2.1 hazardous waste reduction is applicable to any process that produces hazardous waste. Governments at all levels should adopt economic and other policy measures to promote cleaner production of enterprises and prevent and reduce the generation of hazardous wastes. Enterprises should actively adopt low-waste, low-waste and non-waste processes, and prohibit the use of technologies, processes and equipment explicitly eliminated in the Catalogue for Eliminating Backward Production Capacity, Processes and Products.
2.2 hazardous waste that has been generated must be declared and registered in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and special facilities and places that meet the standards must be built to properly preserve and set up hazardous waste nameplates, and the hazardous waste can be disposed of by itself according to the relevant provisions or be collected, transported, stored, treated and disposed by units holding hazardous waste business licenses. In the process of treatment and disposal, measures should be taken to reduce the volume, weight and degree of danger of hazardous waste.
3. Hazardous wastes can only be removed after being treated and purified by core filter. 3.1 Hazardous wastes should be collected in special containers that meet national standards according to their components.
3.2 containers for transporting hazardous wastes should be designed according to the different characteristics of hazardous wastes, which are not easy to be damaged, deformed and aged, and can effectively prevent leakage and diffusion. The container containing hazardous waste must be labeled, and the name, weight, composition and characteristics of hazardous waste, as well as emergency measures and remedial methods in case of leakage and diffusion pollution accidents, shall be clearly indicated on the label.
3.3 hazardous wastes (such as waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, etc.) generated by residents' living, office and tertiary industry should be collected separately from domestic garbage, so as to improve their recycling and harmless treatment and disposal, and gradually establish and improve the recycling network of social hazardous wastes.
3.4 encourage the development of a safe and efficient hazardous waste transportation system, encourage the development of various forms of special vehicles, require safe and reliable transportation of hazardous waste, and transport hazardous waste in strict accordance with the management regulations on hazardous waste transportation to reduce secondary pollution and possible environmental risks during transportation. 3.5 Encourage the establishment of specialized hazardous waste transportation companies to carry out specialized transportation of hazardous wastes, and transport vehicles shall have special signs. 4.1 The transboundary movement of hazardous wastes shall comply with the requirements of Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, and the domestic movement of hazardous wastes shall comply with the Management Measures of Joint List of Hazardous Wastes and other relevant regulations.
4.2 environmental protection administrative departments at all levels should effectively control the flow of hazardous wastes in accordance with the management measures for hazardous waste transfer formulated by the state and local governments, and prohibit the discharge of hazardous wastes into the environment during the transfer process. 5.1 The generated hazardous waste should be recycled first to reduce the load of subsequent treatment and disposal. The recycling process should meet the requirements of relevant national and local regulations to avoid secondary pollution.
5.2 hazardous wastes generated in the production process should be actively recycled in the production system. Hazardous wastes that cannot be recycled in the production system can be recycled through measures such as hazardous waste exchange, material transformation, reprocessing and energy transformation outside the system.
5.3 governments at all levels should encourage enterprises to recycle the generated hazardous waste by setting up special funds, government subsidies and other economic policies and measures to realize the recycling of hazardous waste.
5.4 the state encourages the research and development of hazardous waste recycling technology, gradually improves the level of hazardous waste recycling technology and equipment, and actively promotes mature and economical hazardous waste recycling technology. 6.1 If the generated hazardous waste cannot be recycled or treated temporarily, the generating unit shall build special hazardous waste storage facilities for storage, set up hazardous waste signs, or entrust a unit with special hazardous waste storage facilities for storage, and the storage period shall not exceed the national regulations. Units that store hazardous wastes shall have corresponding licenses. It is forbidden to transfer hazardous waste to unlicensed units in any form or to non-hazardous waste storage facilities. Hazardous waste storage facilities should have corresponding supporting facilities and be managed according to relevant regulations.
6.2 storage facilities for hazardous wastes shall meet the following requirements:
6.2.1 Skirt feet shall be built to stop leakage, and the ground and skirt feet shall be made of solid and impervious materials. There should be isolation facilities, alarm devices and wind, sun and rain protection facilities;
6.2.2 If the foundation seepage control layer is a clay layer, its thickness should be more than 1m, and its permeability coefficient should be less than 1.1-7cm/s; The foundation impervious layer can also be composed of high-density polyethylene or other artificial impervious materials with a thickness of more than 2 mm, and the permeability coefficient should be less than 1.1-1 cm/s; 6.2.3 There must be a leakage liquid collection device, a gas outlet and a gas purification device;
6.2.4 where liquid and semi-solid hazardous wastes are stored, there must be a corrosion-resistant hardened floor without cracks;
6.2.5 incompatible hazardous waste stacking areas must be isolated;
6.2.6 leachate collection and removal system, runoff diversion system and rainwater collection pool shall be built on the liner.
