Internet technology refers to information technology (IT for short) based on computer technology.
[Edit this paragraph] The concept and scope of technology
The first layer is [font color=#3366cc] hardware [/font], which mainly refers to the host computer and [font color=#3366cc] network [/font] communication equipment used for data storage, processing and transmission;
The second layer refers to [font color=#3366cc] software [/font], including all kinds of software that can be used to collect, store, retrieve, analyze, apply and evaluate information, including business management software such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), SCM (Supply Chain Management) and WF (Work) that can be used to strengthen process management.
The third layer refers to [font color=#3366cc] application [/font], which refers to the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, application, evaluation and use of various information. Including the application of [font color=#3366cc]ERP[/font], [font color=#3366cc]CRM[/font], [font color=#3366cc]SCM[/font] and other software to directly assist decision-making, and also including the use of other decision analysis models or DW/DM and other technical means to further improve the analysis quality and assist decision makers.
Some people understand that Internet technology combines the first two layers into one, which refers to the storage, processing and transmission of information, while the latter refers to the application of information. Some people combine the last two layers into one, which is divided into hard front and soft back. Usually, the third layer has not been paid enough attention, but in fact, only when information is effectively applied can its value be fully exerted and the goal of informatization be truly realized. Informatization is not an end in itself, but a better means to achieve the goal in the current era background.
What does Carl mean by Internet technology? In that article, he didn't make it clear, but he mentioned the core functions of information technology-data storage, processing and transmission. From the logic of his reasoning, that is, from the infrastructure construction such as steam engine, railway, telegraph and telephone, electric power, Moore's law has also been used to prove the development of mainframe and optical fiber.
The concept of internet technology is often vague: one refers to the host network and the other refers to the software. Information technology itself is just a tool, like a sword or a good pen.
[Edit this paragraph] Confused technical concepts
Data = a record of facts. Last quarter, the sales of series A products in East China was 6.5438+0.2 million.
Information = (information) = data+meaning. Last quarter, the sales of A series products in East China decreased by 25% compared with the same period of last year.
Intelligence = information+understanding and reasoning. For example, is it because the sales units in East China are not good, or the A series products are in recession, or the overall marketing activities of the company are backward and the competitors are vigorously promoting them? Or other reasons.
Knowledge = problem-solving skills. What is the company's strategy to solve this problem?
Wisdom = knowledge selection There may be many action plans to deal with, but which wisdom (strategy) to choose. The activity will generate new transaction data.
[Edit this paragraph] The composition of Internet technology
The universal application of Internet technology is a sign of entering the information society. Different people and books have different explanations for this. But basically everyone agrees that it consists of the following three parts:
-Sensing technology This is the extension and expansion of human sensory organs, and the most obvious example is the bar code reader;
-Communication technology, which is the extension and expansion of human nervous system, undertakes the function of transmitting information;
-Computer technology This is the extension and expansion of the function of the human brain, which undertakes the function of processing information.
The so-called informatization is to transform other industries and industries with information technology, so as to improve the efficiency of enterprises. In this process, information technology plays the role of a powerful tool.
By the way, what is the IT industry? There is a general classification for your reference:
Internet technology basic technology provides ic research and development, software writing such as INTEL, MS, etc.
Internet technology products parts, components, assembly manufacturing such as elite, Volkswagen and so on. ;
Internet technology products integrate computer and peripheral manufacturers such as Lenovo and IBM; ;
Systematic solutions for Internet technology products and information systems such as Huawei and Hewlett-Packard;
Distribution channels and sales of Internet technology products such as Digital China;
Internet technology products, services, consulting services and after-sales services such as Blue Express;
Public opinion in the Internet technology industry supports IT media such as World Plan Information and CCID; ;
Third parties in the Internet technology industry provide various services that need to be matched, such as legal consultation and public relations services;
Training Internet technology reserve personnel in various colleges and universities such as computer specialty;
Internet technology industry cooperates to organize various associations and gatherings.
The whole cycle of integration testing will systematically include software acceptance testing, end-to-end testing, TV picture synthesis testing, system testing, user acceptance testing, multi-motion comprehensive testing and technical drills. Its purpose is to ensure that all IT systems have the required functions and reliability, so as to serve Beijing 2008 Olympic Games smoothly.
[Edit this paragraph] Internet technology major occupational classification
1. 1 software class
1. 1. 1 system analyst 1. 1.2 computer programmer 1. 1.3 software tester1.
