Ginkgo biloba is a plant with high medicinal value. Ginkgo biloba is an ancient tree species in China and a magical medicinal tree. When Jurassic dinosaurs took control of the earth more than 25,000 years ago, Ginkgo biloba was already one of the most prosperous plants. Life on earth has changed for hundreds of billions of years, especially after being covered by glaciers in the fourth century. Only Ginkgo biloba remains its original appearance and is called "living fossil" in the history of biological evolution. Its leaves, fruits and seeds have high medicinal value, and its pharmacological effects are constantly recognized, and its clinical application scope is gradually expanding.
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English name
Ginkgo leaf
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Latin name
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba)
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Another name
Moth leaves and duck feet
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source
This product is the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. of Ginkgo family. Harvest when the leaves are still green in autumn and dry them in time.
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Related medicinal materials
Ginkgo bark, ginkgo root, ginkgo
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prepare
Remove impurities and sieve the soil.
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colour
[Ginkgo biloba leaves in autumn]
Ginkgo biloba leaves in autumn
Yellow green or light brown.
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morphological character
measure
It is 3 ~ 12 cm long and 5 ~ 15 cm wide, and the wedge-shaped petiole of leaf base is 2 ~ 8 cm long.
shape
This product has wrinkles, the whole product is fan-shaped, the upper edge is irregular and wavy, and the middle part is sunken, which can reach 4/5 of the leaf length. With bifurcated parallel veins, thin and dense, smooth and hairless, easy to tear longitudinally.
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function
Astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and relieving pain. Used for cough and asthma due to lung deficiency; Coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, there is a certain probability to improve memory. Ginkgo biloba can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular diseases, but other cardiovascular drugs (such as aspirin) cannot be taken at the same time. Ginkgo biloba extract is concentrated and granular, which has strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects. Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
Collagen composed of glycosides, amino acids and amino acids plays an important role in beautifying the human body, inhibiting the growth of melanin, and maintaining skin luster and elasticity. In addition, according to modern clinical research, it has a significant effect on negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia (such as social withdrawal, laziness, poor thinking, listlessness, etc.). ), but also has a certain effect on cerebellar atrophy (Alzheimer's disease).
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distinguish
Take 4g of this product powder, add 50% acetone 100ml, heat and reflux for 3 hours, let it cool, filter with absorbent cotton, evaporate acetone from the filtrate, let it cool, extract the residue with ethyl acetate twice, 50ml each time, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 15% ethanol, put it on polyamide column, and elute with 5% ethanol.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
The extract was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved with 5ml acetone as the test solution. In addition, ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide were used as reference substances, and acetone was added to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg 1ml as reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography, 5μl of the above two solutions were respectively absorbed and spotted on the same silica gel H thin-layer plate prepared with 4% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Toluene-ethyl acetate-acetone-methanol (10: 5: 0.6) was used as the developing agent, and it was spread below 15℃, taken out and dried. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
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Content determination
According to high performance liquid chromatography.
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as a filler for chromatographic conditions and system suitability test. The mobile phase is methanol -0.4% phosphoric acid solution (50 ∶ 50); The detection wavelength is 360 nm. The theoretical plate number should be no less than 2500 calculated by quercetin peak.
Preparation of reference solution: Accurately weigh quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin dried overnight with phosphorus pentoxide, and add methanol to make each reference solution contain 0.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
03mg, 0.03mg and 0.02mg solutions were used as control solutions.
Preparation of test solution: Take about 65,438 50 ml of this product powder [meanwhile, take another product powder for moisture determination (Appendix ⅸ h, the first method)], weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add chloroform for reflux extraction for 2 hours, discard chloroform, evaporate the residue, add methanol for reflux extraction for 4 hours, evaporate the extract, and add methanol -25% hydrochloric acid solution (4: 1) to the residue.
The determination method accurately absorbs 65438 00μ l of the above three control solutions and test solution respectively, injects them into a liquid chromatograph for determination, calculates the contents of three flavonoid aglycones respectively, and converts them into the contents of total flavonol glycosides according to the following formula.
Total flavonol glycoside content = (quercetin content+kaempferol content+isorhamnetin content) ×2.5 1.
[1] This product contains no less than 0.40% of total flavonol glycosides, calculated as dry products.
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Sexual taste orientation
Sweet, bitter, astringent and flat. Enter the heart-lung meridian.
