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Patent infringement has always been a difficult problem in the judicial practice of various countries, and as an important principle of patent infringement, there are still many controversial and urgent theoretical problems. Although our country has adopted the principle of estoppel in judicial practice, it has not been formally established in legislation. The research on the rich and mature theoretical perspective of this principle is helpful to guide the legislation and judicial practice of our country effectively. The root of estoppel lies in the concept of equity in common law, and it can also be regarded as an extension of the principle of good faith in civil law. After an in-depth analysis of estoppel principle from the perspective of jurisprudence, we can know that estoppel principle is different from subordination principle, and it has its own independent legal basis and logical system. Judging from a large number of cases about the application of judicial estoppel at home and abroad, estoppel is not only a tool to limit the principle of equivalence, but also a tool to define the scope of patent protection. If the patentee modifies the claim and application documents in the patent application and patent examination procedure, or limits the protection scope of the claim, it can be presumed that he has given up the right between the original claim and the modified right scope. However, if the patentee proves that when the scope of estoppel includes the defendant, the patentee can overcome the same presumption of estoppel as mentioned above, that is, estoppel in this case cannot exclude the application of the principle of equivalence. The prohibition of estoppel is based on balancing the interests of patentees and public needs, and the principle of good faith arises from the requirements for patent documents. The effect of estoppel is to accurately define the scope of patent protection, not just a right of defense. Due to the imperfect patent legislation in China, the lack of experience in applying the principle of estoppel and the incomplete disclosure of patent files, it is not easy for Chinese courts to use estoppel in the trial of patent infringement cases. Therefore, in order to solve the increasingly complicated patent infringement disputes in judicial practice, it is urgent to amend the patent law. China should closely combine the actual situation of our country at this stage, selectively learn from foreign legislative and judicial experience, timely amend the patent law, and make detailed provisions on the principle of estoppel.