The impact of the Human Genome Project on human life:
Contribution to human diseases
Human disease-related genes are critical to the structural and functional integrity of the human genome information. For single-gene diseases, the new ideas of "positional cloning" and "positional candidate cloning" have led to the discovery of a large number of causative genes for single-gene genetic diseases such as Huntington's disease, hereditary colon cancer, and breast cancer. laid the foundation for genetic diagnosis and gene therapy. Polygenic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, neuropsychiatric diseases (senile dementia, schizophrenia), and autoimmune diseases are the focus of disease gene research. Health-related research is an important part of HGP. In 1997, the "Tumor Genome Anatomy Project" and "Environmental Genomics Project" were successively proposed.
Contribution to medicine
Gene diagnosis, gene therapy and treatment based on genomic knowledge, disease prevention based on genomic information, identification of disease susceptibility genes, lifestyle of risk groups, environment factor intervention.
Biotechnology contribution
Embryonic cell cloning sheep - Dolly
⑴ Genetically engineered drugs
Secreted proteins (polypeptide hormones, growth factors , chemokines, coagulation and anticoagulation factors, etc.) and their receptors.
⑵Diagnostic and research reagent industry
Gene and antibody kits, biochips for diagnosis and research, disease and drug screening models.
Promote cell engineering
Embryonic and adult stem cells, cloning technology, and organ reconstruction.
Contribution to pharmaceuticals
Screening drug targets: Combining combinatorial chemistry and natural compound separation technology to establish high-throughput receptor and enzyme binding assays based on knowledge Drug design: Advanced structural analysis, prediction, and simulation of gene protein products—the “pocket” of drug action.
Personalized drug therapy: pharmacogenomics.
Socioeconomic impact
The bio-industry and the information industry are the two major economic pillars of a country; the social and economic benefits of discovering new functional genes; genetically modified foods; genetically modified drugs (such as weight loss drugs) , height-increasing drugs)
Influence on biological evolution
The evolutionary history of living things is written in the "heavenly book" of each genome; Paramecium is a relative of human beings - 1.3 billion years; It evolved from a kind of monkey 3 to 4 million years ago; the first time humans "walked out of Africa" ??- the ancient apes 2 million years ago; the human "Eve" came from Africa 200,000 years ago - the first "Out of Africa" ??for the second time?
Negative Effects
Jurassic Park is not just a science fiction story; racially selective biological weapons of genocide; gene patent wars; plundering wars for genetic resources; genes and personal privacy.
Deciphering human genetic information will have an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on biology, medicine, and even the entire life sciences. The current annotation of genomic information is still in its infancy. As genomes are better understood in the future, new knowledge will enable the fields of medicine and biotechnology to advance even more rapidly. Based on the guiding role of the information contained in DNA in cellular life activities, an in-depth understanding of the disease process at the molecular biology level will vigorously promote the development and research of new treatments and new drugs. Research on the causes of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease will also benefit from deciphering the genetic information of the genome. In fact, its potential use was demonstrated even before the Human Genome Project was completed. A number of companies, such as Giant Genetics, have begun offering affordable, easy-to-use genetic tests that they claim can predict a wide range of diseases, including breast cancer, blood clotting, fibrous cysts, and liver disease.
The Human Genome Project has been of practical help to many fields of biological research. For example, when researchers study a type of cancer, they may find a certain or some related genes through the information provided by the Human Genome Project.
If you access various databases based on human genome information on the Internet, you can query related articles by other scientists, including gene DNA, cDNA base sequence, protein three-dimensional structure, function, polymorphism, and other human genes. relationship between. You can also find the evolutionary relationship with corresponding genes in mice, yeast, fruit flies, etc., possible mutations and related signal transmission mechanisms. The Human Genome Project has played an important role in promoting the research on tumor-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Analyzing the similarity of DNA sequences of different species will provide a broader path for the study of biological evolution and evolution. In fact, the data provided by the Human Genome Project reveal many important milestones in the history of biological evolution. For example, the emergence of ribosomes, the production of organs, the development of embryos, the spine and the immune system are all closely related to the genetic information carried in DNA.