Chinese Name: ESATA Socket Company: Zuokang Company Full Name: Serial ATA Socket Nature: New Type of Hard Disk Interface Socket Product Overview, product performance, advantages, principles, physical design, compatibility, advantages, standards and specifications, preface, standard change, interface advantages, storage standards, connector differences, specification enhancement, application enhancement, next stage, problems and solutions, problems, operation methods, ESA. This is a new type of hard disk interface, which is completely different from parallel ATA, so it is named after the serial transmission of data. SATA bus adopts embedded clock signal, which has stronger error correction ability. Compared with the past, its biggest difference is that it can check transmission instructions (not just data) and automatically correct errors when found, which greatly improves the reliability of data transmission. Performance advantages of serial products Compared with parallel ATA, SATA has great advantages. First of all, serial ATA transmits data in serial mode, which can use higher working frequency with less bit width and improve the bandwidth of data transmission. Serial ATA only transmits 1 bit data at a time, which can reduce the pin number of SATA interface, reduce the number of connecting cables and improve efficiency. In fact, serial ATA can do all the work with only four pins, which are used to connect cables, ground wires, transmit data and receive data. At the same time, this architecture can also reduce system energy consumption and system complexity. Secondly, serial ATA has a higher starting point and greater development potential. The data transmission rate defined by serial ata 1.0 can reach 150 MB/ s, which is higher than the highest data transmission rate 133 MB/ s that can be achieved by the fastest parallel ATA (namely ATA/ 133). The data transmission rate of serial ATA 2.0 will reach 300 MB/ sec, and eventually the highest data transmission rate of serial ATA 3.0 will reach 600 MB/ sec. Principle It is necessary to explain the data transmission rate of serial ata here. As far as serial communication is concerned, data transmission rate refers to the actual bit rate of serial interface data transmission. The transmission rate of serial ATA 1.0 is 1.5Gbps, and the transmission rate of serial ATA 2.0 is 3.0Gbps Like other high-speed serial interfaces, serial ATA interfaces also adopt a set of coding mechanisms to ensure the characteristics of data streams. This encoding mechanism encodes the original 8-bit data (i.e. 1 byte = 8 bits) into 10 bits (i.e. 1 byte = 10 bits), so that each tuple serial data stream of serial ata interface contains 10 bits of data, and the encoded serial ata is transmitted. Therefore, 1.5 Gbps = 158 physical design The physical design of SATA can be said to be based on Fibre Channel, so quad-core wiring is adopted. The required voltage is greatly reduced to 250mV (up to 500mV), which is 20 times less than the 5V of the traditional parallel ATA interface! Therefore, manufacturers can attach advanced hard disk functions, such as hot plug, to serial ATA hard disks. More importantly, in the connection form, in addition to the traditional point-to-point form, SATA also supports "star" connection, which can provide design convenience for advanced applications such as RAID. In practice, the host bus adapter (HBA) of SATA, like a switch on the network, can communicate with each independent hard disk in the form of a channel, that is, each SATA hard disk has a dedicated transmission channel, so there is no master-slave control problem like parallel ATA. SATA interface compatibility Serial ATA specification is not only based on the future, but also retains a variety of backward compatibility ways, so there is no compatibility problem in use. On the hardware side, the serial ATA standard allows the use of converters to provide compatibility with parallel devices. The converter can convert parallel ATA signals from the motherboard into serial signals that can be used by serial ATA hard disks. At present, a number of such adapter cards/adapters have been listed, which has protected our original investment to a certain extent and reduced the upgrade cost. In terms of software, serial ATA and parallel ATA maintain software compatibility, which means that manufacturers do not have to rewrite any driver and operating system code in order to use serial ATA. In addition, serial ATA wiring is much simpler than traditional ATA(parallel ATA wiring, and it can be retracted freely, which obviously improves the airflow and heat dissipation in the chassis. Moreover, SATA hard disk is different from parallel ATA that has been trapped in the chassis, and it has strong expansibility, that is, it can be externally installed. External cabinet (JBOD) can not only provide better heat dissipation and plug-in functions, but also can be connected with multiple wires to prevent single point of failure. Because the design of SATA and Fibre Channel is the same, the transmission speed can be guaranteed through different channels, which is of great significance in server and network storage. Advantages Serial ATA has many advantages over parallel ATA and will become a cheap substitute for parallel ATA. Moreover, the transition from parallel ATA to serial ATA is also the general trend, and it should only be a matter of time. Related manufacturers are also vigorously promoting SATA interfaces. For example, compared with ICH5 series southbridge chips, Intel's ICH6 series southbridge chips support more SATA interfaces from 2 to 4, while the parallel ATA interfaces are reduced from 2 to 1. NVIDIA's nForce4 chipset already supports SATA II, that is, serial ATA 2.0. Samsung developed a new generation of SATA II interface hard disk with Marvell 88i6525 SOC chip, which was launched in early 2005. It is worth noting that SATA and SATA II have little impact on hard disk performance. At present, the bottleneck of hard disk performance focuses on the internal mechanical mechanism of hard disk, hard disk storage technology and internal data transmission rate determined by disk speed. Even the top SCSI hard disk at present, its internal data transmission rate is only about 80MB/ s, not to mention the ordinary 7200 rpm desktop hard disk. Unless there is a revolutionary change in the data recording technology of hard disk, such as vertical recording technology, it is difficult to improve the data transmission rate inside hard disk by leaps and bounds. To put it bluntly, ATA 100 is completely enough for the current hard disk. The reason why more advanced interface technology is adopted is that it can obtain higher burst transmission rate, support more functions, be more convenient and easy to use, and have more development potential. But with the development of technology, SSD technology is developing rapidly now, and some companies have introduced SSD, which is much faster than HDD. Therefore, the introduction and further development of SATA and SATA II are necessary. Preface of standard specification The emergence of SATA standard has caused the rise of computer storage industry. In addition to changing the past parallel transmission mode, the serial transmission mode not only effectively reduces the size of the cable, but also greatly improves the transmission speed. In fact, the name of SATA II that we often hear is the name of a committee, which was established to formulate the earliest SATA 1.x standard. Later, the organization was renamed SATA International Organization (SATA-IO). But the name of Sata II remained. The naming rules of SATA products are different because of the different functions or support of related products from different manufacturers. Because SATA-IO has no rigid naming rules and functional requirements, it has also caused many problems in product positioning at the initial stage of promotion. Generally, manufacturers use specific functions as naming rules, and the most common one is based on its maximum transmission speed. Common names are SATA 300, SATA 3Gb/s, SATA 3G, etc., and some directly use SATA II as their supported specification names. After that, their products were quite complete in hardware specifications, so most of them abandoned the past speed naming rules. In addition, in the autumn IDF exhibition at the end of August, 2005, SATA-IO unified the contents of SATA II, such as 3Gbps, local command queue (NCQ), port multiplier and port selector, which were previously recognized by various manufacturers into the standard specification of SATA 2.5, greatly reducing the disorder of the market. In the first quarter of 2007, SATA-IO released version 2.6, and the next version 3.0 will be released in the second half of the year. The appearance of interface advantage SATA 1.0 represents that the computer industry has officially moved from low-clock parallel transmission to high-clock serial transmission. The initial specification is 1.5Gbps, which obviously has more transmission energy than the previous IDE interface. However, although SATA provides such a wide bus, the speed of hard disk is very slow, and the rotation speed and disk density are not fast enough, so it is meaningless to improve the speed of SATA bus. An example of a storage standard that many people like to cite: riding a 50CC sheep motorcycle on a highway with a speed limit of 200, which is just enough to fully describe the difficulties faced by the hard disk. According to the specification of SATA 1.0, its maximum transmission speed is about 150Mbyte/s, but at present, even the high-end SATA hard disk whose speed