77) Patent Law: refers to the general name of legal norms regulating the exclusive right of invention and creation and the social relations arising from the use of proprietary inventions and creations.
78) The subject of patent right refers to the units and individuals who can apply for and obtain the patent right.
79) The object of patent right refers to the object protected by the patent law, that is, the invention and creation that can be patented according to law. Invention-creation mentioned in China Patent Law refers to inventions, utility models and designs.
80) Invention: Invention as mentioned in the Patent Law refers to a new technical scheme proposed for a product, method or its improvement. Divided into product invention and method invention.
8 1) utility model: refers to a new technical scheme suitable for practical use for the shape, structure or combination of two products. In some countries, it is called a gizmo.
82) Appearance design: refers to the new design of the shape, pattern, color or their combination of products, which is aesthetic and suitable for industrial application.
83) Priority: According to the provisions of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, priority means that when applying for a patent, each contracting state should recognize the priority of the nationals of the other country, that is, if an invention-creation is filed in another contracting state within the time limit after the first application in one contracting state, the applicant has the right to request that the date of the first application be regarded as the date of the subsequent application.
84) Compulsory license refers to a compulsory legal means by which the Patent Office allows other units and individuals to exploit the patentee's patent under certain conditions without the consent of the patentee.
85) Trademark: a symbol of goods and commercial services. It is a symbol used by commodity producers or operators to show that the goods they produce or sell and the services provided by commercial service providers are different from the similar goods produced or sold by others and the similar services provided. This kind of mark is generally represented by words, graphics or a combination of the two.
86) Trademark registration: refers to a legal activity in which a trademark user applies to the trademark management authority for registration of the trademark he uses in accordance with the registration conditions and procedures stipulated in the Trademark Law and its detailed rules for implementation, and after being approved by the Trademark Office according to law, he logs in the trademark register, issues a trademark registration certificate, announces it, and grants the registrant the exclusive right to use the trademark.
87) Statistical law: it is the general name of legal norms regulating statistical relations. Statistical relations are the social relations of state organs, enterprises and institutions, other social organizations and citizens in statistical activities.
88) Fixed assets investment law: it is the general name of legal norms regulating the investment relationship of fixed assets. It is the code of conduct for people to invest in fixed assets and the legal guarantee for the smooth progress of fixed assets investment. Investment in fixed assets includes capital construction investment and renovation investment.
89) The subject of investment in fixed assets refers to a legal person or natural person who has the right to make investment decisions, the ability to raise funds and the ability to bear investment risks. It is the unity of investment decision makers, fundraisers and risk takers.
90) Taxation: It is a form that the state participates in the distribution and redistribution of national income in order to realize its functions in accordance with the provisions of the tax law.
9 1) tax law: it is the general name of legal norms to adjust the tax collection and management relationship between tax authorities and taxpayers and collect a certain currency or kind of tax free of charge.
92) Tax system: it is the general name of a country's tax burden structure, tax management system and collection management system. Including the legal basis for the state to levy taxes on taxpayers and the working procedures of tax authorities.
93) Taxpayer: Also known as taxpayer or taxpayer. Refers to social organizations and individuals with direct tax obligations as stipulated in the tax law.
94) Tax object: also known as tax object or tax basis. How much is the tax? According to the object of taxation, China's taxation can be divided into five categories: turnover tax, income tax, property tax, behavior tax and resource tax.
95) Taxes: namely, taxes, indicating which taxes.
96) Tax Item: refers to the taxable items specified in each tax type, which is the concretization of the object of taxation and reflects the scope and breadth of taxation.
97) Tax rate: refers to the proportion of tax payment to the amount of tax object. It is the main means to calculate the tax payable and the core element in the tax law. China's current tax law adopts three tax rates: proportional tax rate, progressive tax rate and fixed tax rate.
98) Tax legal relationship: refers to the rights and obligations relationship between tax authorities and taxpayers in tax activities according to the provisions of the tax law.
99) Turnover tax: it is a kind of tax that takes the circulation of goods and labor income as the tax object.
100) Value-added tax: refers to a tax that takes the added value of products, that is, the added value, as the object of taxation.
