Intelligent and intelligent dual-control electric bicycles are basically the same in principle. They are all composed of car body parts, batteries, transmission parts, microcomputer controllers and force measuring and speed measuring sensing parts (commonly known as torque sensors). When riding intelligently, people's pedaling force is measured by the sensor, and the motor outputs corresponding power after microcomputer processing, which makes people's riding very labor-saving. The greater the pedaling force, the greater the output power of the motor, that is, the electric assistance, and vice versa. #W4a#H
The biggest advantages of intelligent riding are safety, power saving and convenient use. Riding an intelligent electric bicycle is exactly the same as riding an ordinary bicycle, but with the help of electricity, riding is easier and more labor-saving. Most countries in Europe and America and Japan need intelligent electric bicycles. Among them, Japan only allows intelligent electric bicycles to go on the road, and has formulated very strict regulations on the requirements of intelligent electric bicycles. Specifically: 1) In any road condition, when the speed is less than 15km/h, the manpower: electric assistance is ≥1, that is, the electric assistance is not allowed to be greater than the manpower, but the electric assistance can be close to the manpower. 2) Under any road conditions, when the speed is greater than 15km/h, the electric assistance will decrease by 1/9 for every 1km/h increase in speed. 3) When the speed is less than or equal to 24 km/h, the electric power-assisted system of the whole vehicle is turned off. 4) Within 1 second after the start of human pedaling, the electric assisted system works according to the above requirements; Within 1 second after the human pedaling stops, the electric power-assisted system of the whole vehicle is turned off. 5) In order to save electric energy, after the intelligent electric-assisted bicycle stops running for a certain period of time (usually 3-5 minutes), the whole vehicle is in a dormant state. 6) The continuity of riding must be ensured, and there should be no intermittent phenomenon of electric assistance. 5&
in order to realize the intelligent riding as mentioned above, the intelligent electric-assisted bicycle must have a torque sensor and a microcomputer controller. Hgv
intelligent dual-control electric bicycle is a new kind of vehicle which can be used for both intelligent riding and manual driving. Like the intelligent electric bicycle, it also needs a torque sensor and a microcomputer controller. Intelligent riding is the same as pure intelligent electric bicycle, and manual driving is the same as pure electric bicycle. It differs from smart car only in that the software and hardware of microcomputer controller are slightly different. Intelligent dual-control electric bicycle is a product that is very suitable for China's national conditions and the current battery is not fully qualified. Pure electric and pure intelligent driving will make people feel tired, and it is easy to use them alternately; Intelligent driving during starting, uphill, headwind and acceleration reduces the use of high current and saves electricity, which can not only prolong the battery life, but also increase the driving range; When the road conditions are good and there are few people, drive by hand; It is very safe to ride intelligently when the road conditions are poor and people are crowded. Intelligent dual control, if properly designed, can realize seamless switching between intelligent and manual control, which is very convenient to use. If this kind of electric bicycle is used in large and medium-sized cities in China, it is a good product that is safe and saves electricity. The core components of intelligent electric bicycles and intelligent dual-control electric bicycles are torque sensing components and microcomputer controllers. The software and hardware design of microcomputer controller is beyond the scope of this paper. The principle and some structures of torque sensor are introduced below. Torque sensor is a force measuring device in intelligent and intelligent dual-control electric bicycles, and its function is to measure people's pedaling force. Therefore, its installation position must be related to the pedal force of people. In cycling, which places are associated with people's pedaling power? P^> 2y
Installation position and relevant scheme of torque sensor. A. Pedal: Pedal torque sensor. A pressure sensor is installed on the pedal, and manpower is applied to the pedal, so that the pressure sensor can output a voltage signal that varies with the manpower, and the voltage signal is transmitted to a microcomputer controller through a set of carbon brush mechanisms, so that the proportional output of manpower and electric power is realized. Advantages: simple structure and low cost; Disadvantages: the transmission line is long and there are many unreliable factors, so it is not suitable. B crank: crank torque sensor. A strain gauge is installed on the crank. When the crank is pedaled by human power, the crank is slightly deformed, and the strain gauge outputs corresponding voltage signals. The output signal varies with the manpower. The output signal is transmitted to the microcomputer controller to realize the proportional output of manpower and electric power. The advantages and disadvantages are the same as above, which is not desirable. C sprocket wheel: sprocket torque sensor.
