The national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" outlines efforts to increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution; We must comprehensively push forward reforms in all fields with greater determination and courage.
It is considered that the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period is a crucial period for building a well-off society in an all-round way, deepening reform and opening up and accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. It is of great significance to deeply understand and accurately grasp the new changes and new characteristics of the domestic and international situation and scientifically formulate the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for continuing to seize and make good use of the important strategic opportunity period of China's development, promoting long-term stable and rapid economic development, winning new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way and advancing the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Considering the future development trend and conditions, the main goals of economic and social development in the next five years are put forward: steady and rapid economic development, significant progress in strategic adjustment of economic structure, rapid increase in income of urban and rural residents, obvious strengthening of social construction, deepening of reform and opening up, substantial progress in the transformation of China's economic development mode, and significant improvement in comprehensive national strength. International competitiveness and anti-risk ability, people's material and cultural life has improved significantly, and the foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way has become more solid.
We must adhere to the strategy of expanding domestic demand, maintain steady and rapid economic development, strengthen and improve macro-control, establish a long-term mechanism to expand consumer demand, adjust and optimize the investment structure, and accelerate the formation of a new situation in which consumption, investment and exports coordinate to promote economic growth. It is necessary to promote agricultural modernization, accelerate the construction of a new socialist countryside, coordinate urban and rural development, accelerate the development of modern agriculture, strengthen rural infrastructure construction and public services, broaden channels for farmers to increase their income, improve rural development systems and mechanisms, and build a beautiful home for farmers to live happily. It is necessary to develop the modern industrial system, improve the core competitiveness of the industry, transform and upgrade the manufacturing industry, foster the development of strategic emerging industries, accelerate the development of service industries, strengthen the construction of modern energy industries and comprehensive transportation systems, comprehensively improve the level of informationization, and develop the marine economy. It is necessary to promote regional coordinated development, actively and steadily promote urbanization, implement the overall strategy of regional development, implement the strategy of main functional areas, improve the layout and form of urbanization, strengthen urbanization management, increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas, and build a regional development pattern with complementary regional economic advantages, clear orientation of main functions, efficient use of land space and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, improve the level of ecological civilization, actively respond to global climate change, vigorously develop circular economy, strengthen resource conservation and management, increase environmental protection, strengthen the construction of ecological protection and disaster prevention and mitigation systems, and enhance the ability of sustainable development. It is necessary to thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, accelerate the construction of an innovative country, enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the reform and development of education, and strengthen the country through talents, so as to lay a solid foundation of science, technology and human resources for accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and realizing the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
To protect and improve people's livelihood, we should gradually improve the basic public service system that conforms to the national conditions, is relatively perfect, covers urban and rural areas and is sustainable, improve the government's guarantee ability, and promote the equalization of basic public services. It is necessary to strengthen social construction, establish and improve the basic public service system, promote employment, build a harmonious labor relationship, rationally adjust the income distribution relationship, strive to increase the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution and the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, improve the social security system covering urban and rural residents, accelerate the reform and development of medical and health undertakings, do a good job in population work in an all-round way, strengthen and innovate social management, correctly handle contradictions among the people, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability.
Culture is the spirit and soul of a nation and a powerful force for national development and revitalization. It is necessary to promote the great development and prosperity of culture, enhance the soft power of the country's culture, adhere to the direction of advanced socialist culture, improve the quality of the whole nation's civilization, promote cultural innovation, deepen the reform of the cultural system, enhance the vitality of cultural development, prosper and develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries, meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people, basically build a public cultural service system, promote cultural industries to become pillar industries of the national economy, and give full play to the functions of culture in guiding society, educating people and promoting development.
Reform is a powerful driving force for accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. We must comprehensively promote reforms in all fields with greater determination and courage, vigorously promote economic system reform, actively and steadily promote political system reform, and accelerate cultural system and social system reform, so that the superstructure can better adapt to the development and changes of the economic base and provide a strong guarantee for scientific development. We must adhere to and improve the basic economic system, promote the reform of administrative system, accelerate the reform of fiscal and taxation system, deepen the reform of financial system, deepen the reform of resource product prices and factor markets, and accelerate the reform of social institutions. We should implement the win-win strategy of opening up, further improve the level of opening up, optimize the structure of foreign trade, improve the level of utilizing foreign capital, accelerate the implementation of the "going out" strategy, actively participate in global economic governance and regional cooperation, promote development, reform and innovation through opening up, and actively create new advantages in participating in international economic cooperation and competition.