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Functional indication
Astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and relieving pain. Used for cough and asthma due to lung deficiency; Coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, there is a certain probability to improve memory. Although Ginkgo biloba can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular diseases, other cardiovascular drugs (such as aspirin) should not be taken at the same time. Ginkgo biloba extract is concentrated and granular, which has strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects. Flavonoids glycosides and amino acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves,
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
Amino acids play an important role in beautifying the human body, inhibiting the growth of melanin and maintaining the luster and elasticity of the skin. In addition, according to modern clinical research, it has a significant effect on negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia (such as social withdrawal, laziness, poor thinking, malaise and other symptoms), and also has a certain effect on Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
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side effect
If you eat too much, you will be poisoned, causing muscle convulsions and dilated pupils. Pregnant women and young children, as well as the elderly, should be cautious.
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dosage
9~ 12g .
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pay attention to
Those who are really evil should not use them.
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store
Place it in a ventilated and dry place.
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Folk use
Filled with a healthy pillow, it is recorded in the pillow that Ginkgo biloba has existed on the earth for/kloc-0.5 billion years, ranking first among all plants, and it is called "living fossil of plants" by scientists. Ginkgo seeds, commonly known as ginkgo, are sweet in taste, rich in nutrition, and have the same origin of medicine and food, and are also used as medicinal diet or medicine. Ginkgo biloba leaves, seed coats and tree roots contain many chemical components that can be used in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, China Academy of Sciences and many people at home and abroad.
[Ginkgo biloba]
Ginkgo nut
Many medical experts have found that Ginkgo biloba leaves can extract 160 kinds of effective medicinal components. Among them, 35 kinds of flavonoids; 17 kinds of amino acids and trace elements. Pillow expert Shi Zhibao selected precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Ginkgo biloba leaves for more than three years, and made into ginkgo health pillow, which is light and fragrant, can improve the quality of human breathing and sleep, and can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases after long-term use. A natural substance can prevent hypertension, stroke and diabetes caused by vascular aging in adults, so that adults can maintain normal cardiac output and normal nervous system function, especially middle-aged and elderly people, so that people can maintain a normal cell life cycle as much as possible and maintain the youthful vitality they dream of.
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draw
chinese pharmacopoeia
The compatibility of Ginkgo biloba compound and folk prescription with other Chinese herbal medicines can better play its role in lowering blood pressure, blood lipid and blood viscosity. The main functions of plant flavonoids in human body are to enhance vascular tension, dilate coronary arteries, soften blood vessels, improve vascular permeability, reduce blood pressure, blood lipid and cholesterol, prevent platelet aggregation, reduce thrombosis, and reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) in blood vessels, so as to reduce blood pressure, blood lipid and blood viscosity. Plant flavonoids are indispensable components of human body, and Liuwei Flavonoids Tea is rich in flavonoids and rutin.
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Precautions for taking Ginkgo biloba leaves
Experts speculate that flavonoids, the main component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a powerful platelet activating factor inhibitor, which may inhibit platelet aggregation for a long time and increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage accordingly. Therefore, it is appropriate for the elderly to take Ginkgo biloba leaves.
[Ginkgo tea]
ginkgo leaf tea
Stop using it, and pay attention to regularly detecting blood coagulation, and don't blindly take it for a long time. For elderly patients with vascular sclerosis and fragile blood vessels, it is not advisable to take it for a long time to avoid cerebral hemorrhage.
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Matters needing attention
Ginkgo biloba can't make tea with tea and chrysanthemum.
Ginkgo biloba leaves contain a lot of ginkgolic acid, which is toxic. Generally, the collected leaves have not been deeply processed, and the content of ginkgolic acid in fresh leaves is as high as 3000-4000ppm. Because ginkgolic acid is water-soluble, and ginkgo flavone with medicinal value is fat-soluble, soaking in water will lead to the dissolution of toxic substances, which is easy to cause poisoning when drinking.
In medicine, especially in ginkgo products used in hospitals, ginkgolic acid is allowed to contain slightly 10ppm.
