At present, the state has issued a series of preferential policies to encourage college students to start their own businesses. However, during the interview, the reporter found that the road to entrepreneurship for college students is extremely difficult. In addition to the limitations of college students' own conditions, it is more due to the lack of an orderly entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurship among college students has become a “cold” choice among the current “hot” employment options. The success of a few and the failure of the majority show that there is still a long way to go for college students to start their own businesses. The environment for college students to start their own businesses requires urgent attention. Zhao Mingchen, a 23-year-old young man, when his name first appeared in major When he appeared in the media, he was still a college student. His current identity is the general manager of an "80s" themed restaurant. On June 26, 2004, the School of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University held a public bidding for the management rights of a campus restaurant. Zhao Mingchen, a student of the school who was about to graduate, and seven of his classmates jointly participated in the bidding. In the competition among self-employed individuals, Zhao Mingchen finally won the right to operate the restaurant by virtue of his cultural concept. His entrepreneurial move became a highlight among the 2.8 million college graduates who walked out of school with him at that time, and became a highlight for college students to start their own businesses.
The trial operation started on September 20 last year, and the restaurant officially opened on October 26. Zhao Mingchen said: "If there is an adjective for this journey, it should be difficult. If you add another in front of this adjective, Adjective, it is extremely difficult. ”
Choice means taking responsibility
Regarding choosing to start a business independently, Zhao Mingchen believes that direct employment is more passive and basically takes orders from others and makes decisions. Many things may not be your most original ideas, but starting a business will directly express what is in your heart, because no one will influence your thoughts at that time, and you will seize the best opportunity to express yourself.
It is understood that Zhao Mingchen, who graduated from the Department of Journalism and Communication, once found a job with a monthly salary of 6,000 yuan in an advertising company with his outstanding advertising creativity, but he chose to run his own restaurant.
Teacher Zheng Wei from the Department of Journalism and Communication, School of Applied Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University, told reporters: "That restaurant used to be a roast duck restaurant, which was contracted by outsiders. Later, we didn't want to do it. Students from our school often When I went to eat there, I was very attached to the restaurant and hoped to continue to run the restaurant. After hearing the news, Zhao Mingchen stood up. He is usually more financially minded and willing to make some attempts in business and is interested in corporate relations. I am particularly interested in courses in advertising and advertising.”
Tang Xiaoheng, deputy dean of the School of Applied Arts and Sciences at Beijing Union University, participated in the bidding for the restaurant in the 1980s. He pointed out that entrepreneurship and employment are not issues on the same level. , although it belongs to employment, it goes deeper than employment. Entrepreneurship actually bears a social responsibility, and it is necessary to explore how to solve the problem of self-development while solving employment.
"Solving the problem of self-employment by college students must go through a difficult stage. We are also trying. There are also various discussions in the society. Some people in the industry believe that on-campus restaurants should still find experienced people. Let's do it. From a long-term perspective, some students may consider starting a business after two or three years of working, and some may want to start a business as soon as they graduate. Although the proportion of these people is small, this is the development of society after all. It is a normal demand. To support a few people who dare to come out and take on some social responsibilities, no matter what the final result is, it will be a rare experience for students as long as they have the courage to face it. Therefore, as long as they have the basics. If the conditions are met, providing appropriate opportunities to support students to start their own businesses is also a reflection of the school’s educational function,” Tang Xiaoheng told reporters.
Preferential policies are difficult to reflect
“Going through various procedures is the most troublesome. Various departments are aware of the preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses in some countries, but there is no specific implementation plan. It can be used as a reference, so everything was handled according to the formal procedures.” Zheng Wei said with emotion, “The most difficult thing is to go to the Health Bureau to apply for a health license. It must go through strict review and then ask someone from the Health Bureau to complete the decoration. It seems that those who failed had to re-do it, and it took more than two months to complete it. In addition, it took more than three months to basically complete the procedures for industry and commerce, taxation, etc.
”
In an interview with a certain media, Zhao Mingchen said helplessly, for example, our own majors are not suitable, we do not understand many things, and there may be many mistakes. We initially thought that the process of applying for a license would be more complicated. But we didn't expect it to be as complicated as when we actually applied for it, and it took quite a long time. In the process of applying for various certificates, we haven't felt that any of them are targeted at college students.