6.2.7 places where inflammable and explosive hazardous wastes are stored should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment, and places where highly toxic hazardous wastes are stored must be watched by special personnel for 24 hours.
6.3 the site selection and design, operation and management, safety protection, environmental monitoring and emergency measures, and closure of hazardous waste storage facilities shall comply with the provisions of the pollution control standard for hazardous waste storage. 7.1 Hazardous waste incineration can realize the reduction and harmlessness of hazardous waste, and the remaining heat can be recycled. Incineration is suitable for hazardous waste with certain calorific value, which is not suitable for recycling its useful components. Explosive waste should not be incinerated. The construction, operation and pollution control management of incineration facilities should follow the Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration and other relevant regulations.
7.2 The incineration of hazardous waste shall meet the following requirements:
7.2.1 Before incineration of hazardous waste, pretreatment or special treatment must be carried out to meet the requirements of entering the furnace, and the hazardous waste shall burn evenly and completely in the furnace;
7.2.2 The incinerator temperature should be above 11C, the flue gas residence time should be above 2. seconds, the combustion efficiency should be greater than 99.9%, the incineration removal rate should be greater than 99.99%, and the ignition loss rate of incineration residue should be less than 5% (except hospital clinical wastes and PCB-containing wastes);
7.2.3 Incineration facilities must have pretreatment system, tail gas purification system, alarm system and emergency treatment device.
7.2.4 The residue generated by hazardous waste incineration and the fly ash generated during flue gas treatment shall be safely landfilled as hazardous waste.
7.3 The incineration technology based on rotary kiln should be adopted for hazardous waste. Other different kiln types can be selected according to the types and characteristics of hazardous waste, and the rotary kiln for producing cement should be encouraged to be reformed and used to burn hazardous waste.
7.4 encourage the utilization of waste heat from hazardous waste incineration. For large-scale hazardous waste incineration facilities, cogeneration can be implemented.
7.5 hospital clinical wastes, PCB-containing wastes and other special hazardous wastes which are infectious, highly toxic or contain persistent organic pollutants should be incinerated in special incineration facilities. 8.1 Safe landfill disposal of hazardous wastes is applicable to hazardous wastes whose components and energy cannot be recycled.
8.2 untreated hazardous waste shall not be mixed into domestic waste landfill, and safe landfill is the final disposal means of hazardous waste.
8.3 hazardous waste safety landfill must receive hazardous waste according to the admission requirements and the scope specified in the business license. If it fails to meet the admission requirements, it must be pretreated and meet the landfill admission requirements.
8.4 The hazardous waste safety landfill must meet the following requirements:
8.4.1 There is an impervious layer that meets the requirements, and no secondary pollution is allowed.
when the saturated permeability coefficient of the natural foundation layer is less than 1.1-7cm/s and the thickness is more than 5m, the natural foundation layer can be directly used as the impervious layer; When the saturated permeability coefficient of natural foundation layer is 1.1-7-1.1-6 cm/s, composite liner can be selected as impervious layer, and the thickness of high-density polyethylene should not be less than 1.5 mm; When the saturated permeability coefficient of natural foundation layer is greater than 1.1-6 cm/s, double synthetic lining (high-density polyethylene) must be used as the impervious layer, with the upper layer thickness above 2. mm and the lower layer thickness above 1. mm..
8.4.2 carry out unit operation in strict accordance with the operation procedures, and do a good job of compaction and covering;
8.4.3 it is necessary to separate the clean water and sewage, reduce the amount of leachate, and set up leachate drainage facilities and treatment facilities. A certain number of exhaust holes, gas collection systems, purification systems and alarm systems should be set up for hazardous waste landfills that are prone to generate gas;
8.4.4 The landfill operation management unit shall monitor the groundwater, surface water and atmosphere of the landfill regularly by itself or by entrusting other units;
8.4.5 After the landfill site is closed, it should be closed for effective coverage and ecological environment restoration;
8.4.6 after the landfill is closed, the land can be properly developed and utilized for non-agriculture only after monitoring, demonstration and examination and approval by relevant departments.
8.5 hazardous waste landfill must meet the provisions of the pollution control standard for hazardous waste landfill. 9.1 hospital clinical waste (excluding radioactive waste)
9.1.1 Encourage the classified collection of hospital clinical waste and treat it separately. Human tissues and organs, blood products, fabrics contaminated with blood and body fluids, clinical wastes from infectious hospitals, patients' domestic garbage and mixed hospital clinical wastes should be disposed of by building special incineration facilities, which should meet the requirements of Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration.
9.1.2 cities should build centralized disposal facilities to collect and dispose of clinical wastes from hospitals in cities and areas where cities are located.
9.1.3 recycling of disposable medical instruments and dressings is prohibited.
9.2 PCB-containing wastes
9.2.1 PCB-containing wastes should be concentrated in special incineration facilities for disposal as soon as possible, and it is not appropriate to use other means for disposal. The special incineration facilities should meet the requirements of the National Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration.