the sprocket disc is designed as a driving and driven double sprocket. The driving wheel is fixed with the crank, and the driven wheel drives the chain. The driving and driven wheels are connected by springs. When people pedal, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to move through the spring. At this time, there will be angular displacement between the driving wheel and the driven wheel. The angular displacement is measured, and the angular displacement signal is processed by a microcomputer controller, so that the proportional output between manpower and electric power is realized. This scheme is completely practical and feasible. D. Central axis: Central axis torque sensor.
the central axis sensor is the place where many manufacturers place torque sensors. The schemes represented by YAMAHA, Giant and Merida in Taiwan Province are not described here. Next, a scheme of central axis torque sensing is introduced in detail. The following figure is the schematic diagram of the original center axle torque sensor used for eccentric axle sleeve in intelligent electric bicycle, which was tested and certified by Japanese National Security Committee in 1995 in Tsinghua. When riding, the middle axle rotates in the middle axle sleeve under the action of the pedal and crank of the foot. At the same time, the center shaft and the middle shaft sleeve are affected by Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the center shaft torque sensor to a downward force F, which will act on the eccentric shaft sleeve. The eccentric shaft sleeve is installed in the five-way pipe. Because the middle shaft and the middle shaft sleeve are not concentric with the eccentric shaft sleeve, under the action of this force F, the eccentric shaft sleeve will rotate in the five-way pipe and form an angular displacement. When human power stops pedaling, the eccentric shaft sleeve is reset under the action of another elastic element. The angular displacement of the eccentric shaft sleeve changes with the pedaling force of people. This constantly changing angular displacement is measured and transmitted to the microcomputer controller by voltage signal, so that intelligent riding can be realized. Advantages: compact structure, intelligent sensing can be realized only by a big five-way central shaft. Disadvantages: the processing of eccentric shaft sleeve is complicated and has certain accuracy requirements; In addition, there are six bearings with different sizes, which makes the cost high, but this is only a small disadvantage. The biggest disadvantage of this scheme is that the rotation of eccentric shaft sleeve drives the sprocket disc to produce micro-displacement before and after, which will cause the chain to change tightness. E chain: pressure chain torque sensor. The pressure chain torque sensor of chain wheel lever mechanism is a sensing scheme with simple structure, low cost, reliable performance, light weight and high use value for flat fork guide wheel. It's a cheap and good product. The concrete scheme of the chain flywheel of the displacement measuring device is obvious to everyone. Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the pressure chain torque sensor is not mentioned here. Here, we will only remind you that some manufacturers have also designed pressure chain torque sensors, but in use, the vibration of the chain produces displacement, which leads to the false identification of the torque sensor. The illustrated scheme adopts the lever principle, so that the up-and-down movement range of the guide wheel is controlled within 2∽3mm under the action of force, and the displacement received by the displacement sensing device will be about 1∽15mm through the amplification of the lever principle. Thus, that misoperation cause by chain jitter can be effectively overcome. The pressure chain torque sensor is mature in technology and has a promising application prospect. F flywheel, rear axle and wheel hub: rear torque sensor. The scheme of placing the torque sensor at the flywheel, rear axle and hub can be collectively called the rear torque sensor. Generally, the rear torque sensor adopts the scheme of driving wheel and driven wheel. The driving wheel is connected with the flywheel, the driven wheel is connected with the rear wheel, and the middle is connected with an elastic element. The principle is basically the same as that of the sprocket torque sensor. When the rear torque sensor is placed in the hub, the driving wheel is connected with the flywheel, the driven wheel is connected with the outer rotor of the hub, and the elastic element is in the middle. Sanyo in Japan and Tsinghua in Beijing have both developed and produced motor wheels with built-in torque sensors, and applied for related patents < P >. The basic principle of torque sensor is briefly introduced above. The specific application depends on the specific layout and quality of the vehicle, the price and the requirements for force measurement to choose which scheme is the most suitable, and it cannot be mechanically copied. In a word, it is very necessary to know some knowledge of torque sensing. Now some manufacturers claim to have mastered the technology of intelligent electric bicycles, but they don't know the knowledge of torque sensing. What they call intelligent technology is false intelligence. Riding with false intelligence feels bad. If China's electric bicycles want to go global, they must master intelligent technology and torque sensing technology. At the same time, in order to produce qualified intelligent electric bicycles, it is necessary to master microcomputer control technology. Only in this way can we become a real electric bicycle power and make our own contribution to the electric bicycle industry in China!