There are preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, but they have not been felt in reality. Zhao Mingchen in front of the camera inadvertently expressed a little complaint, but then he firmly stated that he had learned to face the reality calmly.
< p> The reporter learned from some channels that the government has indeed proposed some support policies to support college students' entrepreneurship, but some of them are difficult to operate and some have changed during the implementation process, especially in the business field, financing channels and taxation Regarding discounts and other key issues related to college students' entrepreneurship, college students who start their own businesses do not enjoy real support.According to relevant media surveys, more than 90% of businesses founded by college students started with private loans. , 65.3% of entrepreneurs think it is difficult to get loans from banks when they are short of entrepreneurial funds. Some institutions have specially set up small entrepreneurial loans for laid-off and unemployed people to start their own businesses. The procedures are simple and the threshold is low, but there are institutions that provide small loans for college students to start their own businesses. Basically not.
A student from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics who graduated in 2001 and founded a company told reporters that the national policy will definitely promote the entrepreneurship of college students, but one of them is related to providing small loans for student startups. The content of the guarantee is of little significance, because banks are unwilling to lend money to companies with large risks and weak repayment capabilities such as those started by students.
Systematic entrepreneurship education needs to be strengthened
Many college students said in surveys that the most difficult thing about starting a business is not capital, but the lack of knowledge, skills and information. They hope that schools can systematically offer some entrepreneurship courses so that college students can learn professional knowledge well. While developing skills, actively participate in various social practices, obtain market information, and expand your social circle.
It is necessary to carry out entrepreneurship education in schools. Entrepreneurship training only sows seeds in the hearts of students. The seeds of entrepreneurship, if students can receive education in this area on campus, and guide college students to consider entrepreneurship as a way of future employment, and prepare as early as possible, will be more conducive to college students' future entrepreneurship.
During the investigation, the reporter found that some university teachers believe that graduates usually start their own businesses because they cannot find a job. The person in charge of the employment guidance center of a key university said: “The supply of graduates from our school exceeds the demand, so there is no need to start a business. The school’s attitude towards entrepreneurship is neither encouraging nor opposing, but should provide appropriate guidance. "It is understood that Tsinghua University and Peking University have lectures and activities related to self-employment, but they do not offer courses on self-employment.
Tang Xiaoheng said that courses on entrepreneurship for college students should be offered in some schools with relatively mature conditions. , teaching college students to familiarize themselves with the procedures for obtaining business qualifications and the channels for raising funds, understand business experience and principles, and prevent illegal operations. This is a very good education method that enables higher education to be closely integrated with regional economic and social development. Through learning, students have a basic understanding and will gradually think about these issues, which encourages some students who are risk-aware and willing to take on heavy responsibilities to come into contact with these aspects earlier, and guide them to avoid detours, otherwise some unnecessary setbacks will stifle students.
It seems that while colleges and universities attach great importance to career guidance, they should also pay attention to entrepreneurship education. In addition to holding periodic and local entrepreneurship competitions, they must also find ways to introduce entrepreneurship education by themselves. It is difficult to cultivate students' self-employment awareness and practice, and it is difficult to form a scale and climate for college students' self-employment. In India, colleges and universities attach great importance to training students' self-entrepreneurship awareness and entrepreneurial spirit, and their educational content covers all aspects of enterprises, such as Product design technology, quality management, sales, financing, interpersonal relationships, business regulations and relevant government laws and regulations are worthy of our reference to systematically cultivate the basic knowledge and skills for self-employment in most students.
Longing for the care of the whole society
When college student entrepreneurs move forward with passion and dreams, they also long for the support and help of the whole society. The current social environment also makes it difficult for college students to start a business. Compared with the more mature market environment in Europe and the United States, Chinese entrepreneurs have a heavier burden on their shoulders. Society is in a period of transformation, and the various services needed to start a business are not yet complete. It is unrealistic for a young man in his 20s to consider the problems faced by an entrepreneur in his 40s. The cruelty of the shopping mall will not forgive you for your mistakes just because you are young.
Teacher Zheng Wei, who is familiar with Zhao Mingchen, said that Zhao Mingchen’s family, relatives and friends came together and helped a lot. After the media reported it, many enthusiastic people in society provided help, including some restaurant owners. , invited Zhao Mingchen to his restaurant to introduce some very useful experiences. Of course, there are also some scammers who come to the door and propose some fake cooperation methods, but they are basically seen through.