9.2.2 The management, storage and disposal of PCB-containing wastes shall also comply with the Provisions on Prevention of Environmental Pollution from PCB-containing Electrical Devices and Their Wastes.
9.2.3 waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls that have been centrally sealed for more than 2 years or less but have caused environmental pollution should be incinerated within a time limit.
9.2.4 In principle, newly decommissioned PCB-containing power devices must be incinerated, and temporary storage can be carried out if it is really difficult, but the storage period should not exceed three years. The site selection and design of temporary storage and centralized storage must meet the requirements of Design Specification for PCB-containing Waste Temporary Storage and Centralized Storage, and the construction of centralized storage must be evaluated for environmental impact.
9.2.5 The inventory of hazardous wastes containing PCBs and the management of storage facilities should be strengthened, and the disposal process of hazardous wastes containing PCBs should be tracked and managed.
9.3 Fly Ash from Domestic Waste Incineration
9.3.1 Fly ash generated from domestic waste incineration must be collected separately, and shall not be mixed with other wastes such as domestic waste, incineration residue and other hazardous wastes.
9.3.2 The fly ash from domestic waste incineration shall not be stored for a long time, treated simply or discharged at the place where it is produced. The fly ash from domestic waste incineration must be solidified and stabilized before it can be transported at the place where it is produced. The transportation requires special means of transportation, and the means of transportation must be sealed.
9.3.3 Fly ash from domestic waste incineration must be safely landfilled.
9.4 Waste batteries
9.4.1 National and local governments at all levels should formulate technical and economic policies to eliminate batteries containing mercury and cadmium. Production enterprises should adjust the product structure in accordance with national laws and industrial policies, and eliminate batteries containing mercury and cadmium on schedule.
9.4.2 before the batteries containing mercury and cadmium are eliminated, the municipal solid waste treatment unit shall establish classified collection, storage and treatment facilities to effectively manage the waste batteries.
9.4.3 advocate the classified collection of waste batteries, so as to avoid the waste batteries containing mercury and cadmium from being mixed into domestic waste incineration facilities.
9.4.4 Waste lead-acid batteries must be recycled and cannot be disposed of by other methods, and their collection and transportation must be included in hazardous waste management. Encourage the development of recycling of waste lead-acid batteries with an annual treatment scale of more than 2, tons, eliminate small-scale lead recycling enterprises, and encourage the use of wet lead recycling production processes.
9.5 Waste mineral oil
9.5.1 Encourage the establishment of a waste mineral oil collection system, and prohibit throwing, burying or pouring waste mineral oil into sewers at will and using it as building demoulding oil, and prohibit the continuous use of sulfuric acid/clay method to regenerate waste mineral oil.
9.5.2 the management of waste mineral oil should follow the technical guidelines for the recovery and recycling of waste lubricating oil and other relevant regulations, encourage the use of acid-free waste oil recycling technology, adopt new oil-water separation facilities or active enzymes to recycle waste oil, and encourage key cities to build regional waste mineral oil recovery facilities to provide services for waste mineral oil producers in their regions.
9.6 Waste fluorescent tubes
9.6.1 Governments at all levels should formulate technical and economic policies to adjust product mix, eliminate high-pollution fluorescent tubes, and encourage the establishment of a collection system and financial mechanism for waste fluorescent tubes.
9.6.2 strengthen the management of generation, collection, treatment and disposal of waste fluorescent tubes, encourage key cities to build regional recycling facilities for waste fluorescent tubes, and provide services for recycling of waste fluorescent tubes in this region. 1.1 Encourage research, development and introduction of efficient hazardous waste collection and transportation technologies and equipment.
1.2 encourage research, development and introduction of efficient and practical technologies and equipment for recycling hazardous wastes, including hazardous waste sorting and crushing equipment, heat treatment equipment, large hazardous waste treatment and utilization equipment and social hazardous waste treatment and utilization equipment.
1.3 accelerate the development and localization of special monitoring instruments and equipment for hazardous waste treatment, including on-line flue gas testing instruments for incineration facilities.
1.4 encourage research and development of efficient and practical complete sets of hazardous waste incineration technology and equipment, including hazardous waste incineration technology, hazardous waste incineration pollution control technology and hazardous waste incineration waste heat recovery and utilization technology.
1.5 encourage research and development of efficient and practical key technologies and equipment for safe landfill treatment, including new landfill impervious lining and covering materials, special landfill machines and tools, leachate treatment technology for hazardous waste landfill sites and site closure technology for hazardous waste landfill sites.
1.6 encourage research and development of hazardous waste identification technology and equipment, and encourage research on hazardous waste management technology and methods.
1.7 encourage research and development of technologies for the treatment, disposal and recycling of waste batteries and waste fluorescent tubes.