Workshop patent

1733 mechanic Kay invented the flying shuttle, which greatly improved the weaving efficiency. 1764-1767 james hargreaves, a textile worker, invented Jenny spinning machine, which improved the spinning efficiency. 1769, carpenter Hayes invented the hydraulic spinning machine. Later, hairdresser Akelet copied Hayes' hydraulic spinning machine and obtained the patent of 14 years. And established the first cotton mill in Manchester. 1779, Crompton, a mechanic, combined the advantages of two kinds of spinning machines, invented the spinning frame, which was later improved into an automatic cotton spinning machine. 1785, pastor Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom again, and built the first power loom factory in 179 1. Then other textile machines were invented one after another, realizing the mechanized production of the textile industry. At that time, the power of textile depended on water power, which limited the development of industry, so the steam engine was invented. 1782 james watt successfully invented the one-way steam engine according to the achievements of predecessors, and made the two-way steam engine in 1782. The appearance of the steam engine promoted the development of the industrial revolution. 1800 years, Britain had 32 1 steam engines and 52 10 horsepower, which increased sharply to 15000 and 375000 horsepower in 2005.

Transport innovation

1759- 1830 2200 miles of canals in England. 1807, American Fulton invented the steamboat,1810/year, and Britain began to imitate it. In terms of land transportation, Britain began to use railway tracks in 1765, and set up iron bridges in 1788. 18 14 Stephenson invented the steam locomotive 1825, which was successfully tested on the first British railway. 1844, the British railway has reached 2235 miles.

The above example is a typical scientific and technological revolution, and it is also the beginning of the scientific and technological revolution ... Before that, due to the limitation of productivity, the social economy remained in the primary state of mainly yeoman farmers and relatively unorganized, small-scale and few manual workshops ... The emergence of hydraulic spinning machines and steam engines has greatly improved the efficiency of production and transportation, and involved all aspects of social production. According to the principle of survival of the fittest and maximization of interests, factories and farms with machines as the main productive forces are booming ... In the competition between machines and manpower and semi-manpower, a large number of yeomen and handicraft workshops with backward productive forces are unemployed, and the land on which they depend and the original means of production with competitiveness close to zero are lost ... Feudal owners are able to make a comprehensive transition to capitalists and engage in enclosure movement, and more and more farmers and craftsmen flock to factories and farms ... So, more and more industrial clusters are formed.

From then on, from the feudal landlord's land rent-type yeoman and the primary manual workshop-type feudal economy to the capitalist market economy, it was completely transformed. ......