The working principle of a computer is similar to that of a TV or VCD player. If you give it some instructions, it will perform some function according to your meaning. However, do you know that these instructions are not sent directly to the hardware you want to control? Instead, you receive your instructions through the aforementioned input devices, such as keyboard and mouse, and then the central processing unit (CPU) processes these instructions, and finally the output device outputs the results you want.
Now, let's think back to the way the human brain works with a simple calculation problem.
The topic is simple: 8+4÷2=?
First of all, we should record this problem on paper with a pen and keep it in our minds. Then, after thinking of brain neurons and combining our previous knowledge, we decided to use four algorithms and the formula of 99 multiplication. First, we use our brains to calculate the intermediate result of 4÷2=2 and record it on paper. Then we use our brains to calculate the final result of 8+2= 10 and record it on paper.
By doing this simple operation, we found a rule: first, the captured information is transmitted to the brain through sensory organs such as eyes and ears and stored, and then the information is processed, and then the brain controls people to express the final result in some way.
The working principle of the computer is the same as that of the human brain (this is also the origin of the name "computer"). Its input device, memory, arithmetic unit, controller, output device and other components correspond to various functional organs of the human brain respectively to complete the input, processing and output of information.
TRIZ is an "invention problem solving theory", which consists of the initials of the original Russian word "invention problem solving theory" and can also be abbreviated as TIPS in European and American countries. Its research began in 1946. Hundreds of people from universities, research institutes and enterprises in the former Soviet Union have analyzed and studied nearly 2.5 million invention patents in the world, and integrated the principles and laws of many disciplines to form a TRIZ theoretical system. Its main purpose is to study the scientific principles and laws that human beings follow in the process of inventing and solving technical problems. And summarize them to form a theoretical method system that can guide the actual new product development. The application of this theory can greatly accelerate the process of people's invention and obtain high-quality innovative products.
Product improvement, technological change and innovation in any field, like biological systems, all have processes of emergence, growth, maturity, aging and extinction, and all have laws to follow. If people master these laws, they can actively design products and predict the future development trend of products. TRIZ, the theory of solving invention problems, summarizes the objective law of the development and evolution of technology system through the analysis of high-level invention patents made by human beings, forms a systematic methodology system, and guides people to innovate and solve engineering problems.
First, TRIZ theory-innovative science
Practice has proved that once the internal laws of invention and creation are discovered and mastered and a scientific theory is formed, the realization of innovation can become orderly and predictable, just like solving mathematical problems, the quality and efficiency of innovation will be greatly improved. Based on this idea, G.S.Altshuller, a famous inventor of the former Soviet Union, put forward a famous innovation theory-the theory of solving invention problems in 1946, which is abbreviated as TRIZ in Russian.
On the basis of a large number of patent analysis, Altschuler and his collaborators summarized the regular patterns followed by the development and evolution of various technologies, as well as the innovative principles and laws for solving various engineering contradictions, and constructed TRIZ theory. It can be said that TRIZ theory is the perfect combination of human existing scientific and technological knowledge and innovative thinking laws and methods. It reveals the laws and principles of human innovation activities more deeply and systematically, provides a solid theoretical and methodological basis for better innovation, and is a breakthrough achievement in understanding and promoting human innovation activities.
Second, the core idea and basic characteristics of TRIZ theory
The core idea of TRIZ theory is mainly embodied in three aspects. First of all, whether it is a simple product or a complex technical system, the development of its core technology follows objective laws, that is, there are objective evolutionary laws and patterns. Secondly, the continuous solution of various technical problems, conflicts and contradictions is the driving force to promote this evolutionary process. Then the ideal state of technical system development is to realize the most functions with the least resources.
Compared with traditional innovative methods, TRIZ theory has distinct characteristics and advantages. It successfully reveals the internal laws and principles of the invention, quickly confirms and solves the contradictions existing in the system, and studies the whole product development process according to the development and evolution of technology. Therefore, the application of TRIZ theory can greatly accelerate the process of invention and creation and improve the level of product innovation. Specifically, it can help us:
1. Systematically analyze the problem situation, quickly discover the essence of the problem, and accurately define innovative problems and contradictions.
2. Provide more reasonable solutions and better ideas for innovative problems or contradictions.
3. Break the mindset, stimulate innovative thinking, and look at the problem from a broader perspective.
4. According to the evolution law of technical system, accurately determine the exploration direction, predict the future development trend and develop new products.
5. Break the boundaries of knowledge and achieve technological breakthroughs.
Third, the main content of TRIZ theory
In the most popular sense, innovation is a process of creatively discovering and solving problems. The powerful function of TRIZ theory lies in that it provides a systematic theoretical and methodological tool for people to creatively discover and solve problems.
At present, the TRIZ theoretical system mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Innovative thinking methods and problem analysis methods
TRIZ theory provides a scientific method to systematically analyze problems, such as multi-screen method. For the analysis of complex problems, it includes the scientific problem analysis modeling method-material field analysis method, which can help to quickly confirm the core problems and find the fundamental contradictions.
2. Evolution law of technical system
According to the evolution law of technical system, on the basis of a large number of patent analysis, TRIZ theory summarizes and refines eight basic evolution laws. Using these evolution laws, we can analyze and confirm the current technical state of products, predict the future development trend and develop competitive new products.
3. The principle of solving engineering contradictions
Different inventions often follow the same rules. TRIZ theory summarizes these laws into 40 principles of invention and 1 1 principle of separation. For specific contradictions, we can seek specific solutions based on these innovative principles.
4. Standard solution to the invention problem
According to the different characteristics of the material field model of specific problems, there are standard model processing methods, including model modification, transformation, adding material and field, and so on.
5. Invent the problem solving algorithm ARIZ
Mainly for technical systems with complex problems, contradictions and unclear related components. It is a non-computational logical process of a series of deformation and redefinition of the initial problem, which realizes the step-by-step in-depth analysis of the problem, the transformation of the problem and the solution of the problem.
Fourthly, the research and application of TRIZ theory.
TRIZ theory occupies a unique position in the field of global innovation and creativity research because of its good operability, systematicness and practicality. After theoretical creation and internal integration of theoretical system, TRIZ theory is in the stage of further improvement and development and integration with other advanced innovative theories and methods, especially it has become the most effective theoretical and methodological basis for computer-aided innovative technology and innovative problem solving.
After more than half a century's development, TRIZ theory has developed into a mature theory and method system to solve practical problems in new product development. It is practical and has been tested by practice, and its application field has also expanded from engineering technology to management and society. Nowadays, TRIZ theory has received great attention in western industrial countries, and the research and practice of TRIZ have been rapidly popularized and developed. Now it has achieved great benefits for many well-known enterprises.