difficulty
The agricultural foundation is weak and food security is facing challenges. China has a large population and little land, and the per capita arable land is less than 40% of the world average. The contradiction between farmland protection and rapid industrialization and urbanization is increasingly prominent. The farmland infrastructure is poor, and some farmland water conservancy projects are in serious disrepair. The intact rate of key projects in 434 large-scale irrigation areas in China is less than 50%. Agricultural science and technology are underdeveloped, and the proportion of low-and medium-yield fields is significant. In the future, with the continuous increase of population and the improvement of living standards, feed and industrial grain will increase significantly, grain demand will continue to increase rigidly, and the gap between production and demand will continue to increase. However, the adjustment space of surplus and shortage in the international market is quite limited, and the food security situation in China is not optimistic.
The economic structure is unbalanced and the industrial structure is unreasonable. China's long-term accumulated economic structural contradictions are outstanding. First, the imbalance between domestic demand and external demand, investment and consumption. In recent years, China's economic dependence on foreign countries has been rising, and its economic growth is highly dependent on the international market. At the same time, economic growth is too dependent on investment. From 2006 to 2009, the contribution rate of investment to economic growth was above 40%. Second, the development of urban and rural areas and regions is unbalanced. In 2009, the income ratio of urban and rural residents in China was 3.33∶ 1, and the per capita GDP ratio of the eastern region and the central and western regions was 2.2∶ 1. Third, the industrial structure is unreasonable. In 2009, China's service industry accounted for 43.4% of GDP, while the proportion of service industry in middle-income countries and high-income countries exceeded 50% and 70% respectively. At the same time, a large number of manufacturing enterprises in China are mainly engaged in low-end labor-intensive processing and manufacturing, and the overall quality of manufacturing industry is not high.
The ability of scientific and technological innovation is not strong and the industrial competitiveness is weak. In 2009, the number of invention patent applications and authorizations in China only accounted for 23.5% of all patent applications and authorizations,11.2%; Among the industrial enterprises above designated size, only 8.5% have R&D activities, and the internal expenditure of R&D funds only accounts for 0.69% of the main business income. The weak ability of scientific and technological innovation restricts the improvement of China's industrial competitiveness. The total output value of high-tech industries above designated size in China only accounts for about 10% of the manufacturing industry, and key technologies and products of some important industries still rely on imports. In the export technology and products, the proportion of independent intellectual property rights and independent brands is less than 10%. The lack of scientific and technological innovation ability puts China at a disadvantage in the increasingly fierce international economic and technological competition.
Excessive consumption of resources has increased the pressure on the ecological environment. In 2009, China's GDP accounted for 8.5% of the world, and coal, steel and oil accounted for 46.9%, 46.4% and 10.4% respectively. The high consumption of production is accompanied by high-intensity pollutant discharge. The discharge of major pollutants in China is much higher than the world average, surface water pollution is still serious, lake eutrophication is prominent, and acid rain occurs frequently. With the increasing constraints of resources and environment, the traditional development mode characterized by high resource consumption, high emission and high pollution is becoming increasingly unsustainable.
Social problems such as employment, income distribution and social security are prominent, and various social contradictions have entered a prominent period. China is in the accelerated stage of system transition and social transformation, with major changes in economic and social structure, differentiation of interest subjects and increasing social contradictions and problems. The pressure of labor supply exceeding demand is still great, and the structural contradiction of employment is obvious. The income distribution system is unreasonable, the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution is low, the income gap of social members is too large, and the income gap between urban and rural areas, regions and industries tends to widen. The social security system is not perfect, and there are some problems such as narrow coverage, unbalanced development between urban and rural areas and low level of security. In addition, outstanding problems in the fields of land acquisition and demolition, environmental pollution, education, medical care, housing, and safety in production also need to be solved urgently, and it is more difficult to solve various problems and contradictions.
There are many institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict scientific development. Although China's socialist market economic system has been initially established, it still faces many institutional and institutional obstacles, such as inadequate transformation of government functions, excessive administrative examination and approval, and social management and public services not meeting social needs. The price formation mechanism of resource factors and environmental protection charging mechanism reflecting the relationship between market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental damage cost have not yet been established; The fiscal and taxation structure system is not reasonable, the proportion of people's livelihood and public service expenditure is low, and the financial resources and powers of the central and local governments do not match; Rural financial development and SME financing still face institutional and institutional obstacles; The urban-rural dual system still exists, and the household registration system needs to be further improved; The reform of income distribution system lags behind, and the reform of state-owned enterprises and monopoly industries needs to be further promoted; Wait a minute.