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Effect on skin
1. Whitening: When the body is in poor health, our endocrine is prone to disorder and imbalance. At this time, there are too many oxygen free radicals and insufficient superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the body, which leads to the oxidation reaction between too many oxygen free radicals and dermal cells, forming a large number of lipofuscin (lipid peroxide), resulting in chloasma or pregnancy spots. Flavonoids contained in Ginkgo biloba leaves can hinder the formation and deposition of pigments in the dermis, thus whitening the skin and preventing pigmentation. Besides flavonoids, trace elements such as manganese and molybdenum in Ginkgo biloba leaves can also scavenge oxygen free radicals and inhibit the growth of melanin.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
2. Wrinkle removal: It takes about 3 months for human skin to be completely renewed, but why do we still have annoying fine lines on our faces? The reason is that the newborn cells formed in the dermis have been oxidized by too many free radicals before reaching the skin surface, and they are already aging cells when they reach the epidermis. Flavonoids glycosides and flavonols in Ginkgo biloba leaves are free radical scavengers, which can protect dermal cells, improve blood circulation and prevent cells from being oxidized to produce wrinkles.
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Ginkgo effect
1. Reduce cholesterol level in human blood and prevent arteriosclerosis. It can significantly improve physical fatigue, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness and other symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people after mild activities.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
2. It can reduce blood pressure by increasing the permeability and elasticity of blood vessels, and has a good antihypertensive effect.
3. Eliminate the deposited components on the blood vessel wall, improve the blood rheology, enhance the deformability of red blood cells, reduce the blood viscosity, and make the blood flow unobstructed, which can prevent and treat cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. It also has certain curative effect on senile dementia caused by arteriosclerosis.
4. Ginkgo biloba preparation combined with hypoglycemic agents has a good effect on diabetes, and can be used as an auxiliary drug for diabetes.
5. It can obviously relieve menstrual abdominal pain, backache and other symptoms.
6. It is also effective in treating bronchial asthma.
7. Reduce the level of lipid peroxidation, reduce freckles, moisturize the skin and make a beautiful appearance.
8. Ginkgo biloba leaves were rarely recorded in previous herbal books. Until the 1960s, scholars at home and abroad discovered the valuable medicinal value of Ginkgo biloba leaves when developing and screening natural medicines, which made Ginkgo biloba leaves stand out and quickly became health care products and cosmetics. Recently, it has established its extraordinary position as a legal medicine-Ginkgo biloba leaves have been included in the newly published and officially implemented Pharmacopoeia 2000 (Part I) as a legal medicine in China. Sweet, bitter, astringent and flat in nature, it belongs to the heart and lung meridian, and has the functions of astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Can be used for treating cough and asthma due to lung deficiency, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacologists are very surprised to find that a small piece of Ginkgo biloba leaves contains many components, and its pharmacological activity is beyond people's expectation, among which there are only more than 20 kinds of flavonoids and terpenoids. It is no exaggeration to describe it as a miniature treasure house.
A large number of pharmacological experiments show that there are two kinds of components with important pharmacological activities in Ginkgo biloba leaves: ginkgetin glycosides and ginkgolides. Their unique mechanism of action is different from some commonly used drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinic.
First, ginkgolides can selectively inhibit platelet activating factor. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a strong endogenous active substance in human body, which can cause platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke and myocardial infarction, is an invisible killer and very dangerous. Ginkgolides are the bane of PAF.
Secondly, ginkgo flavone glycosides have high anti-albinism ability. Ginkgo flavone glycosides have been proved to be effective in resisting and scavenging free radicals and playing a good role in delaying aging.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
Especially the recent information from abroad. It is believed that Ginkgo biloba leaves can be used to prevent and treat patients with early Alzheimer's disease, especially to help restore and improve memory.
Thirdly, there is a synergistic effect between ginkgolides and flavonoid glycosides, which can dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular circulation, and protect brain and myocardial cells under hypoxia. In addition, it can reduce triglyceride in blood, increase the content of high density lipoprotein and improve the activity of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba extract preparation has good curative effect on patients with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, concussion, sequelae of brain injury and so on. And there are few adverse reactions in general, so it is easy to be accepted as a health care drug.