Zhao Mingchen is relatively lucky. It is reported that during the two months of restaurant renovation, the College of Applied Arts and Sciences waived water, electricity and rent charges until the official opening; the college leaders are also very concerned. Those who need to order lunch for some college activities will go to Zhao Mingchen's restaurant to order; as for teachers and students, they often go there to support them; and Zhao Mingchen is a Beijinger, so the problem of household registration does not exist. A person in charge of the talent market told reporters that for non-local university graduates studying in Beijing, if they choose to start a business, there are currently no relevant policies and specific measures to solve problems such as their household registration and files, and there is currently no specific solution for them. Departments or institutions that provide consulting and services to college student entrepreneurs.
“College students’ self-employment has its own characteristics. The level of cultural knowledge and technical content are relatively high, but its weaknesses are also obvious, that is, the understanding of society is far from enough. From a relatively pure campus It is obviously not suitable for them to directly participate in the fierce and cruel market competition. "Zheng Wei believes that there should be a transition period. During this transition period, with the support of the whole society, the state ensures that college students transition smoothly into a social person. , This is conducive to the formation of healthy competition in the social market and the emergence of high-level talents.
When the reporter came to the "80s" theme restaurant again on January 5, 2005, the door was locked and a sign stood there alone, which read "Winter vacation is coming, our restaurant will Let’s take a break with the College of Arts and Sciences and enter the holiday break. We will resume business when the spring flowers bloom. I wish all teachers, classmates, new and old friends a happy holiday and good health.”
Zheng Wei told reporters that because of the positioning of the restaurant. It is mainly for students and teachers from the College of Applied Arts and Sciences, as well as nearby residents. Therefore, students are currently on vacation. The restaurant also takes this opportunity to take a break and summarize the operating conditions of the previous period, including the kitchen, purchase channels, and operations. There will be adjustments to the concept, and there should be a new look when it opens again.
It seems that the most difficult days are slowly passing. No matter how many difficulties and pressures there are, this group of college students born in the 1980s will continue to follow this path, because this It's their choice.
As Tang Xiaoheng said, what we expect is that through such an entrepreneurial activity with practical significance, we can promote the thinking of college students' entrepreneurship, improve the entrepreneurial environment, and effectively implement government policies.
Link to comparison of college student entrepreneurship in China and the United States
Entrepreneurship plans, also known as "business plans", are the product of the rise of high-tech and venture capital. Business plan competitions have a long history in American universities. Since the first business plan competition was held by the University of Texas at Austin in 1983, more than 20 universities in the United States, including world-class universities such as MIT and Stanford University, have held it every year. This competition.
Yahoo, Excite, Netscape and other companies were born in the entrepreneurial atmosphere of Stanford campus. MIT’s “$50,000 Business Plan Competition” has a history of more than 10 years and has a huge impact. From 1990 to now, five or six new companies have been born every year, and a considerable number of "projects" have been purchased by nearby high-tech companies for millions of dollars.
Some of these companies directly incubated by the "Entrepreneurship Plan" have grown into large companies with annual sales of billions of dollars in just a few years. Groups of entrepreneurs have been trained and grown in the competition. Venture capitalists flock to college campuses in search of future technology leaders. In a sense, business plan competitions in colleges and universities have become one of the direct driving forces of the American economy in the era of knowledge economy.
You may have some inspiration from the comparison of college student entrepreneurship between China and the United States. In terms of investment methods, as college students, they do not have a strong material foundation and limited funds. They can only use intangible assets such as patents, professional technologies or high-tech achievements to invest. Most entrepreneurs are transformed from technical personnel to managers and operators. This is the most common feature of college student entrepreneurship in both countries. The social environment for entrepreneurship is also very similar. From the government to society, universities and the media, both countries support and encourage college students to participate in social practice and start their own businesses.
