What is the development process of thermal insulation materials? Who can give a brief introduction?

Foreign countries generally attach importance to the production of insulation materials and the insulation of buildings, and strive to greatly reduce energy consumption, thereby reducing environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. Using good thermal insulation materials in industry is helpful to reduce product energy consumption and production cost, which has great social benefits. Foreign insulation materials industry has a long history, and insulation materials used for building energy conservation account for the vast majority. For example, from 1987 in the United States, building insulation materials account for about 8 1% of all insulation materials, and more than 80% of rock wool products in western European countries such as Sweden and Finland are used for building energy conservation. However, China's thermal insulation materials industry developed late, and most of them are used in industrial kilns, heating pipes and equipment, refrigerated transportation and so on. And there is also a big gap in production technology and product types. Therefore, it is necessary to make a brief review of the development process of foreign insulation materials industry in order to achieve the purpose of reference.

A brief history of the development of thermal insulation materials abroad

Slag wool

The development of mineral cotton products in the world has been 160 years. 1840, it was first discovered in Britain that molten slag could form fibers after being injected, and the production of slag cotton began. From 65438 to 0880, Germany and the United States began to produce waste cotton by studying its properties and uses, and then other countries used and produced it one after another. From 1930 to 1950, the large-scale production and application of mineral wool began.

From 65438 to 0980, the output of mineral wool products in the world was in a relatively stable stage, because the development speed of other moisturizing materials, such as glass wool and foam plastics, was accelerated, while the development speed of major mineral wool producing countries was slowed down. Although the output of mineral wool has not increased much, it has made great progress in production scale, technology and deep processing.

glass wool

The output of foreign glass wool is about 2 million tons, and the main producing countries are the United States, France and Japan. There are many kinds of glass wool products, mainly including glass wool felt, glass wool board, glass wool belt, glass carpet and glass wool insulation tube. Glass wool products are mainly used in the construction industry, and the consumption in construction accounts for more than 80% of glass wool production, even reaching 90% in Japan.

From 65438 to 2009 in the 1990s, the United States has made glass fiber from glass, and began to make glass fiber by mechanical methods in the 1930s. At that time, there was a rod pulling method and a flat blowing method, and the fiber diameter was relatively thick, reaching more than 25 μ m. During the First World War, because the source of imported asbestos was cut off, Germany vigorously developed glass wool as a substitute. Because of its excellent performance of heat insulation and sound insulation, once it came out, countries rushed to develop it. Due to the low output of production methods such as tie rod method, it can not meet the needs, so new technological methods have emerged.

In the 1940s, Owens-Corning Company of the United States successfully developed the flame spraying process, and obtained the patent right at 1949, which can produce super-elastic cotton and paper-making cotton with a cotton fiber diameter of 3-5 microns or even smaller. 1956, the French company Saint-Gobain successfully developed the centrifugal injection method (Tel method) and sold the patent to more than a dozen countries.

expanded perlite

From 1940, the United States began to produce and use expanded perlite in large quantities. Most countries in the world first developed and applied expanded perlite from the construction industry, and gradually expanded to agriculture, industrial filtration, metallurgy and other industries. Today, although expanded perlite has a wide range of applications, most of its products are still used in the construction industry, and its consumption accounts for more than 60% of the total output of expanded perlite in the world.

In foreign countries, the application scope of expanded perlite and its products is still expanding, and there are more than 60 known uses of/kloc-0. In all state-owned countries, the construction industry is still the country with the largest amount of expanded perlite, which is mainly used as sandwich wallboard, roof panel and floor slab of high-rise buildings, and also as fire-resistant insulation layer. The economical sandwich wallboard with perlite concrete as the middle layer and metal plate as the surface layer has been widely used in the United States. Perlite concrete is also widely used in roof structures. In the construction industry in Germany, expanded perlite is widely used as thermal insulation and sound insulation layer, as aggregate of thermal insulation and anti-inflammatory plastering mortar, and for preparing fast-hardening masonry mortar. In addition, using asphalt perlite board as roof insulation layer can be comparable to foam glass.

Calcium silicate thermal insulation products

In the 1940s, calcium silicate thermal insulation products first appeared in the United States. Among many thermal insulation materials, calcium silicate thermal insulation products have the advantages of high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, convenient construction and reusability, so the calcium silicate industry has developed rapidly.

1952 started wet production, and the density dropped to about 230Kg/m3. By the early 1970s, Japanese manufacturers of calcium silicate products with temperature resistance of 650℃ were: Korea-Japan Asbestos Company, Japan Asbestos Company, Osaka Packaging Company, Shenniao Chemical Industry Company, etc. Three of them also produced products with temperature resistance 1000℃.

In 1980s, Mitsubishi Chemical Company of Japan further produced asbestos-free microporous calcium silicate products with the density of 100kg/m3 through dynamic process, and sold them as patents to Jones-Mainville (J.M) Company of the United States.

Development trend of thermal insulation materials abroad

Improve the performance of existing thermal insulation materials, improve the production process and reduce the production cost: aiming at the problems existing in the production and use of various thermal insulation materials, such as the development of polyurethane foam to fluorine-free luminescence, improve the flame retardancy; Calcium silicate thermal insulation material is developing in the direction of ultra-light and completely hydrophobic; Cellulose thermal insulation products are developing in the direction of solving the penetration problem of flame retardant borate, improving the service life of various thermal insulation materials, and thus saving production raw materials and energy.

Develop multifunctional composite thermal insulation materials to improve the thermal insulation efficiency of products and expand the application of products.

At present, there are some defects in the application of thermal insulation materials: calcium silicate is easy to contain corrosive calcium oxide in wet state, and it is not easy to use in low temperature environment when it keeps moisture for a long time; Glass fiber absorbs water easily and is not suitable for low temperature environment and temperature above 540℃. Mineral wool also has water absorption, so it is not suitable for low temperature environment, but only suitable for high temperature environment without water; Polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam are not suitable for high temperature, flammable, shrinking and producing toxic gases; Because foam glass is sensitive to thermal shock, it is not suitable for use in the state of rapid temperature change. Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of thermal insulation materials, countries have developed lightweight and multifunctional composite thermal insulation materials.

Attach importance to environmental protection of thermal insulation materials industry and develop "green" thermal insulation materials products.

Foreign countries attach great importance to the environmental protection of thermal insulation materials industry, from raw material preparation (mining or transportation), product production and use, and future treatment, it is required to save resources to the maximum extent and reduce the harm to the environment.

Thermal insulation material industry is a very successful example of resource recycling abroad, which saves natural resources, reduces the pressure of waste logistics on the environment, and consumes less energy in the production process. For example, the United States encourages the use of a large number of recyclable raw materials in the insulation industry. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stipulates that if you want to get more federal funds than 10000 dollars, the minimum recyclable components in the insulation materials selected for construction projects must meet the prescribed standards.

In addition, foreign countries also attach great importance to the environmental protection of thermal insulation materials in production and use. For example, in the industrial production of foam thermal insulation materials, we actively look for the substitute products of CFC foaming agents to produce foam thermal insulation materials without freon.

Hua heng nai Cai