& ltB& gt； 1.2 hardware class
& lt/B& gt； 1.2. 1 computer maintenance workers
1.3 network class
1.3. 1 computer network administrator 1.3.2 network system designer 1.3.3 network integrated router 1.3.4 network construction engineer.
1.4 information system class
1.4. 1 computer operator 1.4.2 information system security engineer 1.4.3 information system administrator 1.4.4 database system administrator 1.4.5 information system supervisor.
1.4.6 information system appraiser 1.4.7 information resources development and management personnel 1.4.8 information system designer.
& ltB& gt； 1.5 manufacturing class
& lt/B& gt； 1.5. 1 semiconductor device tester 1.5.2 semiconductor device manufacturing technician 1.5.3 semiconductor device manufacturer 1.5.4 semiconductor device support worker 1.5.5 semiconductor device packaging worker.
[Edit this paragraph] Internet application professional occupation classification
2. 1 control class
2. 1. 1 SCM application designer 2. 1.2 control system designer 2. 1.3 logic control chip editor 2. 1.4 automatic data acquisition and analysis.
& ltB& gt； 2.2 Application System Development Class
& lt/B& gt； 2.2. 1 embedded system developer 2.2.2 website developer 2.2.3 game program developer 2.2.4 radio frequency identification system developer
& ltB& gt； 2.3 Design class
& lt/B& gt； 2.3. 1 computer graphic designer
& ltB& gt； 2.4 Business class
& lt/B& gt； 2.4. 1 network editor 2.4.2 computer network customer service personnel 2.4.3 online sales personnel
& ltB& gt； 2.5 entertainment
& lt/B& gt； 2.5. 1 digital video producer 2.5.2 digital audio producer 2.5.3 3D animation producer 2.5.4 game art designer
& ltB& gt； 2.6 Education
& lt/B& gt； 2.6. 1 network courseware making
2.7 communication class
[Edit this paragraph] Internet Technology Other Occupations Classification
3.3. 1 electronic tag operator
[Edit this paragraph] World Internet technology development history
1936
British mathematician A.M. Turing invented Turing machine, which made theoretical preparation for modern computer hardware and software.
1942
The world's first electronic computer ABC has been successfully developed. It has 300 electron tubes, using binary. Its basic architecture is no different from that of modern computers.
1943
British computer "Giant" put into operation. But it was kept secret until 1970.
1945
The father of modern computer: von Neumann first put forward the concept of stored program computer, that is, "von Neumann machine".
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1946
10 February, electronic digital integrator and computer were born. Equipped with18,000 vacuum tubes, with a total weight of 30 tons and a cost of nearly 500,000 US dollars. It is the world's first multi-functional, all-electronic digital computer, which can realize thousands of multiplication operations per minute.
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1946
In May, Cambridge University successfully developed the first von Neumann machine EDSAC.
1947
12 On February 23rd, Bell Telephone Laboratory invented the first transistor in the world.
1948
The University of Manchester developed the world's first robot baby with stored programs.
1950
Engineering Research Associates made the world's first commercial computer era 1 10 1.
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195 1 year
The first digital computer UNIVAC 1 was designed for the American census.
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1952
Grace Hopper outlined the blueprint of the first "compiler", that is, all programs were translated into machine language before execution, which made great contributions to the computer industry.
1955
Grace Hopper developed the A-3 compiler Math-Matic.
1956
The world's first computer with transistor elements was successfully developed.
The first transatlantic telephone cable was laid.
Bell Labs developed the prototype of videophone.
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1957
IBM designed the world's first computer hard disk RAMAC 350, with a diameter of 24 inches and a total capacity of 5 megabytes.
IBM developed FORTRAN language.
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1958
The first commercial electron tube computer Univac Model 80 was released.
MIT john mccarthy began to develop Lisp language, which was completed in 1960.
1959
The world's first integrated circuit came out.
Cobol language specification was published in 196 1 year.
1964
IBM releases IBM System/360 computer.
1965
DEC launched the world's first standard minicomputer PDP-8, which was truly recognized by the industry.
Thomas E.Kurtz and John Kemeny of Dartmouth College in the United States developed the Basic language.
The world's first program-controlled telephone exchange-American Bell System 1 electronic exchange came out.
The international satellite communication organization launched a semi-experimental and semi-practical stationary (synchronous) communication satellite, marking the beginning of the era of synchronous satellite communication. & ltB& gt；
1967
The American newspaper Computerworld was founded.
IBM introduced the world's first floppy disk with a diameter of 32 inches.