The first difference between college student entrepreneurship in the two countries is the different starting times of entrepreneurship. The college student entrepreneurship craze originated from the American College Student Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, which, as mentioned above, started in 1983. According to statistics, 46% of the 50 best-performing high-tech companies in the United States came from the MIT Entrepreneurship Plan Competition; in China, in May 1998, Tsinghua University held the first College Student Entrepreneurship Plan Competition. In terms of support, the Chinese government has introduced policies, and the society and schools have provided some help for students to start their own businesses, such as management consulting and business training. However, the relevant departments in the United States only create an atmosphere and environment, and the student companies have been fully established since the day they were established. Accept the test of the market. There are also big differences between the two countries in absorbing venture capital. The United States is the most developed country in venture capital in the world. It has a mature capital market, sufficient venture capital funds, a developed information service industry, and various consulting service agencies. Therefore, most of the entrepreneurial plans of American college students are feasible and have good market prospects. It is easy to get venture capital and the company develops quickly. At present, my country's capital market is lagging behind, venture capital is in its infancy, the secondary market is still in the making, and financing is quite difficult. Due to lack of funds and time, college students have difficulty putting many excellent entrepreneurial plans into practice. (Chenxi) Comments on the lack of training in entrepreneurial choices. Judging from the current entrepreneurial project choices of college students, the technical content is low and does not reflect the technical advantages of college students. Most of those student “bosses” are engaged in catering, clothing, photography and other industries. In fact, the entrepreneurial industry they choose is just a piece of cake divided from an already mature market, and is not creating new social wealth. Colleges and universities should strengthen training on college students' entrepreneurial choices. (Shao Minglu, Chairman of Beijing Guanghua Management Training Center) Institutionalizing Entrepreneurship Education The subjective conditions for self-employment require individuals to have high quality. However, in reality, college graduates must have relevant knowledge about entrepreneurship, practical entrepreneurial experience, and appropriate psychology. Quality, strong innovation ability and necessary financial foundation are all relatively lacking. Therefore, colleges and universities should attach great importance to the education and training of self-employment for college students, so that it can be formalized and institutionalized in the curriculum. (Shen Jie, associate researcher at the Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) Entrepreneurship is a good thing. Parents should support it. I think entrepreneurship is definitely a good thing. It can exercise a person to the maximum extent and help grow. But the key point is that parents must support and assist. Some parents love vanity and are willing to let their children do relatively stable jobs. They simply cannot accept their children starting a business. They think it is a sign of no ability, no future, and no employer to accept them. This is This idea will definitely stifle students' enterprising spirit. Compared with undergraduates, it is more practical to choose entrepreneurship at the graduate level. First of all, graduate students do not have too much course pressure and have the energy to start a business; secondly, some graduate students have certain work experience and social experience, and have a relatively mature mentality; finally, during the graduate stage, tutors can provide students with suggestions and provide some conveniences. (Lu Yan, Director of the Student Employment Guidance Service Center of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) It is more appropriate to get a job first and then start a business. The knowledge that newly graduated college students have learned is limited to the classroom and lack of social experience. Under such circumstances, you can imagine the difficulties you will encounter when starting a business. There are also more difficulties than others. It is best to work in a relatively large-scale enterprise for a few years after graduation to accumulate the first pot of gold. At the same time, you can also learn the knowledge of large company management, finance and other aspects to lay the foundation for your own entrepreneurship. Only in this way will the chance of success be improved. high. The state must also effectively implement various preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, so as to encourage students to start their own businesses and expand employment channels.
(Ge Limei, Director of the Employment Guidance Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Voice: Self-employment is conducive to growth. When you start your own business, you need to run your own business carefully. You need to make very detailed and specific plans for every detail of the entire process and consider many aspects. I very much agree and encourage you to start your own business. As long as he or she has a little confidence in themselves and likes it, they can choose it. Self-employment should make a person grow faster, and the setbacks and successes will be capital in the future; the life of self-employment should be more fulfilling, with clearer goals and a greater sense of existence. (Liu Yixi graduated from Beijing Normal University and now works for a magazine) During the transitional period of entrepreneurship, I thought about starting my own business, but later due to various reasons, including funding issues, choice of entrepreneurial direction, parents’ opinions, etc., I always felt that I had just started my own business. It is not easy to start a business after graduation, and I have no experience. I know that there are some preferential policies, but I am not very clear about what they are. Self-employment by college students is a kind of exercise. Science and engineering students have relatively advantages, especially those who study technology, but there should be a transition stage. (Mr. Zhao graduated from Northeastern University and now works for a bank) Accumulating experience is very important. I know that some students in school start businesses through associations or other forms, such as helping people