10 1) land value-added tax: it is a tax levied on the value-added income obtained by units and individuals from paid transfer of land use rights. Its characteristics are: more value-added signs, fewer value-added signs and no value-added signs.
102) consumption tax: it is a tax levied on specific consumer goods and consumption behaviors.
103) business tax: refers to a tax levied on the business income of units and individuals engaged in providing taxable services, transferring intangible assets or selling real estate in China.
104) income tax: income tax, which is based on the taxpayer's income. Originated in England.
105) Income tax on foreign-invested enterprises and foreign enterprises: Also known as foreign enterprise income tax, it refers to a tax levied on the income from production and operation of foreign-invested enterprises in China and the income from production and operation of foreign enterprises in China.
106) property tax: refers to a local tax levied on people who own taxable property. Such as property tax, deed tax, etc.
107) specific behavior tax: also known as specific purpose tax, it refers to a tax levied on the implementation of a certain legal act. Including vehicle and vessel use tax, stamp duty, etc.
108) resource tax: it refers to the taxation of people who have the right to level resources, that is, a tax levied on the level income generated by the units and individuals who exploit and utilize China's resources due to the differences in resource structure, development and sales conditions in various places.
109) tax management system: refers to the system that divides the central and local tax management authority. China's current tax management system is "unified leadership and hierarchical management", which is divided into central and local levels.
1 10) collection management system: refers to the working rules of tax authorities for tax collection according to the tax law, which generally consists of three links: management, inspection and collection.
1 1 1) Central Bank: China People's Bank is the central bank of China, and all its capital is invested and owned by the state. Is the issuing bank, the government bank, the bank's bank. It is the functional department of the State Council to supervise and manage the national financial undertakings.
1 12) commercial bank: it is a profit-making enterprise legal person, and its business is to absorb deposits, issue loans and settle accounts. It conducts business activities with money as commodities, and obtains profits by buying and selling money to provide financial services.
1 13) price method: it is the general name of legal norms to adjust the price relationship. Generally speaking, the adjustment object of price law refers to various price relations related to the formulation, implementation and supervision of prices.
1 14) audit: refers to the supervision activities in which full-time institutions and professionals audit and evaluate the finances, financial revenues and expenditures and related economic activities of state organs, enterprises and institutions according to law.
1 15) measurement: it is the general name of the legal norms regulating the measurement relationship.
1 16) standardization law: it is the general name of laws and norms related to standardization that the state scientifically manages modern production.
1 17) standardization: it is mainly an activity to give solutions to problems repeatedly applied in the fields of science, technology and economy, and its purpose is to obtain order.
1 18) natural resources law: it is the general name of legal norms regulating economic relations in the process of managing, protecting, developing and utilizing natural resources.
1 19) land management law: it is the general name of legal norms that adjust the economic relations that occur in the process of land management, protection, development and utilization.
120) forest law: it is the general name of legal norms that adjust the economic relations in the process of forest, forest management, protection, logging, utilization of forest resources and afforestation.
12 1) water law: refers to the general name of legal norms regulating economic relations in the process of water development, utilization, management, protection and pesticide elimination.
122) arbitration: Also known as arbitration, it refers to the activity of making a judgment or ruling on a dispute between the parties through mediation by an arbitration institution.
123) economic justice: refers to the activities of people's courts and people's procuratorates to try and prosecute economic disputes and economic crimes according to law. Economic justice includes two aspects: economic trial system and economic procuratorial system.
124) economic agency: refers to the activities of the people's procuratorate to prosecute criminal activities in the economic field, implement legal supervision and exercise procuratorial power according to law.
125) Transfer of land use right: refers to the act of land users transferring land use right again.
126) Securities: Generally speaking, securities can be divided into marketable securities and marketable securities. Securities refer to the ownership or creditor's rights certificate with a certain face value, which proves that the holder can obtain certain income on schedule. The narrow sense of marketable securities refers to capital security, while the broad sense of marketable securities also includes monetary securities.
127) securities law: it is the general name of legal norms regulating economic relations in the process of securities issuance, trading and securities supervision.
128) securities issuance: refers to the behavior of qualified securities issuers to sell securities to investors according to certain procedures for the purpose of raising funds. The securities issuance market is also called the primary market.