Njklaus Wirth of Switzerland started to develop Pascal language on the basis of Algol, which was completed in 197 1.
1968
IBM developed the world's first database management system IMS.
J.Dahl and K.Nygard of the Norwegian Computing Center published the first object-oriented language, Simula 67.
1969
Bell Laboratories developed the first multi-task and multi-user computer time-sharing system Unix with assembly language.
IBM established the software market by allowing customers to purchase their software and hardware separately.
The U.S. Department of Defense began to study ARPANET, which is regarded as the beginning of the Internet.
1970
Ken Thompson and Dennis M. Ritchie of Bell Laboratories began to develop Unix operating systems.
Optical fiber with transmission loss of only 20 dB/km and semiconductor laser that can work continuously at room temperature have been successfully developed, and optical fiber communication is becoming practical.
197 1 year
Intel developed the world's first microprocessor 4004.
Niklaus wirth can speak Pascal.
Gary Starkweather developed the world's first laser printer in Xerox's laboratory.
1972
Dennis ritchie of Bell Laboratories developed the C language.
CCITT first put forward the concept of ISDN.
1973
Alain Colmerauer of Lumini-Marseille University developed Prolog language.
Marty Cooper's mobile phone became famous and became the first person to use it.
1974
The US Department of Defense developed TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
Intel introduced 8080 microprocessor, which was adopted by the world's first commercial PC.
Zilog Company introduced the processor Z-80.
The first commercially successful PC Altair 8800 was successfully developed.
IBM first proposed the computer reduced instruction set.
Xerox introduced the first workstation prototype Xerox Alto.
In the first computer chess championship, the Russian program KAISASA won.
1975
Bill Gates and paul allen developed the world's first set of standard microcomputer software Basic for Altair and founded Microsoft.
Xerox and Stanford University jointly launched "Ethernet". Network became the first industrial standard product of LAN.
1976
Cray- 1, the first commercially successful supercomputer, was successfully developed, with an operation speed of 250 million times per second.
Hayes introduced the first PC modem.
1977
The first PC Apple II with color display was officially unveiled.
The world's first commercial optical fiber communication system was opened between two telephone offices (7 kilometers apart) in Chicago, USA.
1978
TCP is divided into TCP and IP.
198 1 year
Osborne, the world's first portable computer, appeared.
/kloc-In August, the IBM PC named "Personal Computer" made its debut. It uses Intel's 8088 processor and Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system.
Ashton-Tate introduced dbase Ⅱ Ⅱ.
Ian Murphy, a 23-year-old man who calls himself Captain Zap, hacked into the computer systems of the White House, the Pentagon and BellSouth.
1983
Cellular mobile phone communication system put into commercial use.
1984
Apple introduced the Apple Macintosh.
The domain name system was created.
MIPS Computer Systems was founded and began to develop RISC architecture with Stanford University.
HP launches personal laser printer.
1985
Intel introduced 386 microprocessor.
Windows 1.0 is officially available.
1986
The National Natural Science Foundation of China established NSFnet with a backbone network speed of 56 KB/s.
1987
IBM and Microsoft released OS/2 1.0.
Kodak introduced the world's first commercial digital camera with megapixels.
1988
1 65438+1October1day, robert morris, a graduate student of Cornell University in the United States, released an experimental network worm program when he tried the feasibility of computer virus on ARPANET. Within 8 hours, this program invaded 3000 ~ 6000 VAX computers and Sun computers running Unix operating system, causing serious losses. Morris is both a virus maker and the first hacker on the Internet.
The first transatlantic submarine communication optical cable (TAT-8) system was successfully laid.
1989
The United States launched the first global positioning system (GPS) working satellite.
British scientist Timothy Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web.
The launch of Sonic Card by Singapore Innovation Company marks the arrival of PC multimedia era.
1990
IBM released RS/6000 based on RISC.
World Wide Web software has been successfully developed.
Archie, an Internet search program, came out at McGill University.
The earliest lan switches was successfully developed.
199 1 year
Linus Torvalds, a student of Helsinki University in Finland, developed the Linux operating system and spread it as free software.
1992
On March 22nd, Intel launched the fifth generation Pentium processor.
1993
Peter de Jagger published the article "The End of the Year 2000" in Computer World, warning the danger of the year 2000 problem and the cost of solving it.
The Clinton administration of the United States announced the planning of the national information infrastructure, NII for short, commonly known as the information superhighway.
Microsoft officially released Windows NT.