save computers, acting as an agent for cosmetics, wholesale fruits, etc., but most of them are It is a small operation with limited scale and relatively high risks. It is not a bad thing for them to accumulate experience through this way and start their own business after graduation. But after all, the big market is different from the small society in school. It requires a lot of preparation from personal knowledge to experience. I admire the courage and courage of entrepreneurial students. I think it is more feasible to work in a company for a period of time, understand the entire operation process, and have your own customer base or relationship network, and then go out alone. (Ms. Meng graduated from Peking University and now works for a public institution) Entrepreneurship is what society should promote. I feel that the environment for entrepreneurship is not very mature, and I studied law. From a professional perspective, it is not appropriate to start a business right after graduation. It seems that I have never heard of students majoring in this major starting a business right after graduation. My personal personality is not suitable for entrepreneurship. I think students who choose to start their own businesses should be people who are psychologically able to take risks, have a sense of pioneering and creativity, and have a certain financial foundation and interpersonal network. Some people choose to start a business when various conditions are not met. It is too blind. It would be better to start with a certain degree of confidence. However, I admire the graduates who choose to start their own businesses. This spirit of daring to venture out and dare to do it. It is what society should promote. (Liang Zhihong graduated from Renmin University of China and now works in a court) Opinion support: Yang Chenguang should be used wisely to start a business among college students and turn knowledge into capital! This is a loud slogan. But to the reporter's surprise, the preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses were basically rejected by those college students who actually started their own businesses. Some students told reporters that once we enter the market, we will act completely in accordance with market rules. As ordinary legal representatives, we will compete with others and we can no longer use our status as students as a protective umbrella.
The reporter learned that many grassroots administrative units are aware of the country’s preferential policies for college students’ entrepreneurship, but do not know how to operate these regulations. There are no relevant examples to learn from, which leads to the country’s restrictions on college students’ entrepreneurship. Preferential policies cannot be implemented. The society also has completely different views on the preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses. One believes that the country should have a venture capital mechanism directly targeted at college students and stimulate student entrepreneurship through the establishment of venture funds and other preferential policies; the other believes that the government should provide incentives for college students to start their own businesses. Entrepreneurship should not place too much emphasis on preferential policies. Entrepreneurship must ultimately withstand the test of the market.
For student companies that are based on knowledge and creativity to be on the right track and operate smoothly, they cannot do without the good investment environment of the society and the various good services required for entrepreneurship. Since 2002, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of Personnel and other ministries and commissions, as well as many local governments, have successively issued relevant policies to encourage and help college students to start their own businesses and find flexible employment. But nowadays it is still difficult for college students to start their own businesses. We should pay more attention to college students' entrepreneurship.
An important reason that affects college students’ self-employment is that society lacks necessary practical guidance for the “first step” taken by college graduates to start their own businesses. University graduates include graduates from various institutions and various majors. Graduates of majors related to economics and management have certain advantages over graduates of other majors who want to start their own businesses.
Graduates of non-economic management majors are relatively unfamiliar with the economic market. Although they have the desire and enthusiasm to start their own businesses as soon as they leave school, they will still be deterred by their lack of confidence in the face of fierce market competition. What college students learn is only book knowledge, and some are even pure concepts that cannot be directly used in market practice. It is really difficult to choose a project with investment and entrepreneurial prospects through independent inspection. Inadequate experience will bring high investment risks, and will also cool their willingness to start their own business, and they will eventually give up.
Encourage college graduates to start their own businesses to solve their employment problems. In addition to changing their employment concepts, it is more important to provide necessary practical guidance for their self-employment. The current social employment guidance institutions have deficiencies in aspects such as industry selection and market experience guidance adapted to entrepreneurial practice. Colleges and universities must regard entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial spirit as the basic goals of higher education. In order to facilitate the employment of graduates, higher education should mainly focus on cultivating Entrepreneurial skills and initiative should enable college graduates not only to become job seekers, but also to become job creators.
When the government encourages more graduates to start their own small businesses or cooperate with others to establish small workshops, factories and service departments that are needed locally, it may wish to select a few typical entrepreneurial cases as pilot projects, such as providing certain preferential land use rights, priority will be given to college students for equal contractors, etc. There are also some specific needs such as household registration, files and other issues that will be given full attention.
The guidance, support and protection of the government and society should run through the three stages of college students' entrepreneurship, and establish a "green channel" that effectively guides young people to start their own businesses and is conducive to cultivating entrepreneurial talents.
Hope it helps you`~