Effective treatment of hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease with ganoderma lucidum ginkgo capsule
The latest understanding of the therapeutic effect of Lingzhi Ginkgo Capsule on hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease, taking Lingzhi Ginkgo Capsule (0.4mg is equivalent to 8 g of crude drug) twice a day for 4- 12 weeks, and observing 256 cases. 198 cases disappeared or basically disappeared after taking medicine for one week. The frequency, degree and duration of angina pectoris in 33 cases were obviously reduced, and 3 cases were ineffective. After the clinical symptoms were improved, the changes of ECG and blood wax were compared and observed. Results Myocardial ischemia was obviously relieved, and the average serum total cholesterol decreased by 0.50 mmol L-1(P < 0.05). At the same time, compared with the control group, the frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks are also reduced. The curative effect is good, and the onset time is mostly within 1-2 weeks after taking the medicine. If the course of treatment lasts for 4 weeks or more, the curative effect is satisfactory. Conclusion Ginkgo biloba is a safe and effective drug for treating coronary heart disease.
Various exhibitions
Ginkgo biloba is the leaf of Ginkgo biloba, also called Ginkgo biloba. According to "Dietotherapy Materia Medica", Ginkgo biloba can be used for palpitation, lung deficiency and cough and asthma. Modern scientific research has proved that Ginkgo biloba contains more than 200 kinds of medicinal components, including 46 kinds of flavonoids, 25 kinds of trace elements and 8 kinds of amino acids. Flavonoids are the main effective components, which have the functions of protecting capillary permeability, dilating coronary artery and restoring arterial blood.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves in autumn]
Ginkgo biloba leaves in autumn
Tube elasticity, reducing serum cholesterol, increasing coronary blood flow, improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular circulation, relieving smooth muscle spasm, relaxing bronchus, inhibiting bacteria, nourishing brain cells and other organs, and also has the peculiar effect of maintaining blood quality and normal cholesterol level of arteries, peripheral blood vessels and capillaries.
Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine
Ginkgo biloba leaves are also rich in mineral elements such as VC, VE, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, boron and selenium, which are more than ordinary fruits and vegetables and edible plant raw materials. Biological antioxidants are a kind of substances with direct and indirect antioxidant function in the body. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain two kinds of antioxidants-nutritional antioxidants and non-nutritional antioxidants. The former mainly contains carotene, VC, VE, selenium, zinc, copper and so on. And the latter mainly contains ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, catechins, polyphenols and so on. Their contents are also very rich, and they play an important role in protecting the body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba leaves have the functions of nutrition, health care and treatment. It is of great significance to develop and utilize Ginkgo biloba leaves, a resource with high nutrition and health care functions, to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of Ginkgo biloba leaves.
Development and Utilization of Ginkgo biloba Since 1930s, Japan and West Germany began to study Ginkgo biloba. With the deepening of modern pharmacological research, it is found that Ginkgo biloba leaves not only contain flavonoids, but also terpenoids, phenols and other compounds, and its excellent pharmacological effects are gradually recognized by people.
Clinical observation proves that Ginkgo biloba leaves have the following functions.
1, reducing the level of cholesterol in human blood and preventing arteriosclerosis. It can significantly improve physical fatigue, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness and other symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people after mild activities.
2. Lowering blood pressure by increasing vascular permeability and elasticity has a good antihypertensive effect.
3. Eliminate the deposited components on the blood vessel wall, improve the blood flow change, enhance the deformability of red blood cells, reduce the blood viscosity, and make the blood flow unobstructed, which can prevent and treat cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. It also has certain curative effect on senile dementia caused by arteriosclerosis.
4. Ginkgo biloba
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
Leaf preparation combined with hypoglycemic agents has a good curative effect on diabetes, and can be used as an auxiliary drug for diabetes.
5, can significantly reduce menstrual abdominal pain and backache and other symptoms.
6, used to treat bronchial asthma, also has a good effect.
7, reduce the level of lipid peroxidation, reduce freckles, moisturize the skin, beautiful appearance.
8, laxative, diuretic, detoxification, detoxification.
9. It can obviously improve female climacteric syndrome.
General nutritional components of ginkgo biloba leaves
Table 2- 1 General nutritional components of Ginkgo biloba leaves
Component Puding Zheng 'an Specimen Garden
Protein (%)12.3615.4510.90
Total sugar (%) 8.69 7.38 7.7 1
Reducing sugar (%) 5.34 4.64 5.63
Total acid (%) 2.09 1.95 1.80.