exceeds 10,000 rpm cannot exceed100mbyte/s. In order to make full use of SATA's high bus bandwidth, disk array is needed. Another way to give full play to the high bandwidth advantage of SATA interface is to use hard disk external devices with port sharers, so that the bandwidth of a single SATA port can be evenly distributed to different numbers of hard disks. At present, the transmission speed of a single hard disk will not have greater advantages than in the past under IDE interface. Secondly, although SATA has hot plug specifications, the current cable connection cables are mostly designed for built-in hard disks, and the maximum number of plugging and unplugging is only about 200 times. If the number of plugging and unplugging exceeds this number, the cable connector will deteriorate and even the hard disk may be damaged. Even for the external eSTAT cable, the plugging and unplugging times are only about 2500 times, which is far from the USB interface, but this aspect involves the relationship between cable material and cost. Although SATA cable has an advantage in width, its length is limited to less than 2 meters, which is also a considerable limitation for some applications, but this can be solved by xSATA. ESATA and SATA interface specifications enhance the technology added in SATA version 2.6, mainly for small embedded storage or mobile applications. These technical contents include the following items: 1. Built-in daughter card cable and connector can be used to install SATA optical drive into small devices (such as * * * full profile). 2. You can install the 1.8 inch hard disk on the micro SATA connector of a small terminal (such as UMPC). 3. With the specifications of micro-connector, it is natural to design multi-channel cables and connectors with built-in or external devices for this kind of micro-connector. 4. The priority of 4.NCQ has been strengthened, which enables data to dynamically allocate the priority of data transmission in a complex load environment to avoid traffic jams. 5. The notebook computer can be allowed to turn off or not use the NCQ function to avoid dragging down the system performance when the driver is incomplete. Below: Miniaturized connection interface developed by SATA 2.6. (SATA-IO) Application Enhancement As can be seen from the above enhancement points, SATA version 2.6 is mainly aimed at smaller applications, such as samll form factor or UMPC internal and external specifications. However, the number of storage devices in this kind of application is limited, and the speed of the storage device itself will be affected by different factors such as rotational speed (for example, the maximum transmission speed of the 1.8-inch hard disk commonly used by UMPC is only 20mbyte/). It seems unnecessary to import SATA specifications. UMPC itself can't support disk array, and the only possible application way to exert the power of SATA is to use port sharer to connect multiple external storage devices. The shortcomings of traditional mechanical hard disk can be seen at a glance on UMPC, which not only consumes a lot of power, but also increases its capacity slowly. Therefore, the sudden emergence of solid state hard disk (SSD) may become a boost to SATA bandwidth. However, from another point of view, you can also build the Express Card interface on UMPC. Compared with SATA, Express card actually has more advantages than SATA in terms of specification expansion, speed performance and connection mode. In the next two or three years, the price and capacity of SSD are still unacceptable to ordinary consumers, and the traditional micro hard disk still has its living space, so the competition between SATA and Express Card in this respect is still inconclusive. The biggest improvement of SATA 3.0 in the next stage is to increase the maximum transmission bandwidth of the bus to 6Gbps, which greatly increases the application space of the connection port sharer and connector, and can play an advantage in external applications with large capacity and high-speed transmission requirements. Better patient connection testing is also under way, but so far, its details are not clear, but now, with its huge bandwidth, it has actually exceeded the scope of general consumer applications, and it is biased towards specific professional applications, and the market is much smaller. Mechanical hard disk will continue to exist for a long time in the future, and its transmission speed will also maintain the existing range. Therefore, in order to effectively consume these huge bandwidths, hardware manufacturers are bound to develop more different connection methods, so that consumers can directly feel the benefits brought by the increase in the number, instead of just focusing on the promotion of text specifications, failing to bring benefits to