It is usually tied to a group of livestock or a motor vehicle towing it, and is also driven by human power. It is used to break up clods and plough out ditches to prepare for sowing. Ploughs mainly include share, disc plough and rotary plough. The earliest farmers used simple digging sticks or hoes to dig and cultivate farmland. After the farmland was dug, they scattered seeds in the field in the hope of a good harvest.
Early plows were made of Y-shaped wood segments, the lower branches were carved into sharp points, and the upper two branches were made into two handles. When the plow is tied to a rope and pulled by a cow, the plow tip will dig a narrow and shallow ditch in the soil. Farmers can use handles to drive plows. Around 970 BC, someone in Egypt created this painting with a simple sketch of a wooden plow pulled by a cow.
Compared with the first batch of plows made as early as 3500 BC, its design has not changed much. In the arid sandy land of Egypt and West Asia, this early plough can fully excavate and cultivate farmland and greatly increase crop yield. The increased food supply can fully meet the population growth, and cities in Egypt and Mesopotamia are also developing day by day.
By 3000 BC, farmers improved their plows, making sharp tips into sharp "shares" to dig the soil more effectively, and added a "bottom plate" to push the soil aside and tilt it. Cattle-drawn wooden plows are still used in many parts of the world, especially in light sand areas.
In northern Europe, early plows were more effective on light sandy soil than on wet and heavy soil. European farmers had to wait for the heavy metal plow 165438 introduced in the 0 th century AD.
Basic role:
A soil tillage machine with the main function of turning over soil and the functions of loosening and breaking soil. There are mainly plows, disc plows, rotary cultivators and other types. Ancient agricultural countries such as Egypt, China and Persia had primitive wooden plows drawn by cows three or four thousand years ago. European plowshare was founded in the 8th century. 1847, the disc plow was patented in the United States. 1896, Hungarians created the rotary tiller.
Ploughshare is the most widely used agricultural machinery in the world. Disc plough has strong ability to cut grass roots, but its covering performance is not as good as that of plough share. Under normal circumstances, the fineness and flatness of the soil plowed by plowshare and disc plough can not meet the requirements of sowing, so it is necessary to carry out harrowing and equal follow-up operations.
In addition, plowing with share and disc plow requires a lot of traction, and the maximum traction generated by tractor is limited by the adhesion performance of tire, so it can not give full play to its power. Since the end of 19, many countries and regions have been exploring new farming tools, and have created various soil tillage machines, such as rotary cultivators and rotary hoes.
Their outstanding advantage is that they can obtain very loose and fine seedbeds at one time, but their productivity is low and energy consumption is high, and their functions of stubble turning, weed turning and fertilizer turning are not as good as those of plows.