VB 1 (mg/100g)
VB2 (mg/100g) 0.35 0.30 0.45
Carotene (mg/100g)18.0817.3014.52
Vitamin E (mg/100g)
VC (mg/100g)126.70129.20 66.78
Choline (mg/100g) 28.00 39.50 35.58
The results in Table 2- 1 show that Ginkgo biloba contains many nutrients, and the main nutrients are high, especially protein, sugar, VC, VE and carotene. On a dry basis, the leaves contain protein 10.9% ~ 15.5%, total sugar 7.38% ~ 8.69%, reducing sugar 4.64% ~ 5.63%, and VC 66.8 ~129.2 mg/100g.
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
There are also obvious differences in different regions.
amino acid content
Table 2-2 Content of Amino Acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves (g/ 100g, dry basis)
Amino acid content Puding Zheng 'an specimen garden
Aspartic acid1.421.731.26
Threonine * 0.55 0.72 0.50
Serine 0.57 0.74 0.55
Glutamate1.391.791.16
Glycine 0.700
Propionic acid 0.83 1.09 0.75438+0
Valine * 0.69 0.99 0.64
Methionine * 0.2 1.240. 18
Isoleucine * 0.45 0.63 0.44
Leucine * 0.89 1. 10 0.83
Tyrosine 0.40 0.56 0.37
Phenylalanine * 0.64 0.83 0.60
R- aminobutyric acid 0.26 0.34 0. 18
Histidine * 0.26 0.34 0.23
[Ginkgo biloba leaves]
Ginkgo leaf
Lysine * 0.84 1.0 1.80
Tryptophan * 0.220.2 1.23
Arginine 0.660.9 1.60
Proline 0.92 1.28 0.69
Total amino acids11.9015.4310.73.
Essential amino acids 4.75 6.04 4.45
Essential amino acids/total amino acids (%) 39.9239.1441.47
Essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids (%)66.43 64.4670.86
* Essential amino acids
Table 2-3 Comparison of Essential Amino Acids between High Quality Protein Ginkgo biloba Leaves and WHO Model Ginkgo biloba Leaves (mg /g protein)
Ingredients Ginkgo protein soybean protein egg protein WHO
Threonine 44.5 ~ 50.5 37.0 47.09.0
Valine 55.8 ~ 64.148.0 66.013.0
Methionine14.5 ~17.01.0 57.0 * (1)17.0 (1) *
Isoleucine 36.4 ~ 40.8 49.0 54.0 13.0
Leucine 71.2 ~ 76.177.0 86.019.0
Phenylalanine+tyrosine 84.1~ 90.1.91.093.019.0
Histidine 21.0 ~ 22.0 25.0 22.016.0
Lysine 65.4 ~ 73.461.0 70.016.0
Tryptophan13.6 ~ 21.1.14.017.05.0
(1)- methionine+cystine
As can be seen from Table 2-3, Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in amino acids, the total amino acid content is 10.73% ~ 15.43% (on a dry basis), and all of them contain 9 essential amino acids, and the proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids is 39.2% ~ 4 1.5%.
Mineral nutrient element content
Table 2-4 Contents of Mineral Nutrients in Ginkgo biloba Leaves (on a dry basis)
Component Puding Zheng 'an Specimen Garden
Calcium (mg/100g) 2130.001860.00 2360.00
Phosphorus (mg/100g) 50000.000000000006
Iron (mg/100g) 33.43 22.85 63.56
Fluorine (mg/100g) 6.00 7.00 13.00
Copper (mg/100g) 0.56 0.73 0.59
Manganese (mg/100g)
Zinc (mg/100g)1.481.801.43
Chromium (mg/100g)
Cobalt (mg/100g)
Boron (μ g/100g) 30.67 45.78 55.54
Selenium (μ g/100g) 5.45 13.69 15.44
As can be seen from Table 2-4, Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in minerals and trace elements, especially calcium, phosphorus, boron and selenium, in which the content of calcium is as high as1860 ~ 2,360 mg/100g, phosphorus is 298 ~ 407mg/ 100g, and boron is 30.7 ~ 55g.
Contents of active ingredients such as flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, catechins and polyphenols.
Table 2-5 Contents of flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, catechins and polyphenols in Ginkgo biloba leaves *(g/ 100g, dry basis)
Flavonoid glycoside terpene lactone catechin polyphenol
Content range accounts for the total content range accounts for the total content.
