Generally speaking, the water for raising orchids should be clean and cool. The ancients said that running water is better than stagnant water, and clear water is better than turbid water. Through people's long-term practice, the order of water quality is generally as follows: 1) rainwater (including dew), 2) snow water (also called snow dissolved water), 3) landscape (including spring water), 4) river water (referring to natural living water without industrial pollution), 5) water from ponds, lakes and reservoirs, 8) tap water and 7. (2) Water demand
The water of Whelan comes from three aspects: (1) The root system absorbs from the basin soil, which is the main one; (2) The blades receive water sprayed by hand; (3) Leaves and single roots absorb moisture in air humidity. The humidity of basin soil should be 45 ~ 50%, but it should increase or decrease with the change of weather in four seasons, so it is not suitable for mechanical use. Under normal circumstances, it is recommended to keep the ambient air humidity at about 75%. This is put forward with reference to the conditions in the natural environment and the parameters accumulated in practice.
As for the air humidity around the orchid pot, as an outdoor plant, if there are trees around the orchid pot, the foliage is lush and the ground vegetation is low, it can basically meet the above humidity requirements in summer and autumn. I live in a high-rise apartment and grow orchids on the balcony. Most of them are windy and the wall temperature is high, especially on the top floor. Closed balconies should be ventilated in time, and those that are not closed should be alert to the attack of storms.
Common methods to increase humidity are:
(1) Build a pool and sink on the balcony. As far as possible, take water from domestic water sources, and drain water from balcony drainage holes.
(2) Place water tanks, buckets and basins to store water.
(3) Hanging or laying sponges, straw mats, cardboard, bricks, etc. It's best not to use materials that can easily cause mess. Pour water on these things, let them absorb enough water and let them evaporate slowly.
(4) Observe the humidity change and sprinkle water around the ground and basin in time.
(5) Using the principle of changing water in aquarium, a device for spraying fine water column is made with medical injection needle, and a small amount of water will evaporate in the process of spraying water droplets.
(6) Indoor orchids can be raised with humidifiers. (3) the basis for watering orchids
Generally, there is no instrument for measuring the water content of analyst orchid, which depends largely on practical experience. Common simple methods are:
(1) Hold the basin waist with both hands together, and feel weightless when lifting the basin upwards, which means that the basin soil is dry and needs water supply. On the contrary, there is no need to rush to supply water.
(2) The surface of the basin is wet (this phenomenon mostly occurs in earthen basins and sand basins), and it feels cold, indicating that the basin soil is full of water; The appearance of the basin is dry; There is no cold feeling, indicating that the water in the basin is limited.
(3) Tap the small stones in various parts of the basin, and the sound is crisp, indicating that the soil in the basin is dry and the sound is heavy and turbid, indicating that there is still some water.
(4) Carefully observe the growth of weak plants and orchids growing on the basin surface: if it is dry, the weak plants will shrink, the leaves of orchids will be dim and soft, and the leaves will curl slightly; Too dry, the leaves are dull, the drooping is aggravated, and the leaf margin is rolled brighter; If it is dried again, the whole plant will wither and lodging if it is serious. If this happens, don't splash water. You should put it in a cool and windy place and gradually give it water so as to recover slowly.
(5) Whelan leaves have burning tips or brown spots (lumps) from shallow to deep. At this time, if you turn over the basin to see the roots, you can obviously see the edema and decay of the root tips; If the water is too dry, it will also burn the tip. For example, turning the basin upside down to see the roots, you can also see the atrophy and dry rot on the root tips, which are basically root damage and leaf burning. In addition, fertilizer can also cause burning tip.
(6) By the way, a simple and effective moisture measurement method is introduced. Make some slender bamboo sticks, with a diameter of 3 and a length of about 400 mm, gently insert the pot soil along the edge of the pot, and pull it up after a few hours. You can clearly see the amount of water content and the depth distribution of water content on the bamboo sticks. Try it in all directions, you will have a more comprehensive grasp, and you will be reminded of what water supply method to use. All of the above refers to soil moisture, but cymbidium does not need roots and has no root hair. The water absorption area is limited, and the area where leaves are clustered to evaporate water is not small. Humid air is most conducive to the balance of water absorption and evaporation. Therefore, raising orchids in cities (towns) can produce good orchids if this problem can be seriously solved. (D) dialectical application of water according to different situations
Generally speaking, there are the following differences:
(1) Every tile and sand basin should be watered more, with purple sand in the middle, and glazed basin of porcelain basin should be watered less;
(2) Large pots are watered more. Small pots have less soil and short storage time, so we should pay more attention to observation and give more seedlings to less seedlings;
(3) Water coarse clay materials more; On the contrary, those who don't benefit from water should water less.