1994
Netscape released the Internet browser navigator.
Internet has entered the era of commercialization.
1995
Microsoft introduced Windows 95, a 32-bit desktop operating system.
Microsoft launched Internet Explorer, an Internet browser.
IP phone made its debut, and VocalTec launched VoIP client software.
The world's first commercial CDMA mobile communication network opened in Hong Kong.
Sun company launches Java language.
Larry Ellision, president of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Company, put forward the concept of network computer (NC).
Amazon.com sold his first book online.
Some Internet-related companies are listed. Netscape became the third largest IPO stock value on Nasdaq.
Domain name registration is no longer free, 50 dollars a year.
1996
Thirty-four famous American universities launched the "Next Generation Internet" project in Chicago.
The rewritable optical disc (CD-RW) technology came out.
PDA product Pocket Navigator 1000 went on the market.
1997
The chess software on IBM's Deep Blue defeated the world chess champion Garry Kasparov for the first time.
IETF put forward IPv6 standard.
The wireless LAN standard IEEE 802. 1 1 was released.
Yahoo and Amazon.com listed successfully.
In the development year of e-commerce, there were more than 654.38 million online retailers. By the end of 1997, Cisco's sales of network equipment on the website were $3 billion, and the daily sales of personal computers on Dell's website were10 million. 1997, 39% of Cisco's total revenue of $6.4 billion comes from its website.
1998
IMac apple computer comes out.
Larry Page and sergey brin founded Google, which became a widely used Internet search engine.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) broadcasts digital TV programs for the first time in the world.
Iridium system began to provide personal communication services to the whole world.
65438+1On October 26th, Compaq acquired DEC for $9.6 billion.
Canada's Northern Telecom acquired the US Gulf for US$ 96,543.8 billion.
65438+ 10 65438+September, the US federal court decided to formally hold a hearing on the antitrust lawsuit filed by the US Department of Justice and 20 state governments against Microsoft.
165438+ 10 In October, service provider AOL acquired Netscape Communications Company with a share price of 4.2 billion US dollars.
1999
65438+ 10/4 lucent technology announced the acquisition of Ascend for $24 billion.
In 2000,
On June 65438+1October 10, AOL, the world's largest Internet access service provider, announced that it would acquire time warner Inc. by way of share swap, with a total transaction amount exceeding160 billion US dollars.
On May 17, the world's largest online fashion retailer and the most well-funded European com company announced its closure. At least 130 internet companies in the United States have closed down due to the exhaustion of funds.
The growth rate of the US IT market slowed down for the first time in nine years.
200 1 year
On April 24th, IBM announced that it would acquire Informix's database business for $6,543.8+0 billion in cash.
On May 29th, An Teng, Intel's first 64-bit processor chip, was officially released.
On August 28th, Microsoft released the limited edition of Windows Advanced Server, the first 64-bit Windows operating system.
On September 4th, HP announced that it would acquire Compaq at a share exchange price of $25 billion.
In September, NTT DoCoMo took the lead in launching 3G services in the world.
10 year1On October 25th, Microsoft released Windows XP.
In June+February, 5438, NTT announced that it would jointly conduct grid computing experiments with Intel and SGI.
In 2002
In May, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard organization approved the final draft of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard.
IBM announced that it will invest $654.38+0 billion to support Linux.
According to IDC statistics, the growth rate of 2.3% made 2002 the worst year in the history of IT industry.
IBM announced that it will invest $654.38+000 billion in on-demand computing.
The Nasdaq index fell to its pre-rising level. Six years ago.
In 2003
In March of this year, SCO sued IBM for "improper use of the Linux operating system for which the company has intellectual property rights".
On March 12, Intel released its latest generation of mobile computing technology Centrino.
AMD introduced AMD Athlon 64-bit microprocessor for desktop and mobile computing platforms.
Apple launched an online music service, and sold 654.38 billion songs at a price of 99 cents each in the first week after its opening.
In 2004
On June 4th, 65438+ 10/kloc-0, the RFID (radio frequency identification) standard organization EPCgloba said that it had established the first global standard to accelerate the company to adopt RFID technology to improve the operation of its supply chain.
On April 2, Sun Company of the United States announced that it had reached a ten-year cooperation agreement with Microsoft Company to settle all pending lawsuits. According to the agreement, Microsoft will pay Sun $700 million to solve all outstanding antitrust problems, and another $900 million to solve all patent problems.
On June 28th, Intel introduced a new platform system based on 32/64-bit Xeon processors.