced back to the 8th century BC. This primitive wooden key is a lever, shaped like a big toothbrush, with many wooden nails at one end. When the key is inserted into the lock hole, these wooden plugs will be embedded in the same number of grooves in the lock, so turning the lever can open the lock hole.
4.65438+ In the middle of the 9th century, this oldest lock structure became the inspiration for Linus Yale to invent billiard locks. Later, the invented marble lock used a serrated Ping Jian, and the edges and gaps were serrated. The lock core and lock body were equipped with 5-6 metal marbles of different sizes as obstacles, and it was necessary to use the key as a wedge to put the marbles in the same position before unlocking. In the 20th century, most locks were based on this marble lock.
In recent years, in order to improve the safety of locks, many very advanced new locks have gradually appeared, such as multi-hole locks and straight-edge locks. Now there are electronic car keys, bar code key cards, and unlocking systems based on fingerprint and corneal recognition technology. We can unlock the car with our eyes, and the key is expected to become a part of our body.
6. In the course of its development, the key has also set several "best in the world".
7. Up to now, the largest combination of lock and key in the world is a new sleeve lock invented and patented by the British inventor Joseph Brammer in 1787. It can have 470 million combinations. The heaviest key is 2 tons. This key is 10 meter long and was made by Pakistanis in 2008.
8.Keys once played an important role in the history of physics.
9. 1752 In June, American genius inventor Franklin was studying lightning. He speculated that this was a discharge phenomenon in nature, so he conducted a kite experiment: put the kite in the thunder and lightning clouds with a metal wire and tie a key at the end. In this way, once the kite and string are wet by rain, you can observe the sparks when your fingers are close to the keys. He didn't die of electric shock because he had a wire and a key as a capacitor to store some current. Franklin invented the lightning rod through this experiment.
10. Some creative people always develop many common projects for different purposes. After improvement, a key can be used as a screwdriver, a bottle opener, a nail file and even an alcohol tester. For example, Saab, a Swedish automobile manufacturer, pioneered the invention of alcohol detection keys. There is a small inspection port at the top of this key, and the driver blows air into this inspection port before starting the car. Once the alcohol concentration detected by this device exceeds the standard, the engine will not start.
1 1. Human wisdom can always work miracles. The key to the future must be more magical!
1. What does this choice mainly introduce about keys?
2. What kind of interpretation order is adopted in paragraphs ②-⑤ of the selected text?
3. In this paper, a variety of interpretation methods are used, trying to find out two of them and giving examples.
4. How to explain "so far" in the underlined words in paragraph 7? Can "so far" be removed? Why?
(Examination questions for senior high school entrance examination in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province in 2009)
Answer: 1. The history of key development, "the best in the world", its important position and use. (The history of key development can also be answered as the type of key) 2. Time sequence 3. Example: List figures, such as: Paragraph 7 "The heaviest key is 2 tons, and the length of this key is 10 meter"; For example, paragraph 9 tells the story of Franklin inventing the lightning rod with a key. 4. Up to now or up to now; No; This term is limited in time, which shows that the combination of lock and key invented by Joseph Brammer is the most so far, and there may be more in the future, which leaves room for expression and embodies the characteristics of accurate and rigorous interpretation language.
Angle of view: the selected article is a popular science exposition, which is close to life, coherent in content and interesting. The four problems in the design also reflect the basic requirements of reading expository texts. 1 topic examines the characteristics of the object, which is the overall impression of the article. Candidates should summarize and integrate the contents examined on the basis of reading the full text. The second question examines the order of instructions, and the proposer sets the test center in the local area. As long as candidates have an accurate understanding of the order of instructions, it is not difficult to answer. Question 3 examines the interpretation methods and asks candidates to list the interpretation methods used and give examples. The specific requirement is to understand the explanation method accurately, and the examples should be consistent with the given methods. The first question examines the meaning of words in the context, and the second question examines the accuracy of the explanation language. When you answer, you should combine the content of the sentence, use certain answering skills and express it in concise and accurate language. Generally speaking, the four small questions have their own emphasis, which requires students to read the paragraphs carefully, master the problem-solving methods and express them in accurate and coherent language.