(4) According to the growing season of orchids, more water should be supplied during the germination period, and it can be gradually reduced after the buds grow out; In the dormant period, that is, after winter, you can water less; The growth and flowering of buds should be moist, and it can be slightly more after the arrow is pulled out in the second year; The flowering period can be reduced, and the normal water supply will be restored after the flowers wither for half a month.
(5) Water supply according to the climate change of the four seasons. The temperature rises gradually in spring, so water it in time. This period should not be short of water, because this is the stage of bud formation and growth. Summer is the season with the highest temperature all year round, and it is also the growing period of roots and leaves. In addition, the evaporation of water is large, so it is not necessary to lack water. When the basin soil is dry, it should be watered, which is beneficial to the formation of dew at night. In the meantime, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity of the surrounding air in order to cool down. Whelan's growth habit likes the temperature difference between day and night, which should generally be controlled at 6? Between 8℃. In a closed balcony, the temperature can be as high as 30℃ or above, which requires proper ventilation and humidification; In beginning of autumn, the temperature drops gradually, and some orchids can still grow autumn buds at this time. After 10, the evaporation of water gradually decreases, so the basin soil should be moist. In winter, Whelan mostly goes into hibernation, and the humidity can be reduced, but don't forget to prevent dryness. At the turn of winter and spring, it is the time when Chunlan quickly draws flowers and spits arrows. It is necessary to maintain an appropriate amount of water supply, but it should not be too wet.
(6) According to the types of flowers, epiphytic orchids can be watered less, and terrestrial orchids can be watered more; If the leaves are wide, you can water them less, and if the leaves are large and thin, you can water them more. Orchid plants grow vigorously, so it is necessary to water more. If the root system is poor, it is necessary to water less. According to people's long-term practice, watering should be done at night in late spring, summer and Mid-Autumn Festival. In winter and spring, it is advisable to water after sunrise or when the weather is warm at noon. In addition, the exposed orchid pots should not be watered suddenly, and the sudden cooling will affect the root water absorption; Avoid watering at noon when the temperature is the highest in summer. If you want to speed up the cooling, just spray around orchids. Generally, the water temperature should be moderate. According to human touch, the temperature difference between soil and surrounding air and water should not be too large. Therefore, it is necessary to water and wet it at noon on a sunny day in winter, or dry the water for a while before watering it. (5) the method of watering
(1) When watering, water should be slowly injected from the edge of the basin, so that the water can slowly soak from the edge of the basin to the center of the basin. When using this method, it is necessary to emphasize pouring thoroughly to make the basin soil fully saturated and prevent the basin soil from being loose and tight, forming dry blocks and wet blocks. If this method is not mastered properly, it will easily lead to the abnormal growth direction of orchid roots. Even if floating roots appear (that is, the roots grow horizontally), most roots will grow upward, resulting in poor absorption, slow development and weak growth of orchid roots.
(2) Soak the blue flowerpot in a pool, big basin or bucket filled with water, or slowly enter the water after the old friend of the blue flowerpot to avoid overflowing the edge of the pot. At first, the basin absorbs water quickly and the water level drops, so add water patiently until the water level is stable and soak for 2-4 hours. After the orchid pot is taken out, it must be dried for a period of time, put in a ventilated place, and then put back to its normal position after the water drops stop.
(3) Fill bubbles with waste yarn and other fibers, block the bottom hole (side hole) of the basin, pour water for several hours, and then open the drain hole for drainage.
(4) Immerse potted plants in shallow water, but try to use potted plants with tripod feet. This infiltration method can wet the soil. At present, the patented product of Yunnan Dongchuan Porcelain Factory, double-layer purple sand basin, is very unique and practical.
(5) The water sprayed should be fine, not too much, and the degree should be moist. It can be sprayed in time during the growth period of orchids, but care should be taken not to let more water droplets stay in leaf sheaths and flower buds. Water spraying time should be carried out in the morning and evening. When the temperature is extremely high, water can be sprayed around the basin to cool down.