129) securities underwriting: refers to the underwriting method in which a securities company purchases all the issuer's securities as agreed, or purchases all the after-sales securities by itself at the end of the underwriting period.
130) securities consignment: refers to the underwriting method in which securities companies sell securities on behalf of issuers and return all unsold securities to issuers at the end of the underwriting period.
13 1) Securities trading: refers to the behavior that issued securities are traded again among different securities investors. According to the different securities trading places, it can be divided into stock exchange trading and non-centralized bidding trading. The stock exchange market is also called the secondary market.
132) stock exchange: it is a place for centralized bidding of securities, which is divided into two types: one is a non-profit legal person with membership system and the other is a profit-making legal person with company system. Our country adopts the former.
133) securities company: refers to a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company that engages in securities business in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law and with the approval of the the State Council securities regulatory authority. The state implements classified management of securities companies, which are divided into comprehensive securities companies and brokerage securities companies.
134) Presentation for acceptance: refers to the act that the holder presents the bill to the drawee and asks the drawee to pay.
135) Allocation of land use right: refers to the behavior that the people's government at or above the county level approves the use of land users or delivers the land use right to land users free of charge after paying compensation and resettlement fees.
136) macro-control: refers to the state's control over the overall activities of the national economy in order to achieve the basic balance of the total economic output, promote the optimization of the economic structure and guide the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. The economic relations in the process of macro-control mainly by indirect means are referred to as macro-control relations for short.
137) management right: refers to the right that an enterprise enjoys according to law when carrying out production and business activities. The content of management right includes production, supply, sales, people, money and things.
138) claim right: refers to the right of the subject of economic law to ask the infringer to stop the infringement and the relevant state organs to protect their legitimate rights and interests when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed.
139) rebate: refers to the fact that in the process of market transactions, an operator withdraws a certain proportion of cash from the transaction price or pays extra money or securities to another unit or individual at a fixed fee.
140) commission: refers to the remuneration obtained by independent intermediaries in providing services, introducing, arranging transactions or buying and selling goods on behalf of others in market trading activities.
14 1) recourse: Also known as repayment right, it is the right that the holder exercises to the debtor who should repay the bill amount after exercising or preserving the rights on the bill. The right of recourse can only be exercised if the right of payment cannot be realized.
142) service invention: refers to the service invention and creation made by the staff of enterprises, institutions, social organizations and state organs when performing their own work tasks or mainly using their own material conditions. The right to apply for a patent belongs to this unit.
143) *** Co-inventor (designer): An invention completed by two or more people * * * is a * * joint invention. People who complete inventions are called * * * and inventors or * * * and designers.
Trademark law (144): it is the general name of legal norms regulating social relations in the process of confirming and protecting the exclusive right to use trademarks.
145) exclusive right to use a registered trademark: it means that the owner of a registered trademark enjoys the exclusive right to use all his registered trademarks. Without its permission, no one may use the same or similar trademarks on the same or similar goods.
146) comprehensive planning balance: it is the basic method of planning. Comprehensive balance refers to the unified coordination and reasonable arrangement of manpower, material resources and financial resources of the whole society, so that social production and social demand can be balanced on the whole and social production can develop in a coordinated way on the whole.
Energy Law (147): It is the general name of legal norms regulating economic relations in the process of energy management, protection, development, production, utilization and conservation.
148) real estate mortgage: refers to the act that the mortgagor provides the mortgagee with a debt performance guarantee with his legal real estate without transferring possession. When the debtor fails to perform his debts, the mortgagee has the right to be paid in priority with the proceeds from auction of mortgaged real estate according to law.
149) joint venture agreement: refers to the documents concluded by the parties to a joint venture on some key points and principles of establishing a joint venture. With the consent of the parties to the joint venture, the joint venture contract and articles of association may be signed instead of the joint venture agreement.
150) joint venture contract: refers to the documents concluded by the parties to a joint venture to establish a joint venture and reach an agreement on mutual rights and obligations. In case of conflict between the joint venture agreement and the joint venture contract, the joint venture contract shall prevail.
15 1) Articles of Association of a joint venture: It is a document that stipulates the purpose, organizational principles and management methods of a joint venture according to the principles stipulated in the joint venture contract and agreed by all parties to the joint venture.