users in related applications. Problems and solutions: I think many friends here will do it with GHOST backup system, but there are also many friends, especially those who use SATA hard disks. They may have encountered such a situation when using GHOST backup system. After booting to the system with floppy disk or CD, the system turns black and crashes after using the GHOST.EXE command. GHOST doesn't support SATA devices? Can't I back up the system after using SATA hard disk? The answer is no, SATA hard disk can also be used for cloning, but it needs a little skill in operation. SATA interface hard disk First of all, let's analyze why the system will crash under normal circumstances. Generally speaking, motherboards that support SATA hard disks use chipsets above I865PE (North Bridge) and ICH5R (South Bridge). However, due to the limitation of the Ich5r South Bridge chip itself, a set of IDE channels will be unavailable under the use of WIN9X, WINNT and DOS systems, which is why after we start GHOST, the system will stop echoing, because GHOST cannot judge which set of IDE is available in the system at this time. Only by knowing the reason can we prescribe the right medicine. Generally, the motherboard BIOS of 865 provides the option of prohibiting a group of IDE channels, so that the system still only recognizes two groups of IDE channel operation modes (the following modes are CD boot mode) 1, a SATA hard disk hangs on the SATA 1 interface, and a CDROM hangs on the main IDE interface (set as the main disk): a) Boot into BIOS settings, Select IDE configuration in the main menu b) Change the on-board IDE operation mode to compatibility mode c) Select [main P-ATA+S- 1 and you will find that there are only four IDE devices in the main menu, and [main IDE master] is [CDROM], [main IDE slave] is [None] and [secondary IDE master] is [IDE disk] (your hard disk). [[Secondary IDE Slave] is [None] e) After booting into DOS with CD, you can run GHOST. 2. A SATA hard disk hangs on the SATA 1 interface. A CDROM is hung on the secondary IDE interface: just change [master P-ATA+S-ATA] in the third step above to [secondary P-ATA+S-ATA], and the system will take SATA 1 and SATA2 devices as [master IDE master] and [master IDE slave]. 3. If you use a motherboard that supports SATA, but you don't use SATA devices, some motherboard BIOS will open the SATA channel by default. At this time, using the GHOST backup system will also lead to a black screen, so we need to set the forbidden SATA channel in the BIOS, or in the third step of the first case, change [Primary P-ATA+S-ATA] to [Primary P-ATA Ports Only]. At this time, the system will disable the SATA device, and you can use it as an ordinary motherboard without SATA devices. By the way, using GHOST2003, you can directly identify the hard disk in NTFS format, which makes W2K backup much more convenient. Other models of motherboards also have the same settings, but the options inside are not as rich as ASUS. ESATA is the abbreviation of external serial ATA, which is the extended specification of serial ATA 1.0a for external drives. Although the scale is relatively small, there are already corresponding products in circulation on the market. In order to prevent accidental connection, the interface shape of ESATA is different from that of SATA. The maximum length of the connecting line is 2m. Support hot plug. The transmission speed can reach more than twice the current mainstream USB2.0, and Satashtar Tools is a famous brand of Danaher Tools (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Danaher Group in China. The origin of "Danahe" can be traced back to its root "Dana", which means "swift river" in Celtic language in 700 BC. In the early 1980s, the founder of the company set up the company on a fishing trip to the Danahe River, a tributary of the south of Pingtou River in western Montana. So the founder of the company named this new organization after this river. Looking forward to the company through the implementation of key development strategies, has become the most competitive manufacturer in this industry. Danaher is an American listed company with annual sales of $8 billion, headquartered in Washington, D.C. ... By the end of 2005, Danaher had 40,000 employees in more than 20 countries and regions ... Its main business directions are: tools and parts, procedures and environmental control products. Has a number of brand-name trademarks and patented technologies, and occupies a dominant position in the market. In 1997, The Wall Street Journal selected 100 as the best listed company, and Danaher ranked 38th. From 1998 to 2005, the company's sales increased to 8 billion dollars, and its operating income increased by nearly 83%. The line interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot plug support.