& gt 1.8 5.5 & gt； 0.8 8. 1 1. 17 1.24
& gt 1.6 9.8 & gt； 0.7 10.5 1.2 1 1.26
& gt 1.4 15.3 & gt； 0.6 15.3 1.24 1.34
& gt 1.2 23.2 & gt； 0.4 27.8
& gt 1.0 34.6 >0.3 35.2
& gt0.8 48.0 & gt0.2 45.9
& gt0.6 75.5 >0. 1 6 1.5
& gt0.4 9 1.7 & gt； 0.05 79.2
& gt0.2 97.9 >0.02 93.5
* Among them, catechins and polyphenols are the determination results of samples from three different regions, and flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones are the statistical values of the determination results of 327 samples from different regions of the province.
Table 2-6 Contents of Flavonoid Glycosides and Terpene Lactones in Leaves (g/ 100g, dry basis)
Component flavone glycoside terpene lactone
Total amount of quercetin and isorhamnetin in Rhizoma Kaempferiae, origin GA GB GC BB.
Qiannan * 0.37 0.320.060.750.020.020.030.050.12
Fuquan * 0.260.160.090.51.060.040.01.020.13.
Anshun 0.68 0.700.1010.48 0.45 0.210.10/90.96
Dejiang 0.74 0.54 0.081.36 0.28 0.11.060.160.63.
Panxian 0.420.41.130.960.180.120.080.160.57.
Pu 'an * 0.160.52 0.07 0.75 0.140.02 0.04 0.22
Guiyang * 0.120.28 0.09 0.49 0.07 0.02 0.0101.
Longli 0.48 0.69 0.201.37 0.36 0.20 0.06 0.26 0.89
Zunyi 0.69 0.55 0.051.29 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.25 0.94
Zhengan 0.720.71.001.430.330.200.10.250.85
Changshun 0.990.700.091.780.160.090.130.160.54.
Herbarium 0.940.69 0.0910.720.27 0.120.030.400.82
Beijing 969 0.78 0.77 0.01.1.560.09 0.01.1.1.09 0.40.
Shandong 0.500.400.1610.060.040.10.090.070.30
Pu 'an 0.730.450.051.230.140.060.040.170.41.
* Old leaves, the rest are 2-5 years old leaves.
The analysis results of 450 Ginkgo biloba samples in the table show that more than 0.8% accounts for more than 0.3% of the analyzed samples (both flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones are high, and the highest content of flavonoid glycosides is 1. 17%. Table GA+GB+GC) is higher than ginkgolides (flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones and their components in old leaves and basal leaves (5 years old) in different regions are very different.
conclusion
Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in protein. From the quality point of view, the content of essential amino acids in protein of the tested samples exceeded the content of similar amino acids in FAO/ WHO scoring model, and their essential amino acid indexes were all above 100. According to FAO/ WHO standard scoring model, the amino acid composition of high-quality protein is more than 60% EAA/TAA [5]. It can be seen from the analysis results that these two indexes of essential amino acids in ginkgo protein meet this requirement. The quality of Ginkgo biloba protein is better than FAO/ WHO scoring model, equivalent to soybean protein and close to egg protein. Such rich protein and high-quality amino acids can undoubtedly become a good food nutritional additive.
Ginkgo biloba leaves are also rich in mineral elements such as VC, VE, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, boron and selenium, which are more than ordinary fruits and vegetables and edible plant raw materials.
Biological antioxidants are a kind of substances with direct and indirect antioxidant function in the body. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain two kinds of antioxidants-nutritional antioxidants and non-nutritional antioxidants. The former mainly contains carotene, VC, VE, selenium, zinc, copper and so on. And the latter mainly contains ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, catechins, polyphenols and so on. And they are also rich in content. They play an important role in protecting the body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The above analysis shows that Ginkgo biloba leaves have nutritional and health care functions. Therefore, the development and utilization of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a resource with high nutritional and health value, is of great significance to improve the comprehensive utilization of Ginkgo biloba leaves.
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Main functions of ginkgo biloba leaves
1, promoting blood supply and oxygen supply to the brain and enhancing memory.
2. Improve sub-health states such as forgetfulness, insomnia, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath and tinnitus.
3. Prevention of stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
[2] 4. Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Ginkgo biloba can inhibit platelet aggregation, dilate blood vessels and promote arterial and venous blood circulation, so it can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral thrombosis and stroke.
5, freckle whitening, moisturizing beauty 6, relieve headaches, tinnitus, dizziness, forgetfulness, dreaminess, cold hands and feet and other symptoms.